Morphology, Anatomy and Reproduction of Anthoceros
Transcript of Morphology, Anatomy and Reproduction of Anthoceros
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Morphology, Anatomy and
Reproduction of Anthoceros
- INDRESH KUMAR PANDEY
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Taxonomic Position of Anthoceros
Class- Anthocerotopsida
Anthocerotales Single order
Two families
Anthocerotaceae Notothylaceae
Representative
Genus Anthoceros Notothylus
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General features of Anthocerotopsida
• Forms an isolated evolutionary line
• Sometimes considered independent from Bryophytes and placed in division Anthocerophyta
• Called as Hornworts due to horn like structure of sporophyte
• Commonly recognised genera includes
Anthoceros, Megaceros, Nothothylus,
Dendroceros
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Anthoceros :Habitat & Distribution
• Cosmopolitan
• Mainly in temperate & tropical regions
• More than 200 species, 25 sp. Recorded from India.
• Mostly grows in moist shady places, sides of ditches or in moist hollows among rocks
• Few species grow on decaying wood.
• Three common Indian species- A. erectus,
A. crispulus, A. himalayensis
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Anthoceros: Morphology
Dorsal surface Ventral surface Rhizoids
(smooth walled)
Thallus showing tubers
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External features
• Thallus (gametophyte)- small, dark green, dorsiventral,
prostrate, branched or lobed
• No midrib, spongy due to presence of underlying
mucilaginous ducts
• Dorsal surface varies from species to species
Smooth- A. laevis
Velvety- A. crispulus
Rough- A. fusiformis
• Smooth walled rhizoid on ventral surface
• Rounded bluish green thickened area on ventral surface-
Nostoc colonies
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Internal structure
Vertical Transverse Section- Diagrammatic
Vertical Transverse Section- Cellular
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Internal Structure
• Simple, without cellular differentiation
• 1-6 chloroplast per cell, oval or discoid with
lamellar structure like higher plants
• Chloroplast contains pyrenoids, like green
algae, Isoetes and Selaginella
• Nostoc gain entry from slime pores
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Vegetative Reproduction
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Apical Growth
• By single apical cell or group of cells
• Campbell(1918)- difficult to determine
• Leitgeb(1879)- by group of cells
• Mehra & Handoo(1953)- by group of cells in
A. erectus & A. himalayensis
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Development of Antheridium
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Development of Archegonium
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FERTILIZATION
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Morphology of Sporophyte
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Detailed structure of Sporophyte
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Development of Sporophyte
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Structure of Sporophyte
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Spore germination
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Life cycle of Anthoceros