MONTHLY REPORT on the LABOR FORCE VoL 12 N U · SUMMARY EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENTS,...

EMPLOYMENT and EARNINGS M»yand

MONTHLY REPORT on the LABOR FORCE V o L 12 N ° ' U

Joseph M. Finerty, Editor

CONTENTSPage

Summary Employment and Unemployment Developments, April 1966. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0» 3Recent Labor Force Developments Contrasted With The Ear ly 1950' so 0 0 . . . „ 0 . . . o o 0 0 o . . o . . . „ . . o . „. 0 . o . . o „ 6C h a r t s . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . O o . o . . . . . . . . . . . . o . . . o . . . . . . . . . . o . , . . » o . 18S t a t i s t i c a l T a b l e s . „ „ . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . • . • . • . • • • . • . • • . . • . . . » » « » . 0 . » . • . . . • • . • . , « . • . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . « • «« 2 5S p e c i a l S e c t i o n :

S t a t e a n d A r e a A n n u a l A v e r a g e s , 1 9 6 3 - 6 5 o „ . . . . o . . . 0 0 0 „ . . . 0 . 0 . o 0 . . „ o 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 1A r e a D e f i n i t i o n s . . « . . . . . 0 • • . . . . . . . . . « . . . . • . . . . . . « < . . 0 « . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 0

T e c h n i c a l N o t e o „ , 1 2 3

STATISTICAL TABLES

Section A-Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment - Household data

A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, 1929 to date 25A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex, 1940, 1944, and 1947 to date 26A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex and color . . . . 27A- 4: Full- and par t - t ime status of the civilian labor force, by age and sex 27

A- 5: Unemployed persons , by age and sex , 28A- 6: Unemployed-persons, by industry of las t job , 28A- 7: Unemployed persons , by occupation of last job 29A- 8: Unemployed persons , by mar i ta l status and household relationship 29

A- 9: Employment status of persons 16-21 years of age in the noninstitutional population, by color 29A- 10: Unemployed persons , by duration of unemployment 30A- 11: Long- term unemployed by industry and occupation of last job 1 30A-12: Long- te rm unemployed, by sex, age, color, and mar i ta l status 31A- 13: Unemployed persons looking for full- or par t - t ime work, by age and sex 31A- 14: Total labor force, by age and sex 32

A- 1 5: Employed persons , by age and sex .•. 0 . , . 32A- 16: Employed persons , by c lass of worker and occupation 3 2A- 17: Employed persons , by hours worked 33A- 18: Employed pe r sons , by full- or par t - t ime status 33•A- 19: Employed persons with a job, but not at work, by reason not working and pay status 33A-20: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, by age and sex 34

A-21 : Nonagricultural wage and salary worke r s , by full- or par t - t ime s tatus , hours of work, and industry 34A-22: Pe r sons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or par t - t ime status, hours of work, and occupation 35A-23: Occupation group of employed pe r sons , by sex and color 35A-24: Persons at work in nonagricultural indust r ies , by full-time and par t - t ime status, hours of work, and

selected character is t ics

CONTENTS - Continued

Section B-Payroll Employment, by Industry - Establishment data

NationalB-1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date 39B-2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 40B-3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries 1 47B-4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date, monthly data

seasonally adjusted 53B- 5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 54B-6: Production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 55

State and AreaB-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division 56

Section C-Industry Hours and Earnings - Establishment data

NationalC- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, 1919 to date

SUMMARY EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENTDEVELOPMENTS, APRIL 1966

The Nation1 s job situation showed continued strength between March and April.There was further improvement in the unemployment picture for adult men in April,while the changes for women and teenagers were mainly seasonal. The unemploymentrate was 3. 7 percent in April, continuing the gradual but persistent decline evidentsince the 40 8 percent level of April 1965.

The number of employees on nonfarm payrolls increased by 650, 000 to 62. 5million in April. Although the rise in payroll employment was no greater than seasonalexpectations, it followed six months of unusually rapid expansion. Nonfarm employ-ment was up by 3 million from a year ago, with manufacturing industries accountingfor one-third of the increase.

Unemployment

At 2. 8 million in April, unemployment was down 200, 000 from a month earlierand 7 50, 000 below the April 1965 level. About 20 3 million unemployed persons wereseeking full-time work in April, while 500, 000 were looking for part-time jobs.

The number of unemployed adult men dropped by 300, 000 (100, 000 more thanseasonal) between March and April, and their unemployment rate fell to 2. 4 percent,down from the 20 6 percent level at which it had remained since December 1965. Thiswas the lowest jobless rate for adult men since September 1953. The rate for marriedmen was 1. 8 percent in April, the fifth consecutive month that this important rate hasbeen below 2 percent.

The jobless rate for adult women continued at 3. 6 percent, equal to the lowsrecorded during the 1955-57 expansion. The teenage rate has remained between 11and 12 percent during the first 4 months of 1966O While this was the lowest teenagerate since late 1957, it was still triple the total rate.

Long-term unemployment of 15 weeks or more--at 800, 000 or 0. 8 percent of thelabor force--showed little change between March and April, but was down 250, 000over the year.

Unemployment among nonwhite workers totaled 550, 000 in April, and their job-less rate was 7O 0 percent, continuing at about twice the rate for white workers.

Insured Unemployment

Insured unemployment under State programs was down by 300, 000 over the monthto about 1. 1 million--a somewhat greater-than-seasonal decline. Except for Delaware,reductions occurred in all States, including those of more than 20, 000 in California,New York, and Pennsylvania.

The rate of insured unemployment (not seasonally adjusted) dropped from 3. 1percent in mid-March to 2. 4 percent in mid-April--the lowest April rate since the endof World War II. Seasonally adjusted, the insured jobless rate was down to 2. 2 per-cent--the lowest for any month since November 1952. Among the States, the highestunadjusted rates were reported by Alaska (14o0), North Dakota (5.4), Nevada (4.4),.California (4.3), and Montana (4.0). In addition to California, three large States hadrates above the national average--New Jersey (3O6), New York (3.4), and Massachu-setts (3O 1). Rates were below lo 5 percent in 13 States including such large States asIllinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Texas.

