MORGAN STANLEY Rocky Shun Ho Zhengyu Lu Nantaka Vongpiyabovorn Jingxin Wu Zhe Wu.
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Transcript of MORGAN STANLEY Rocky Shun Ho Zhengyu Lu Nantaka Vongpiyabovorn Jingxin Wu Zhe Wu.
MORGAN STANLEY
Rocky Shun Ho
Zhengyu Lu
Nantaka Vongpiyabovorn
Jingxin Wu
Zhe Wu
Morgan Stanley
• Formed on September 16, 1935• Formed by J.P Morgan & Co. employees
• Henry S. Morgan
• Harold Stanley
• 1942: Join the New York Stock Exchange• US $779 billion as assets
Expansion
Achievement
Community
Global Office
Operates in 36 countries, over 600 offices and a workforce of over 60,000
Headquartered in New York City, US
Operates in 36 countries around the world, with over 600 offices and a workforce of over 60,000
Balance Sheet
Balance Sheet
Asset Level Evaluation
Decompose Assets to Different Levels
Income Statement
Income Statement
Cash Flow Statement
Cash Flow Statement
Three Core BusinessesInstitutional Securities
Capital raising
Financial advisory services•Mergers and acquisitions•Restructurings•Real estate•Project finance
Corporate lending
Sales, trading, financing and market-making activities•In equity and fixed income securities•Related products•Foreign exchange•commodities
Benchmark indices and Risk management analytics
Investment activities
Global Wealth Management Group
Brokerage and investment advisory services•Investment alternatives
Financial and wealth planning services
Annuity and other insurance products
Credit and other lending products
Cash management services
Retirement services
Trust and fiduciary services
Asset Management
Global asset management products and services•Equity•Fixed income•Alternative investments•Hedge funds•Funds of funds•Merchant banking•Real estate•Private equity •Infrastructure
Investment activities
5-Year Net Annual Revenue
Business Mix 2008 & 2009
Business Segment in 10-K
Industries
• Large-Market Investment Banking• Financial Services• Asset Management• Institutional Asset Management• Retail Asset Management• Investment Banking
2008: MS and Financial Crisis
2008: MS and Financial Crisis
2008: MS and Financial Crisis
2008: MS and Financial Crisis
2008: MS and Financial Crisis
Risk Management Philosophy
Based on the following principles• Comprehensiveness
• Independence
• Accountability
• Defined risk
• Tolerance
• Transparency
Risk Governance Structure
Board of DirectorsAudit Committee and the Risk Committee of the BoardSenior management oversight (including the Chief Executive
Officer, the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Legal Officer and the Chief Compliance Officer)
Internal Audit DepartmentIndependent risk management functions (including the Market
Risk Department, Credit Risk Management, the Corporate Treasury Department and the Operational Risk Department)
Company control groups (including the Human Resources Department, the Legal and Compliance Division, the Tax Department and the Financial Control Group)
Risk Committee
Oversees• Risk governance structure
• Risk management and risk assessment guidelines and policies regarding market, credit and liquidity and funding risk
• Risk tolerance
• Performance of the Chief Risk Officer
Types of Risks
Operational risk• Risk of losses arising from insufficient controls on
people, resources, and processes and external factors such as compliance risk
Legal/Regulatory risk• Risk of losses in fines, penalties, damages resulting
from noncompliance and legal actions
Credit risk• Risk of default from borrowers
Types of Risks
Liquidity and funding risk• Risk of difficulty in accessing capital markets, inability
to liquidate assets in a timely manner, and threats to going concern in satisfying financial obligations
Market risk• Risk of losses arising from changes in market prices,
rates, volatility, and correlations
Types of Risks
Competitive environment risk• Risks from competition
International risk• Risks of losses from global operation
Acquisition risk• Risk of losses from acquisitions, minority stakes,
forming joint ventures, and strategic alliances
Operating Risk
Sources of risk• Increasingly complex and large volume of transactions
processed in various markets and currencies
• Internal risks from employees and control systems, and external risks from financial intermediaries and other third parties
• Terrorist activities, diseases, and natural disasters contingency planning
Operating Risk Management
Operational risk Oversight Committee• Chaired by CRO, provides oversight of operational
riskOperational risk manager
• Monitors, measures, analyzes and reports on operational risk
• Independent of business segmentsBusiness Manager
• Maintain processes and controls designed to manage operational risk
