Morgan McCullough - Fabrication of Electrodes from ...
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Morgan McCullough and Maryam Haddad, Ph.D. Department of Chemical Engineering ABSTRACT In less than a decade 50% of the world population will face water scarcity. Nevertheless, most human activities that consume water produce wastewater; therefore, identifying sustainable and efficient paths to safely treat saline water and reclaim wastewater is paramount. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging eco-efficient process where water moves through a spacer channel with porous electrodes on each side. When the electrical field is applied, the electrodes capture the charged salt ions and results in a salt free stream. The aim of this research project is to fabricate porous electrodes using recovered carbon fiber from industrial solid waste. The goal is to identify the most green and efficient method to fabricate electrodes from recycled carbon fibers for water desalination and wastewater treatment via CDI. INTRODUCTION PROPOSED MATERIALS AND METHODS Phase I: Fabricate electrodes from recycled carbon fiber SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES Making recycled carbon fiber suitable for fabrication of porous electrodes Electrodes are not ion selective, for the use wastewater treatment modifications to other electrochemical properties may be necessary, as shown below REFERENCES 1. Zhao, R. Theory and Operation of Capacitive Deionization Systems. 2013. Wageningen University, PhD dissertation. 2. Paranthaman, M., Naskar, A.K., Tsouris, C., Ivancevic, M.R. “Carbon Electrodes Based Capacitive Deionization for the Desalination of Water.” US2019/0225513A1. U.S. Patent Application Publication. Jul 25, 2019. 3. Pickering, S., Liu, Z., Turner, T., Wong, K., “Applications for carbon fibre recovered from composites.” 2016. 10.1088/1757-899X/139/1/012005. 4. Porada, S. Preparation of Carbon Electrodes for Water Desalination Using Capacitive Deionization. 2013. Wroclaw University of Technology, PhD dissertation. FUTURE WORK Focus on CDI application in wastewater reclamation Possibility of using membrane CDI to save more energy due to more efficient charge adsorption ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers; UL1GM118979; TL4GM118980; RL5GM118978. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Fabrication of electrodes from recycled carbon fiber for water desalination and wastewater treatment via capacitive deionization Produced by pyrolysis An activation step might be necessary to enhance physical properties of the fibers Optimization of carbon to binder ratio and operating temperature Measurement of electrode porosity, conductivity and adsorption capacity Phase II: Testing the performance of the electrode in water desalination process Getty Images https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/439877/Iranian-product-cuts- agricultural-water-usage-by-half https://www.saracoolingtower.com/blog/cooling- tower.html Water scarcity is a national and international growing concern. (1) Desalination of saline water resources and wastewater reclamation are processing solutions to compensate the water shortage. A low-cost and eco- friendly technology, like CDI, can consume less energy than conventional desalination methods like reverse osmosis desalination. (2) https://newsela.com/read/natgeo-freshwater-resources/id/50453 Operational Conditions Feed: Synthetic NaCl solution mimicking saltwater Room temperature Batch mode Monitoring Temperature Conductivity pH Measurements Electrodes' integrity and lifetime Calculation of degree of desalination Energy consumption Recovered Carbon Fiber Improve Properties of Carbon Fiber Electrode Formulation Porous Carbon Electrodes - - Porous Carbon Electrode Porous Carbon Electrode + + Current Collector Current Collector Saline Water Fresh Water Cations Anions CDI Cell Cell Voltage electrical current Selective Membrane - - - - - - - - - - Anion 1 - Anion 2
Transcript of Morgan McCullough - Fabrication of Electrodes from ...
Morgan McCullough and Maryam Haddad, Ph.D.Department of Chemical Engineering
ABSTRACTIn less than a decade 50% of the world populationwill face water scarcity. Nevertheless, most humanactivities that consume water produce wastewater;therefore, identifying sustainable and efficient pathsto safely treat saline water and reclaim wastewateris paramount. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is anemerging eco-efficient process where water movesthrough a spacer channel with porous electrodes oneach side. When the electrical field is applied, theelectrodes capture the charged salt ions and results ina salt free stream. The aim of this research project is tofabricate porous electrodes using recovered carbonfiber from industrial solid waste. The goal is to identifythe most green and efficient method to fabricateelectrodes from recycled carbon fibers for waterdesalination and wastewater treatment via CDI.
INTRODUCTION
PROPOSED MATERIALS AND METHODS
Phase I: Fabricate electrodes from recycled carbon fiber
SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES
Making recycled carbon fiber suitable for fabrication of porous electrodes
Electrodes are not ion selective, for the use wastewater treatment modifications to other electrochemical properties may be necessary, as shown below
REFERENCES1. Zhao, R. Theory and Operation of Capacitive Deionization
Systems. 2013. Wageningen University, PhD dissertation.
2. Paranthaman, M., Naskar, A.K., Tsouris, C., Ivancevic, M.R. “Carbon Electrodes Based Capacitive Deionization for the Desalination of Water.” US2019/0225513A1. U.S. Patent Application Publication. Jul 25, 2019.
3. Pickering, S., Liu, Z., Turner, T., Wong, K., “Applications for carbon fibre recovered from composites.” 2016. 10.1088/1757-899X/139/1/012005.
4. Porada, S. Preparation of Carbon Electrodes for Water Desalination Using Capacitive Deionization. 2013. Wroclaw University of Technology, PhD dissertation.
FUTURE WORK
Focus on CDI application in wastewater reclamation
Possibility of using membrane CDI to save more energy due to more efficient charge adsorption
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was supported by the National Institute of General MedicalSciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers;UL1GM118979; TL4GM118980; RL5GM118978. The content is solely theresponsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the officialviews of the National Institutes of Health.
Fabrication of electrodes from recycled carbon fiber for water desalination and wastewater treatment via capacitive deionization
Produced by pyrolysis
An activation step might be necessary to enhance physical properties of the fibers
Optimization of carbon to binder ratio and operating temperature
Measurement of electrode porosity, conductivity and adsorption capacity
Phase II: Testing the performance of the electrode in water desalination process
Getty Imageshttps://www.tehrantimes.com/news/439877/Iranian-product-cuts-agricultural-water-usage-by-half
https://www.saracoolingtower.com/blog/cooling-tower.html
Water scarcity is a national and international growing concern.(1)
Desalination of saline water resources and wastewater reclamation are processing solutions to compensate the water shortage.
A low-cost and eco-friendly technology, like CDI, can consume less energy than conventional desalination methods like reverse osmosis desalination. (2)https://newsela.com/read/natgeo-freshwater-resources/id/50453
Operational ConditionsFeed: Synthetic NaCl solution mimicking saltwaterRoom temperatureBatch mode
MonitoringTemperatureConductivitypH
MeasurementsElectrodes' integrity and lifetimeCalculation of degree of desalinationEnergy consumption
Recovered CarbonFiber
ImproveProperties ofCarbon Fiber
ElectrodeFormulation
Porous CarbonElectrodes
- -Porous Carbon Electrode
Porous Carbon Electrode+ +
Current Collector
Current Collector
Saline Water Fresh Water
Cations Anions
CDI Cell
Cell Voltage
elect
rical
curre
nt
Selective Membrane
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- Anion 1
- Anion 2