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Recent Weekly State Insured Unemployment Data(In thousands)

Week ended

1966

March 12March 19. .....March 26April 2April 9April 16April 23April 30

Current

Initialclaims

177162160161196161157153

Insuredunemployment

1,3761,2911,2241,1531,1121,0671,015

Rate

3.12.92.82.62.52.42.3

Year earlier

Initialclaims

222209213227262215203197

Insuredunemployment

1,7541,6981,6531,5991,5521,4991,432

Rate(Pet.)

4.14.03.93.73.63.53.3

Total Employment and Labor Force

At 73. 1 million, total employment was up 1. 1 million from March0 There wasa 400, 000 pickup in agricultural employment, as the farm season got under way, anda 700,000 advance in nonagricultural employment,. Both increases exceeded seasonalexpectations.

Included in April1 s employment total were 1. 5 million nonagricultural workerson part time for economic reasons. The number of these involuntary part-time workerswas down 300, 000 over the year and at its lowest seasonally adjusted level since theseries began in May 1955. At the same time, there has been a substantial pickup involuntary part-time employment, reflecting employers1 willingness to hire adult womenand teenagers on a part-time basis.

The total labor force, at 78. 9 million in April, was up 1. 6 million from a yearearlier. The Armed Forces have increased by about 300,000 since April 1965, whilethe civilian labor force expanded by 1O3 million.

Industry Employment Trends

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 650, 000 (about the expected seasonal in-crease) to 62. 5 million in April. However, between 50, 000 and 100, 000 persons wereoff payrolls in April because of strikes in mining and construction. Since April 1965,the number of employees on nonfarm payrolls has expanded by nearly 3 million,continuing the very substantial year-to-year gains recorded in the first quarter of 1966.

After seasonal adjustment, employment rose in manufacturing and government,declined in construction, trade, and mining, and showed little change in the other sectors.The seasonally adjusted rise in manufacturing employment (60,000) was concentratedin durable goods, particularly electrical equipment and transportation equipment.Although employment in electrical equipment has been moving up strongly in the pastyear, the April increase (3 5, 000 seasonally adjusted) was unusually large becauseapproximately 15, 000 workers returned to work from strike.

Production worker employment in manufacturing (seasonally adjusted) topped 14million in April, but was still nearly 300, 000 below the peak recorded during the Koreanconflict.


Employment in contract construction rose by almost 200, 000 to 3. 2 million inAprilo The increase was less than usual for this time of year because of scatteredstrikes and bad weathero Over the year, construction employment was up by 200, 000oMining employment was also held down in April because of a strike which affectedapproximately 40, 000 bituminous coal miners0

One million of the over-the-year gain in payroll employment took place inmanufacturing. Four industries--fabricated metals, machinery, electrical equipment,and transportation equipment--together accounted for 625, 000 of the manufacturingrise0

Since April 1965, government employment has increased by 750, 000--four-fifthsat the State and local level* Employment in trade and miscellaneous services advancedby 400, 000 and 450, 000, respectively, in the past year.

Factory Hours and Earnings

The factory workweek fell seasonally by 0, 2 hour to 41. 2 hours in April. Afterseasonal adjustment, the workweek has remained high, but relatively stable during1966. Overtime hours, seasonally adjusted, continued at 4. 2 hours for the thirdconsecutive month. Hours were especially high in the durable goods industries, in-cluding ordnance, fabricated metals, machinery, transportation equipment, instruments,and stone, clay, and glass.

Average hourly earnings of factory workers moved up 1 cent to $2.69--9 centshigher than a year ago and at a new alltime high. However, with the decline in theworkweek, average weekly earnings amounted to $110o83, down slightly from theMarch high of $110a9-5.


RECENT LABOR FORCE DEVELOPMENTS CONTRASTEDWITH THE EARLY I95O'S

lames R. Wetzel - Paul M. Ryscavage*

The Nation1 s employment situation showed further improvement in the firstquarter of 1966, reflecting the sustained pressure of increased aggregate demand anda steady advance toward full employment. Highlighting the improvement were stronggains in nonfarm payroll employment and a persistent decline in the Nation* s unem-ployment ratee

The increase in nonfarm payroll employment from a year earlier was the greatestsince the onset of the Korean war, continuing the accelerated growth which began inearly 1964O In the first quarter of 1966, manufacturing employment reached a newpeak of 180 4 million and factory production workers averaged their longest workweeksin over two decades, underscoring the particularly strong pickup in this sector. Atthe same time, evidence of inflationary pressures brought forth speculation that laborbottlenecks had virtually closed off the avenue to further expansion in real output. Insuch discussions, the current situation is typically related to developments during theKorean conflicto However, when recent labor force trends are juxtaposed with trendsof the early 19501 s, basic patterns reveal that additional room for expansion is stillavailable and that the labor force, in particular, is much better equipped than in theearly 1950' s to meet the combined needs of the Armed Forces and an expanding civil-ian economy.

Recent economic developments can be compared with trends of the early 19501 sin numerous respects. In each period, Gross National Product attained new alltimehighs; employment and unemployment were at their most favorable levels in manyyears; upward pressures on prices and wages were evident; and, the Nation was engagedin limited military conflicts. In many other respects, however, the current situationdiffers markedly. Since the close of the Korean conflict, the Nation1 s productive po-tential has increased sharply. Technological developments coupled with' substantialcapital accumulation, population growth, and a sharp rise in the skill level and edu-cational attainment of the labor force have created the world1 s most productive andadaptable economy. Moreover, the Nation1 s productive capacity is expected to expandat a rapid pace in 1966O The latest data on expenditures for new plant and equipmentshow an increase of 16 percent for 1965 and an anticipated rise of a slightly largermagnitude for 1966. Similarly, the labor force showed strong growth in 1965 and isexpected to increase by 1. 6 million in 1966.