Operating Risk Management
Business Continuity Management• Contingency planning to ensure continuity of
operations in case of disaster
External vendors• Risk managed through service level, contractual
agreements, service and quality reviews
Legal Risk
Extensive supervision from the Fed and regulatory agencies• Possibly stricter capital requirements and leverage
limits coming as soon 2010
Risk related to commodities activities• Engages in production, storage, and transportation of
several commodities including metals, agricultural and energy products
• Contamination may create liability even if MS is not at fault
Legal Risk
Fiscal and monetary policy• Various policies from central banks have effect on
cost of funds for lending, capital raising and investment activities
Conflict of interests• Can result in enforcement by governing agencies• Can result in public scrutiny or loss of business
Estimation errors• For legal proceedings which involve substantial
stake and are in early stages, costs are hard to estimate
Legal Risk Management
Legal and Compliance Division• “Develops various procedures addressing issues such
as regulatory capital requirements, sales and trading practices, new products, potential conflicts of interest, structured transactions, use and safekeeping of customer funds and securities, credit granting, money laundering, privacy and recordkeeping”
Credit Risk Institutional Securities Activities
Corporate lending• Relationship-driven – expand business relationships
• Event driven – lending commitments for events such as acquisition and mergers by clients
Securitized products• Structuring, underwriting, and trading collateralized
securities
• Risk borrower not performing according to agreement and devaluation of collateral
Credit Risk Institutional Securities Activities
Derivate contracts• Dealer in OTC derivatives
• “Generally represent future commitments to swap interest payment streams, exchange currencies, or purchase or sell commodities and other financial instruments on specific terms at specified future dates”
Credit Risk Global Wealth Management Group Activities
Commercial Lending• Working capital lines of credit, revolving lines of credit,
standby letters of credit, term loans and commercial real estate mortgages
• Involves the use of independent credit agencies
Margin Lending• Reviews amount of the loan, the intended purpose, the
degree of leverage being employed in the account
Credit Risk Global Wealth Management Group Activities
Consumer Lending• Mortgages, HELOC
• Evaluation of capacity and willingness to pay• FICO scores, debt ratios, borrower’s reserves
Credit Risk Management
Credit Risk Management is responsible for• Evaluating, monitoring and controlling credit risk for
each business segment
• Ensuring transparency of material credit risks, compliance with established limits, approving material extensions of credit, and communicating with senior management regarding risk concerns
Analyzing Credit Risk
Transactions and creditworthiness of borrowers reviewed regularly
At three levels: transaction, counterparty and portfolio
Produces credit ratings similar to external services• BB+ below considered non-investment
grade
Analyzing Credit Risk
Risk Mitigation
Through management of key risk elements such as size, seniority and collateral
Sell or assign lending commitments to other financial institutions
Netting agreements to offset obligations in derivate trading
Exposure by Country
Exposure by Industry
Regulation: Basel II Accord
• The First Pillar: Minimum Capital Requirements• Maintain three major risks: Credit Risk, Operational
Risk, Market Risk
• Minimum Capital Requirement: (risk weighted) 8%
• The Second Pillar: Supervisory Review• Assist the first pillar with regulatory responses• Deals with liquidity risk and other risks
• The Third Pillar: Market Discipline• Market disclosure
Basel & Morgan Stanley
• Transferred to Financial Holding Company since 2008
• Capital Standard: • Maintain a total capital ratio of 10%, minimum Tier 1
capital ratio is 6%
• Currently comply to Basel I, will adjust to Basel II
Morgan Stanley-Capital Ratio
Economic Capital-Function
• Estimate the amount of equity capital required to support the business over a wide range of market environments while simultaneously satisfying regulatory, rating agency and investor requirements
• Continue to evolve over time in response to changes in in business and regulatory environment and to enhance modeling technique
• Assign to each business segment and sub-allocate to product lines
• Align equity capital with risks in business segments to evaluate return on a risk-adjusted basis
Economic Capital-Calculation
