More about matter

Matter is composed of small particles (atoms, ions, molecules)

These particles are in constant, random motion

Particles are constantly colliding with each other.

What are the 4 states or phases of matter?

SolidLiquidGasPlasma

Based on the way particles of matter move, behave and are attracted to each other.

About Solids Definite shape and definite volume Particles/Molecules closely packed together Strong attractive force between particles Particles constantly vibrating Particles in a fixed position LOW energy of particles Example: ________________

About Liquids No definite shape but has definite volume Particles slide past each other Particles are attracted to each other so they are in contact constantly Can be poured and take the shape of the

container with a flat surface Moderate energy Examples: __________

About gases No definite shape and no definite volume Particles are not in contact with each other; Particles move quickly; Particles take the shape of the container and fill

the container, no matter how large; Volume can be affected/changed by pressure and temperature change High energy Examples: _______________

About plasma Consists of Positively (+) and Negatively (-)

charged particles; Most common state of matter Found at extremely high temperature such as

found in the stars and lighting; Found on Earth in lightning bolts, neon and

fluorescent light bulbs. When particles collide, the electrons are stripped

away.

How does TEMPERATURE affect the volume of a GAS? When a gas undergoes a temperature

change, the volume changes; If you increase the temperature – you

increase the volume of a gas If you decrease the temperature – you

decrease the volume of a gas

This is CHARLES’ law of gases.

How does PRESSURE affect the volume of a gas? When a gas undergoes a pressure change,

the volume of the gas changes. If you increase the pressure on a gas, the

volume decreases; If you decrease the pressure on a gas, the

volume increases.

This is BOYLES’ law of gases.

How does the graph of Boyle’s law appear?

Look at the graph on the last slide Which variable is on the x-axis? _____ Which variable is on the y-axis? _____ When the pressure increases, what

happens to the volume of the gas? _____ What type of proportion is this? ________

Look at this animation of Boyle’s law

http://physics.gac.edu/~chuck/PRENHALL/Chapter%2017/AABXTCZ0.html

How is ENERGY involved in the states of

matter?

                                                        

Temperature and phase change

                                                                 

All matter can move from one state to another.

What is a phase diagram?

Identify the names of the phase changes

Change from solid into liquid _____________ Change from liquid into solid _____________Change from liquid into gas _____________Change from gas into liquid _____________

Change from solid to gas (no liquid) ____________

Identify the state at each “letter”.

What happens to temperature during phase

change and why?

The temperature is CONSTANT during phase change.

The heat supplied is used to pull molecules apart.

Heat is added but temperature does not change.

Additional information

What is the usual Boiling Point of water? ___ C °What is the Melting/Freezing Point? ___ C°Would you add or remove heat if you Melt ice __________ Freeze water __________ Boil water __________ Condense steam __________

New vocabulary terms

Adding heat is called ”___thermic”

Removing heat is called “___thermic”