Another factor to be assessed in comparing developments in these two periodsis the rate of change required to meet the increased demands put on the existing laborforce0 The manpower needs of the early 19 50* s were relatively larger and moreimmediate than the needs of the mid-I9601 s0 The urgent demands of the Korean con-flict brought sharp and immediate reductions in unemployment at a time when laborforce growth was restricted by the low birth rates of the depression* By late 1950, thecivilian labor force had clearly stopped growing and most avenues for further economicexpansion were blocked by the transition to a wartime economy0 In contrast, theNation1 s labor force in 1966 is not yet as fully employed as it was in 1952 and furthergrowth is expected in the year ahead.

*Of the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Bureau of LaborStatistic So


Recent employment gains have been of such magnitude as to dispel any notion ofa general labor shortage, yet some indications of a tight labor situation in some indus-tries and occupation groups were evident in early 1966O The employment gain for adultmales between 1965 and 1966 was below that of the comparable period between 1964and 1965O

l The gain in full-time employment, although sizable, was below that of ayear earlier. Blue-collar employment showed a very healthy rise over the year, butit was slightly below that of the 1964-1965 period. In large part, employment growthfor these categories is limited by the availability of adult men. Since labor forceparticipation rates for adult men are high and their unemployment has fallen to lowlevels, the potential expansion of full-time employment in blue-collar groups may belimited unless traditional barriers are reduced and women and teenagers can be drawninto themo

Although the upper limit on the number of adult men employed is evidently beingapproached, the labor force data show that adaptation to alternative supply sources isoccurring. Voluntary part-time employment moved up strongly as employers adjustedwork schedules to attract additional help. Similarly, many workers who were on parttime for economic reasons (such as slack work and unavailability of full-time work)are now on full-time schedules. More overtime was scheduled and workedo Moreover,continued improvement is evident in the job situation for disadvantaged workers0 Negroesaccounted for a greater than proportional share of the total employment gain over theyear, and their jobless rate wa& down by almost 2 percentage points; long-term unem-ployment was at its lowest first quarter level since 1957; and, the teenage jobless rate,which had held steady until the summer of 1965, continued its downward movement inearly 1966O Taken together, these developments clearly show a narrowing in the supplyof unutilized labor; however, the Nation is still far from the situation which charac-terized the Korean periodo

Labor Force Growth and Composition

The Nation1 s labor force has never been larger or more adequately educatedthan it is today0 Nearly 12 million persons were added to the labor force between 1952and 1965, bringing the total to a record level of 78O 4 million. Over roughly the sametime period, the median years of school completed by members of the labor force rosefrom 10.9 to 12. 2 yearso The proportion of the labor force accounted for by youngerworkers rose only slightly over the period; however, the number of young men aged18 to 24 rose by 2^2 million to 10 million. 2 Men in this age group who were not in theArmed Forces or the civilian labor force totaled 1.8 million in 1965--about double the1952 level. The bulk of these potential workers are currently in school but many willbe entering the labor force early in the summero

In the first quarter of 1966, the labor force averaged 77. 7 million, an increaseof 1, 450,000 from 1965 and 2O 6 million from 1964. Increases during the Korean con-flict amounted to 900,000 between 1951 and 1952 and to 2. 2 million from 1950 to 1952.In comparison with the Korean period, the total labor force is considerably larger, isgrowing at a faster pace (the total labor force did not change significantly between thefourth quarter of 1951 and early 1953), and is more highly educated. Moreover, asthe following section shows, the division of labor force growth between the ArmedForces and the civilian labor force was also considerably different in the two periods.

Unless otherwise specified, all rates cited are seasonally adjusted quarterlyaverages, while all levels are actual averages for the first quarter of selected years.

2The proportion of 14 to 24 year-olds to all persons in the labor force rose from19o 7 percent in 1952 to 210 4 percent in 1965. This proportion will increase sharplyover the next 4 years to 23O 6 percent in 1970o


Armed Forces. In terms of manpower utilization and requirements, the currentsituation differs markedly from that of the Korean period. At the height of the Koreanconflict, the Nation1 s Armed Forces totaled 30 6 million--more than twice their levelof early 1950 (see chart 1). The problems encountered in a doubling of the ArmedForces contributed substantially to the economic dislocations of the Korean period andwere partially responsible for inflationary pressures and the enactment of wage-pricecontrols. In the current situation, prices have risen much more slowly.

The Armed Forces averaged 20 7 million in 1965, with a scheduled rise to 3. 1million in 1967. In March, the Armed Forces numbered 3. 0 million; the total iscurrently expected to reach 3. 1 million by year-end and to stabilize at that level.

The Armed Forces accounted for 3.8 percent of the total labor force in early1966, while in early 1952 they accounted for 5.4 percent. Not only are a smallerproportion of the Nation1 s workers required for the Armed Forces, but the availablesupply of men is considerably larger than it was in the early 19501 s. In the firstquarter of 1966 for example, the number of young men aged 18 to 24 who were not inthe Armed Forces totaled 80 8 million. The comparable figures were 7. 3 million in1950 and 5. 6 million in 1952. 3

Civilian Labor Forceo Between the first quarters of 1950 and 1952, the civilianlabor force did not expand significantly. The absence of growth over this period wasdue to the surge in military needs combined with slow population increases. By con-trast, the civilian labor force increase between 1965 and 1966 totaled 1. 2 millionafter showing a similar gain in 1964-65.

During the Korean conflict, the number of men aged 20 and over in the civilianlabor force actually declined0 This deficit was made up by the entrance of women intothe labor forceo Among women, population growth was supplemented by increasedlabor force participation.

The recent economic expansion has not yet elicited a step-up in labor forceparticipation rates; rather the rates have tended to follow the long-term trends evidentsince the mid-19501 so On the basis of long-term trends, 1. 3 million persons wouldbe expected to enter the labor force in 1966. However, because of the favorableemployment situation (availability of jobs, higher earnings, and variable workweeks),another 300, 000 workers probably will be drawn into the labor force. While it isdifficult to predict the age-sex composition of this extra labor force growth, theexpectation is that the bulk of the rise will occur among women and young workers.