• Regulatory Capital + Additional Capital for Stress Losses
• Stress losses include market, credit, business, and operational risks
• Economic Capital = Tier 1 Capital + Unallocated Capital
Regulatory Capital vs. Economic Capital
Economic Capital-Components
Economic Capital vs. Risks
Stress Losses
• Stress losses are defined at the 90% to 95% confidence interval in order to capture the worst potential losses in 10 to 20 years
• Types of stress losses: • Market: systematic, idiosyncratic (unsystematic) or
random risk• Credit: counterparty defaults• Business: earnings volatility• Operational: legal risk
Risk Factors
• Liquidity Risk: risk that is unable to finance its operations due to a loss of access to the capital markets or difficulty in liquidating its assets • Inability to raise fund in the L.T. or S.T. debt capital market /
equity capital market• Inability to access the secured lending markets • Inability to control the disruption of the financial market or
negative view to the industry• Depends on credit rating • Depends on payment from subsidiaries • Depends on U.S. and international market and economic
conditions
Liquidity
Note explanation
Liquidity
Equity Capital Management Policy
• Theory: Based on business opportunities, capital availability, and rates of return, internal capital policies, regulatory requirements, rating agency guidelines, changing in business needs
• Actions: Repurchase $4.4 billion out of $6 billion
Economic Capital
Liquidity Risk Management Policy
• Objects: Support the successful execution of the Company’s business strategies while ensuring sufficient liquidity through the business cycle and during periods of stressed market condition
• Approaches• Contingency Funding Plan
• Liquidity Reserves
Funding Management Policy
• Designed to provide for financings that are executed in a manner that reduces the risk disruption to the company’s operations
• Types of holdings • Secured Financing / Unsecured Financing
• Short-Term Borrowings
• Deposits
• Long-Term Borrowings
Credit Ratings
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements with Unconsolidated Entities
• Institutional Securities Activities: Commercial and residential mortgage loans, CMOs, corporate bonds and loans, municipal bonds
• Guarantees:
Commitment and Contractual Obligations
• Market Risk: risk that a change in the level of one or more market prices or other market factors, which result in losses for a position or portfolio • Affected by market fluctuations and by economic and
other (political, availability and cost of capital, liquidity of global markets, level of volatility of prices…)
• Affected by the volatile and illiquid market conditions
• Affected by holding large and concentrated position
• Affected by the real estate sector
Risk Factors
Market Risk
• Actions• Monitor the Company’s risk against limits on aggregate
risk exposures • Perform a variety of risk analyses• Routinely report risk summaries • Maintain the Company’s VaR system
• Approaches• Diversification of risk exposures• Hedging • VaR and Sensitivity Analysis
VaR: Benefits and Shortcomings
• Benefits:• Takes into account linear and nonlinear risk exposures
• Capture correlation risks and basis risks / capture name specific risk (Monte Carlo Simulation)
• Response to the change in the composition of trading portfolios
• Estimate aggregate risk exposures
• Reflect risk reduction due to diversification & hedging
• Limitations:• Past changes in market may not yield accurate
prediction
• Changes in portfolio regarding market movement may differ from the model
• Time horizon not capture market risk position
• Historical data may only provide limited insight
• Future risk depends on future position
VaR: Benefits and Shortcomings
VaR 2009
The VaR increases for 2009 were primarily driven by increased exposure to interest rate and credit sensitive products across the trading and non-trading portfolios. The trading portfolio also experienced increases due to increased equity and foreign currency exposure. Additionally, the Company’s VaR for 2009 was affected by higher market volatilities over the period.
VaR Statistics
The company experienced daily trading losses on 38 days
Competitive Environment Risk
• strong competition from other financial services firms
• Competition for qualified employee • Automated trading markets may adversely affect
business and may increase competition
International Risk
• Subject to numerous political, economic, legal, operational, franchise and other risks
• In many countries, the laws and regulations applicable to the securities and financial services are uncertain, it is difficult to determine the exact requirements of local laws in every market.