The substantial employment increases in 1964 and 1965 did not draw back intothe labor force any significant number of retired adult men0 About 97 percent of themen aged 25-54 are in the labor market so there is little room for labor force expan-sion in this age groupo Furthermore, this potential labor supply is limited by the factthat the population aged 25-44 is not growing in the I9601 s because of the low birthrates during the depression and the early years of World War II. The number of 25-34year-olds has actually declined in recent years. The labor reserve of adult men in theprime working years is extremely small; the number not in the labor force at all wasabout 300, 000 in the first quarter of 1966 (excluding those in school or unable to work).Even if adult men were participating in the labor force at the same high rate as in 1956,there would be only about 280, 000 additional male workers in the 25-54 year age group.

3These figures include men in the civilian labor force as well as those in schoolor not in the labor force for other reasonso Presumably, the proportion who had ful-filled their military duty was larger in 1966 than in the earlier years.


Chart 1.

TRENDS IN MAJOR ECONOMIC INDICATORSQuarterly Averages, 1950-52 and 1964-66

(Seasonally adjusted)

Millions85.0

80.0

75.0

70.0

65.0

60.0

Millions85.0

Civilian Labor Force

' 1950-52

I I I I I 5.5.0 55.0

Millions85.01

80.0 80.0

75.0 75.0

70.0 70.0

65.0 65.0

60.0 60.0

Total Labor Force

Millions8570

80.0

I I I I 1 55.0

75.0

70.0

65.0

60.0

Millions75.0 I

70.0

65.0

60.0

50.0

45.0

Millions75.0

Nonagricultural Employment

- L _ _ J _ L _ L J 45.0

65.0

60.0

55.0

Millions5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

Armed Force

Millions1 5.0

4.0

I I I I I n

3.0

2.0

1.0

Millions5.0

4.0

Millions INDEX (1957-59=100)

2.0

1.0

Unemployment

J j o

5.0 120

100

90

1.0 80

I95O 1951 1952

1964 1965 1966

70

INDEX (1957-59=100)120

•o o - °

1950-52

* Not sea

- ~

sonally adjusted.

1 1 1 1

90

80

I95O 1951 1952

1964 1965 1966


On the other hand, in early 1966 there were nearly 19 million women betweenthe ages of 25 and 54 who were outside the labor force (also excluding those in schooland those unable to work)o Of course, the vast majority of these women are not avail-able for permanent jobs because of family responsibilities, even though most have hadwork experience at some time in their lives0 However, employers are utilizing womenworkers to a greater extent as the supply of adult men diminishes,. There are a greatmany jobs that can be handled by either men or women, and there is some evidencethat work schedules are being redesigned to accommodate the availability of workers.

Developments in Employment

Total Employment,, In the first quarter of 1966, employment in the United Statestotaled 71.6 million--an increase of 12O 1 million from the same period in 1952. Overthe last two years, employment has gone up by 3. 7 million (50 4 percent), far out-stripping a rise of 20 5 million (4.4 percent) between 1950 and 1952.

The employment expansion in 1950 and 1951 was very rapid, being partially arecovery from recession as well as a response to the needs of defense industries.Practically the entire increase was matched by declines in unemployment (see chart 1).Between early 1950 and early 1951, nonagricultural employment rose by nearly 5 per-cent, then slowed to a rise of about 1 percent between 1951 and 1952O In contrast, therecent upturn in nonagricultural employment was comparatively steady at a relativelyslow pace until the second quarter of 1965, when it moved up sharply. Thus, in contrastto the slowdown experienced in 1952, employment growth has accelerated in the latestyear of the current expansion (rising by 30 4 percent in 1965-66 as compared with 2.8percent in 1964-65) 0

The composition of employment by age and sex has shown significant changesover the course of the current expansion as compared with the early 19501 s. Basically,the differences reflect increased labor force participation among women and populationgrowth for youth.

Table 1. Employment by Age and Sex, Firs t Quarter Averages1950, 1952, 1964, and 1966

(Percent distr ibution)

Age and sex 1966 1964 1952 1950

Total employed (in thousands),Percent

Ma les14 to 19 years

14 to 17 y e a r s . . . . . . . . . .18 to 19 years

20 years and over20 to 24 yea r s . . .25 years and over ,

F e m a l e s . .• .. «14 to 19 years ,14 to 17 years18 to 19 years..........

20 years and over.........20 to 24 years25 years and over.......

71,601100.0

64.54.52.32.359.96.2

53.8

35.53.41.51.9

32.14.527.6

67,916100.0

65.43.82.11.7

61.65.9

55.7

34.63.01.41.6

31.64.127.4

59,487

69.53.82.11.7

65.75.560.2

30.52.71.21.5

27.84.023.8

56,955100.0

71.03.92.01.9

67.17.1

60.0

29.02.61.01.6

26.44.222.2

10


The Changing Occupational Profile. Perhaps the most important factors to beconsidered in assessing the currently available margin for expansion is the extensiveredistribution of jobs (both by occupation and industry) since the early 19501 s and thenature of the Nation1 s emerging manpower needs.

Between 1952 and 1965, employment in the nonfarm occupations increased by13-1/2 million to a record 67.9 million. The bulk of this rise occurred in the white-collar occupations where the net increase amounted to 9 million. The service occu-pations advanced by 2.9 million. As a consequence of these long-term trends, thenature of the Nation1 s job market has undergone a sharp change. Nearly 57-1/2percent of all American workers now hold white-collar or service jobs, while in 1952they accounted for only 48-1/2 percent of all workers. Since jobless rates in thewhite-collar occupations tend to be relatively low regardless of the economic situation,the precise skills necessary to fulfill the Nation1 s needs during an expansion are ofparamount importance." If the intensified demand for labor is concentrated in highlyskilled white-collar occupations, then the Nation is in for severe adjustment problems.If, on the other hand, the expansion can be accomplished through growth in blue-collaremployment--an area of comparatively high unemployment even today--the labor forcecan meet the economic demands of expanding output, while meeting the social goal ofsupplying jobs for disadvantaged workers.