• Various emerging market countries have experienced severe political, economic and financial disruptions, including significant devaluations of currencies, capital and currency exchange controls and high rates of inflation
Acquisition Risk
• unable to fully capture the expected value from acquisitions, joint ventures, minority stakes and strategic alliances
• need to combine accounting and data processing systems and management controls and to integrate relationships with clients and business partners
• conflicts or disagreements between MS and its joint venture partners may negatively impact the benefits
Morgan Stanley’s Position in the Derivatives Market
• Morgan Stanley is a trader, sale and user in the derivatives market
• Trading revenue takes big part in the total non-interest revenue
Trading and Selling Position
• Morgan Stanley conducts sales, trading, financing and market-making activities on securities and futures exchanges and in over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets around the world
• Equity Trading: including equity swaps, options, warrants and futures
• Interest Rates, Credit and Currencies: in listed futures and OTC swaps, forwards, options and other derivatives referencing, among other things, interest rates, currencies
• Commodities: including metals (base and precious), agricultural products, crude oil, oil products, natural gas, electric power, emission credits, coal, freight, liquefied natural gas and related products and indices
Trading and Selling Position
OTC Derivative ProductsFinancial Instruments Owned
OTC Derivative ProductsFinancial Instruments Sold, Not Yet
Using of Derivatives
• Morgan Stanley purchase or sale of positions in related securities and financial instruments, including a variety of derivative products (e.g., futures, forwards, swaps and options) to maintain a portfolio that the Company believes is well-diversified in the aggregate with respect to market risk factors
Using of Derivatives
• the Company enters into a variety of derivative contracts related to financial instruments and commodities for hedging purpose
• use of currency forward contracts or the spot market in various hedging transactions related to net assets, revenues, expenses or cash flows to reduce the risk from inflation and changes in FX rate
• the Company uses credit derivatives to manage its exposure to residential and commercial mortgage loans and corporate lending exposures during the periods presented
Using of Derivatives
• A credit derivative is a contract between a seller (guarantor) and buyer (beneficiary) of protection against the risk of a credit event occurring on a set of debt obligations issued by a specified reference entity. If a credit event occurs, the guarantor is required to make payment to the beneficiary based on the terms of the credit derivative contract.
Using of Derivatives
Hedge Accounting
• The Company applies hedge accounting using various derivative financial instruments and non-U.S. dollar denominated debt used to hedge interest rate and foreign exchange risk arising from assets and liabilities not held at fair value as part of asset and liability management and foreign currency exposure management.
• The Company’s hedges are designated and qualify for accounting purposes as one of the following types : fair value hedges and net investment hedges
Hedge Accounting
• Fair Value Hedges—Interest Rate Risk. The Company’s designated fair value hedges consisted primarily of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of changes in the benchmark interest rate of fixed rate senior long-term borrowings.
• Net Investment Hedges. The Company may utilize forward foreign exchange contracts and non-U.S. dollar denominated debt to manage the currency exposure relating to its net investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency operations.
Hedge Accounting
• The following tables summarize the gains or losses reported on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as accounting hedges
Hedge Accounting
• The following tables summarize the gains or losses reported on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as net investment hedges
Hedge Accounting
• The following tables summarize the gains or losses reported on derivative instruments NOT designated as accounting hedges
Hedge funds
• Investments in hedge funds may be subject to initial period lock-up restrictions or gates. A hedge fund lock-up provision is a provision which provides that, during a certain initial period, an investor may not make a withdrawal from the fund. The purpose of a gate is to restrict the level of redemptions that an investor in a particular hedge fund can demand on any redemption date.
Hedge funds
Compensation Philosophy
• 2008: the most challenging years ever experienced by the financial industry
• Reduction of Compensation:
-Three most senior officers—Chairman and CEO and Co-Presidents forgo a bonus for fiscal 2008
-Compensation for the 14 members of the Company’s Operating Committee was reduced by an average of 75% from 2007, and 2008 compensation for the 35 members of the Management Committee was reduced by an average of 65% from 2007
-Bonus compensation for other employees reduced by approximately 50% from 2007
Executives Compensation• Compensation Objectives and Strategy
Variable incentive compensation that is clearly and appropriately linked to Company and individual performance
A greater percentage of incentive compensation is delivered as long-term awards rather than cash bonus based on annual results.
The Company competes for talent globally with commercial banks, brokerage firms, hedge funds and other companies offering financial services. The CMDS making sure executive compensation programs are competitive across the industry.
Executives Compensation
Employee Stock-Based Compensation
• The accounting guidance for stock-based compensation requires measurement of compensation cost for equity based awards at fair value and recognition of compensation cost over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures
Deferred Stock Awards
Compensation Awards
Thank You