In the first quarter of 1966, employment was up 20 0 million* from a year earlier--nearly 25 percent more than the previous year1 s gain--and was still on a strong up-trend. Compared with long-term trends, however, the recent surge has taken on aunique character. The employment increases have been concentrated in industries andoccupations typified in the late 19501 s and early I9601 s by job shortages. This trendis not particularly surprising since the challenges of a sharp expansion in output arefrequently concentrated in the goods-producing industries and production-orientedoccupations. A comparison of job trends from 1950 to 1952 and from 1964 to the firstquarter of 1966 underscores the fact that effective demand for labor was concentratedheavily in the blue-collar occupations. Moreover, the intensified demand for laborwas much more concentrated among operatives in the last 2 years than among skilledcraftsmen. Although this does not signify an absence of shortages in the "higher- skill11

occupations, it does suggest that the bulk of the added production has been met by addinglabor in the semiskilled middle-grade jobs for which extended periods of training maynot be required.

Table 2, Employment by Occupation, Annual Averages 1950 and 1952and Seasonally Adjusted First Quarter Averages 1964 and 1966

(In thous ands) ^

Occupation group Percentchange

1st quarter1966 1964

Percentchange

Annual averages"1/

1952 1950

Total employed. ,White-collar workers....Blue-collar workers

Craftsmen and foremen.Operatives ,.'.....Nonfarm laborers

Service workers„......,,Farm workers.,

5.45.37.75.99/75.25.7-9.1

73,55732,51527,2719,45913,9933,8189,6194,073

69,76430,87025,3168,93412,7553,6289,0974,479

2.23.16.314.01.75.3-0.7-10.5

60,98923,07024,8038,74312,3523,7076,4886,632

59,64822,37323,3367,67012,1463,5206,5357,408

1/ Employment by occupation is not available on a quarterly basis prior to 1957.

Employment Trends by Industry,, Over the year, 2, 9 million workers were addedto nonfarm payrolls, 900, 000 more than in the comparable 1964-65 period* The sharpest

11


rise was in manufacturing where 950, 000 new jobs were created. The advance wasof nearly the same magnitude as that of the Korean period and reflected the strongdemand for goods. In both periods, all durable goods industries recorded sharp gains,accounting for the bulk of the overall manufacturing increase. Employment increasesin the machinery, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, primary metals, andtransportation equipment industries dominated the. rapid expansion in both periods.

For an extended period in the late 19501 s and early I9601 s, rising productivityin manufacturing had outstripped rising demand, making it possible to increase outputwhile reducing employment^ Prior to 1964, it was widely believed that manufacturingemployment would not return to Korean or World War II levels. Although the strengthof the recent expansion has disproved this notion, many important changes took placewithin manufacturing over that interval. Examples of these changes include the growingimportance of nonproduction worker employment and the tendency for the workweek ofall production workers to riseo

Between the first quarter of 1950 and the first quarter of 1964, the proportionof nonproduction workers to total manufacturing employment rose from 18. 4 to 26. 1percent. In each of the two periods, production worker employment moved up verystrongly during the subsequent expansion,. In the last year, more than three-fourthsof the employment increase in manufacturing was among production workers. Theiremployment was up 750, 000 from a year ago and 1, 250, 000 from 1964. After adjust-ment for seasonality, production worker employment was at the highest level since1953 but was still 300, 000 jobs short of surpassing the 1953 peak.

While employment increases were the most critical factor in meeting the sharprise in demand, 23 percent of the increased input took the form of more working hours0Over the two year period from the first quarter of 1964, the average workweek offactory production workers moved up 1. 1 hours to a record first quarter level of 410 3hours. The rise over the same time span in 1950-52 amounted to 1 full hour; however,the advance began at a lower level. Although there has been much discussion of therising level of factory hours, the current level is only 1/2 hour higher than in 1952 andis substantially below the high levels reached during World War II. There is still amargin for further increases in weekly hours.

In both periods under consideration, weekly hours rose sharply, forecastingstrong gains in production worker employment. All available evidence suggests thatincreased hours are a normal response to stepped-up demand and are closely followedby increased employment.

An issue which is closely related to working hours is the rate of increase inweekly earnings. In March 1966, weekly earnings averaged $110.95, an increase of$4O 24 from a year earliero Of this particular advance, 55 cents can be attributeddirectly to increased weekly hours, and 30 cents or more can be attributed to thefact that this extra time was paid at overtime rates. After these adjustments, theincrease in earnings amounted to nearly 30 2 percent.

Earnings increases in the nonmanufacturing industries vary sharply from thosein manufacturing. In construction, for example, the earnings rise amounted to $8.92(6O 7 percent) over the year, while in trade earnings rose by only $2.32 (3Q1 percent).These wide differences are attributable partially to changes in the average workweek.In construction the average workweek was up 1 hour over the year, accounting forover $30 75 of the increase, while the workweek in trade declined by 1/2 hour. Dataon overtime hours in these industries are not available; however, overtime probablyvaries directly with the average workweek, thus accentuating short-term changeso

Strong job gains from a year ago were also recorded by all nonmanufacturingindustries except mining. Over a million jobs were added to trade and State and localgovernment, each contributing over 500, 000o Employment in miscellaneous services

12


expanded by 400, 000o In each of these industries the gain from a year ago exceededby 30 percent the increases between 1964 and 1965O On the other hand, there was nosign of an acceleration in contract construction or in finance, insurance, and realestate, where gains were in line with those between 1964 and 1965. In contrast to therecent trend, gains in the nonmanufacturing industries during the early 19501 s werecomparatively small and did not tend to accelerate . Presumably, growth in the laborforce combined with rising productivity has made it possible for the economy to moveahead on a broad front in the I9601- s instead of focusing the entire national effort ona small number of industries,, However, the demand for men and mater ial for thewar effort was greater relative to potential output in 1952 than in 1966.

Unemployment Trends

As of the first quarter of 1966, the unemployment rate had dropped steadily for9 consecutive quarters0 At 3. 8 percent, the rate was slightly below the first quarterrate for 1957 (40 0 percent) and had reached its lowest level since late 1953O Theresulting tight market for some groups in the work force has raised questions aboutthe possibility of a smooth economic expansion in 1966. No fully definitive answerto this question can be provided because so much depends on the success of publicand private efforts to upgrade workers , to match the unemployed with available jobs,and to absorb new labor force entrants0 However, if the levels or ra tes of unemploy-ment existing in 1952 represent the point below which an expanding economy could beplagued with bottlenecks and other economic dislocations, it is apparent that as ofearly 1966 a buffer zone of the experienced unemployed still existed but was no longervery substantial.

Unemployment in 1952 totaled 2. 2 million (a rate of 3O1 percent) , compared toan early 1966 level of 3. 2 million (a rate of 3. 8 percent) . Teenagers accounted fornearly half the difference in level. In 1952, only 17 percent of all unemployed workerswere teenagers; by early 1966, they made up 23 percent of the total. The majority of

Table 3. Unemployment by Age and Sex, Firs t Quarter Averages1950, 1952, 1964, and 1966

(Percent distribution)

Age and sex 1966 1964 1952 1950

Total unemployed (in thousands)Percent

Males14 to 19 years

14 to 17 years18 to 19 years

20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over

Females. .14 to 19 years14 to 17 years18 to 19 years

20 years and over20 to 24 years25 years and over........

3,162100.0

60.313.57.36.2

46.88.338.5

39.79.73.85.930.06.923.1

4,461100.0

.7

.162,11.6.24.951.610.641.0

37.36.72.64.130.66.723.9

2,225100.0

66.311.06.24.955.37.5

47.9

33.75.52.43.1

28.16.022.2

4,626100.0

72.69.74.25.562.912.950.0

21A4.51.82.722.95.017.9

13


teenage jobseekers have little or no job experience and about half of them are seekingpart-time work. There were 2. 4 million unemployed adults in 1966 compared to 1. 9million in 1952--an excess of only 570,000 out of a substantially larger labor forceoThe unemployment rate for adult workers 20 years of age and over was 3e 0 percentin 1966 as compared with 2. 7 percent in 1952.

A brighter side to the current situation has been the smoother adjustment of thejob market to economic expansion. There was a critical difference in unemploymenttrends in the two respective periodso As chart 1 shows, between early 1950 and early1951, unemployment was cut in half. In contrast, the recent downtrend could be des-cribed as persistent but graduaL

Until recently, the improvement in unemployment was primarily among adultmen. Jobless rates for adult men (2O 6 percent in 1966) and married men (1. 9 percent)began to fall much earlier than other rates; however, they have shown virtually nochange since December, As reductions in jobless rates for men slowed down, however,employers turned more to adult women as a source of manpower0 At 3O 7 percent inthe first quarter of 1966, the rate for adult women was down sharply from a yearearlier and was at its lowest level since late 1953.

Most of the 825, 000 fall in unemployment over the year took place among personslooking for full-time work. This ^harp drop was reflected in their jobless rate whichfell from 4. 5 percent in early 1965 to 3O 4 percent in early 1966. Only fragmentarydata are available on the number of full-time and part-time jobseekers in the early19501 s0 However, the figures that do exist suggest that part-time jobseekers mightaccount for half the difference in unemployment between 1952 and 1966, and that thejobless rate for the full-time work force is almost down to 1952 levels0 The substan-tial population increase for teenagers and their propensity to seek part-time workwhile in school have played a major role in the increase in the number of personsseeking part-time work.

The Experienced Unemployed. Illustrative of the need to adapt to new lessexperienced labor force entrants are the comparative figures for the experiencedunemployed.4 The jobless rate for experienced nonfarm workers in early 1966 wasonly 0.1 percentage point higher than in 1952 when it averaged 3.1 percent. Inabsolute terms, there were 2. 3 million unemployed workers in 1966 who had previ-ously been employed, compared to only 1.8 million in 1952. The difference in levelis due primarily to the increased labor force, particularly in the white-collar occu-pations and service industries.

Occupational unemployment rates in 1965 were higher than those of 1952, butby early 1966 the threat of shortages had become apparent in some occupations.Although levels of unemployment in 1966 for white-collar and service workers werealmost twice that of 1952, their numbers in the labor force had grown substantially0Moreover, for blue-collar workers, the level (1. 2 million seasonally adjusted) wasnearly equal to the level of 15 years earlier. In 1952, unemployed skilled workerstotaled 250, 000, compared with approximately 300, 000 in 1966O Almost 600, 000unemployed workers had experience in semiskilled jobs in both 1952 and 1966.

Somewhat the same patterns are evident in the data by industry. Unemployedwage and salary workers previously employed in manufacturing totaled 650, 000(seasonally adjusted) in early 1966, slightly more than in 1952. In contrast,

4Seasonally adjusted levels of unemployment for experienced workers wereused to insure comparability to the 1952 data which are available only on an annualaverage basiso

14


Table 4. Levels and Rates of Unemployment for Experienced Workers,by Industry and Occupation for Selected Periods

(In thousands)

Industry and occupation

1/1st quarter averages—

1966Level Rate

Annual averages1965

Level Rate1952

Level Rate

NONFAEM OCCUPATIONS

Total experienced workersWhite-collar workersBlue-collar workers.

Craftsmen and foremenOperativesNonfarm laborers ..

Service workers.

NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES

Private wage and salary workers:Mining ...........Construction .......ManufacturingTransportation and publicutilitiesTrade .Service and finance 2/. .

Government ,

2,278661

1,178297610272439

23280651

86526459146

3.22.04.13.04.26.74.4

4.47.53.2

2.14.43.31.4

2,733754

1,469343774352510

29365776

118590563192

3.92.35.33.65.58.45.2

5.410.14.0

2.95.04.02.0

1,751388

1,092248595250271

29225581

10333028795

3.11.74.22.84.66.44.0

3.16.93.5

2.53.53.21.4

jL/ Seasonally adjusted.2/ Includes forestry and f i s h e r i e s .

unemployed wage and sa l a ry w o r k e r s with job exper ience in the se rv ice indus t r i e stotaled 460,000 in 1966, near ly 200,000 m o r e than in 1952. In genera l , unemploymentlevels in 1966 in the goods-producing sec tor (construction, manufactur ing, and t r a n s -portat ion) were about equal to those of 1952, while job less levels in the se rv ice sec tor( trade, se rv ice and finance, and public adminis t ra t ion) were about 1-1/2 t imes asgrea t as in 1952. Evidently, the m a r k e t has tightened to a g r e a t e r extent in the goods-producing sec tor of the economy, where the sustained expansion in manufacturing (theindustry employing the major i ty of all b lue-co l la r w o r k e r s ) has had a cons iderableimpact on the available exper ienced manpower supply. On the other hand, the goods-producing indus t r i es have t radi t ional ly provided a g r e a t e r number of en t ry level jobopportuni t ies for inexper ienced young meno

Groups Cha rac t e r i zed by Large Concentra t ions of the Unemployed

Blue-Col la r W o r k e r s . Continued growth was evident as b lue-co l la r employmentinc reased by 850, 000 to 26. 1 mil l ion from a year ago. Although the i nc rease was150, 000 short of the gain between 1964 and 1965, b lue-co l la r employment reached anew high.

Employment of unskilled w o r k e r s dropped by 120, 000 after expanding by 300, 000a year e a r l i e r . It i s l ikely that many unskil led w o r k e r s have been upgraded in o rde rto ease the demand for semiski l led w o r k e r s . The employment i nc rea se for semiski l ledw o r k e r s (700,000 vs . 500,000 in 1964-65) supports this notion. The employment of

15


craftsmen and foremen was up 250, 000 from a year ago. The increase equaled the1964-65 gain but was heavily concentrated among construction craftsmen.

The jobless rate for blue-collar workers, at 4. 1 percent, was down by 1. 4 per-centage points over the year. Rates for skilled (3O 0 percent), semiskilled (4. 2 percent),and unskilled workers (6. 7 percent) were all roughly 25 percent below those of a yearago. Although these jobless rates are at their lowest points in many years, a reserveof experienced blue-collar workers still exists. In the first quarter of 1966, 400, 000skilled workers were unemployed, 700, 000 semiskilled, and 350, 000 unskilled (nearly60 percent of these unemployed blue-collar workers were men 25 years of age andover). These levels will drop as warm weather brings on seasonal employment peaksin outdoor activities; however, some further advances beyond the seasonal pickup arepossible in each group.

Negroes. The jobless rate for Negroes dropped from 8.9 percent in the firstquarter of 1965 to 7. 1 percent in the first quarter of 1966, the lowest rate since 1953. 5

The greatest improvement occurred among adult men. Their rate fell from 7. 0 to 4. 8percent--its lowest point in over a decade--and showed a greater improvement than therate for white men (3. 1 to 2. 3 percent). For Negro women, the rate of unemploymentfell to 5.9 percent in early 1966, paralleling the improvement for white women.

Negro employment grew by 360,000 over the year to 7.6 million, almost 150,000more than between 1964 and 1965O Negroes accounted for a greater proportion of theemployment rise over the year (18 percent) than in the 1964-65 period (14 percent).The employment increase from a year ago was equally divided among males and females,while most of the unemployment decline was among males.

Negro teenagers fared poorly relative to white teenagers in the search for jobs.The rate for Negro youngsters, at 23. 8 percent, was only down one-tenth (20 6 percent-age points) from a year ago, while the rate for whites, at 9o 9 percent, was down nearlyone-fourth (3O 1 percentage points). Thus, the recent improvement in the teenageunemployment situation has been for the most part confined to whites.

Although the total rate for Negro workers has trended downward since the secondquarter of 1961, it was still twice as high as the rate for white workers. The vigorouseconomic growth the Nation has experienced since the 1960-61 recession has not reducedthis differential.

Teenagers. In the year ahead, teenagers represent one possible solution to theproblem of an adequate labor supply. If the demand for additional workers can besupplied by teenagers, this will represent a major contribution to sustaining the rapidgrowth rate. This would require some further training of teenagers to fill the needsof employers and some adaptation of employer requirements to teenagers1 skills. If,on the other hand, the economy cannot absorb the new entrants and the currently unem-ployed teenagers, the current supply of unutilized adult workers may soon be exhaustedand the rate of growth may slow down. As the jobless rates and employment develop-ments outlined below indicate, some progress has been made in providing employmentfor teenagers. However, much remains to be done.

Teenagers employed at full-time jobs increased by 450, 000 over the year. Theadvance was three and a half times as large as the increase between 1964 and 1965 andreflects, in part, the larger number of 18 and 19 year-olds in the current period. Atthe same time, almost 600, 000 teenagers found part-time work. The increase in

Statistics for all nonwhite persons have been used to depict the employmentsituation for Negroes. Negroes represent about 92 percent of all nonwhites in theUnited States.

16


part-time employment was in sharp contrast to the experience of the comparableperiod a year earlier, when there was virtually no expansion, and suggests that workschedules are being adapted to the available supply of workers. In addition, programsdesigned to enhance the employability of youth (Neighborhood Youth Corps and theWork-Study Program, for example) contributed to this rise.

The teenage jobless rate, at 1 lo 6 percent, was 30 0 percentage points below therate of a year ago and at its lowest level since late 1957O The rate had not shown anydownward movement until the summer of 1965.

Increases in the number of teenagers in the labor force would have been muchlarger were it not for the large number of males aged 18 to 19 who were in school.Nearly a quarter of a million more young men were in school full-time in early 1966than in early 1965. The increase was double that of the comparable period between1964 and 1965. For girls in the same age group, however, the labor force partici-pation rate rose slightly and the rise in school attendance was substantially below the1964-65 increase.

A somewhat similar pattern was evident for young men and women 20 to 24 yearsof age. For young men, increases in school attendance were in line with those between1964 and 1965. However, for females the labor force participation rate rose slightlyand the increase in school attendance from a year ago was equal to the 1964-65increase.

217-719 O - 66 - 2


Chart 1.

MILLIONS

82

80

78

76

74

72

70

68

66

64

62

60

58

56

54

52

LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT1953 to date

(Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS82

Quarterly Averages

N /

/ — — • —

— / —

y &

v 1 Ai—|

^ ^ ^ Z Total em

y

ploym

Total

Hent

labor force

** Ci—

Lilian

-o _

k S 1 Ŝ̂Nonagricultura

abor

empl

force 1 c^

• y~"

oymen t

Monthly Data

*

" *

80

78

76

74

72

70

68

66

64

62

60

58

56

54

521953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

Chart 2.

PERCENT10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

MAJOR UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS1953 to date

(Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

Quarterly Averages

Unemployment rate-all civilian workers

Percent of laborforce time lost

Unemployment rate-married men

Monthly Data

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0

1.0

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

Series revised beginning 1963 to reflect whether unemployed persons sought full-or part-time jobs.


Chart 3.

EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES1953 to date

(Seasonally adjusted)MILLIONS MILLIONS14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

_ Quarterly Averages

XAgr

icultur

Min

e

ing

Durab/

V v

ie goods

— * •

Nondurab•

/

Contract constru :tion

^

>le go<

• • • • • • • 4

)ds

Monthly Data

^ ^

^

o3Ocf>

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

o

Chart 4.

MILLIONS15

EMPLOYMENT IN SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES1953 to date


Quarterly Averages

Wholesale and retail trade

Services

Transportation/j-and public utilitiesI I ' - . '

State andlocal government

••••••••

Finance, insurance,and real estate—-

eral government

Monthly Data

MILLIONS15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

19


Chart 5.

PERCENT18

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY AGE AND SEX1953 to date

(Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT18

16

14

12

Quarterly Averages

1 \

^ O Men 25 years and over

Monthly Data

10

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

Chart 6.

TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT BY DURATION1953 to date

M l l l l O N S (Seasonally adjusted)

_ Quarterly Averages

^ /mm*-^

/ \

Total unerriploymentMonthly Data

-

MILLIONS

7

6

5

4

3

PERCENT80

DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF THE TOTALPERCENT

180

Quarterly Averages

27 weeks and overI I I

Monthly Data

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

20


Chart 7.

HOURS43.0

HOURS OF WORK IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION,AND TRADE1953 to date


OVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING

HOURS43.0

\ Wholesale and retail trade1 ' I

Quarterly Averages

* ^

Monthly Data

ii 1111111111 1111111 ii 111

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

* Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

Chart 8.

DOLLARS160

150

AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING,CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE

1953 to date

60

50

Quarterly Averages

Wholesale and retail trade

Monthly Data

DOLLARS160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

111111111 ili 11111111111 50

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

* Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

21


Chart 9.

PERSONS AT WORK IN NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIESBY FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS

1955 to date(Seasonally adjusted)

MILLIONS10

MILLIONS——I io

Quarterly Averages

Part-Time Schedules

Workers on voluntarypart-time schedules

Workers on part timefor economic reasons

Monthly Data

1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

22


Chart 10.

PERCENT121

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUPS1957 to date

(Seasonally adjusted)PERCENT

12

1010/ in

Quarterly Averages

p\ Blue-coliar workers

Monthly Data

White-collar workers

orkers

1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

Chart 11.

STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATESWeek ending April 16, 1966

easonALASKA

14.0

Insured jobless under State unemployment insurance programs excludes workers

who have exhausted their benefit rights, n@wj workers, and persons from jobs not

covered by State unemployment insurance programs.

Source: Bursau of Employment Security

23


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, 1929 to date

(In thousands)

Year and month

Totalnoninsti-

tutionalpopula-

Total labor force

Percentof

popula-tion

Civilian labor force

Employed *

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

indus-tries

Unemployed

Number

Percent oflabor force

Notseason-

allyadjusted

Season-ally

adjusted

Not inlaborforce

19291930193119321933

1931*1935193619371938,.

19391940194119421943

1944 .....1945194619471948 ...*.

194919501951195219533

19541955195619571958

1959.I960*19611962 5196319641965

1965: April....

August...SeptemberOctober..November.December.

1966: January..February.March....April....

(2)100,380101,520102,610103,660

104,630105,530106,520107,608108,632

109,773110,929112,075113,270115,094

116,219117,388118,734120,445121,950

123,366125,368127,852130,001132,1*134,143162to

135,812

136,473136,670136,862137,(*3137,226

137,394137,562137,741137,908

49,44050,08050,68051,25051,81*0

52,1*9053,14053,74054,32054,950

55,60056,18057,53060,38061*, 560

66,01*065,30060,97061,75862,898

63,721

65,98366,56067,362

67,81868,89670,38770,74471,281*

71,94673,12674,17574,68175,71276,97178,357

77,307

80,16378,04478,71378,59878,477

77,40977,63278,031*78,914

(2)56.056.758,862.3

63-161.957.257.457.9

58,058A58,958.858.5

58.1*58.759.358.758.5

58.358.358.057-457.357.457.5

56.9

58.757-157.557.457.2

56.356.456.757.2

49,18049,82050,42051,00051,590

52,23052,87053,44054,00054,610

55,23055,64055,91056,41055,540

54,63053,86057,52060,16861,442

62,10563,09962,88462,96663,815

64,46865,84867,53067,94668,647

69,39470,61271,60371,85472,97574,23375,635

74,621

77,47075,32175,95375,80375,636

74,51974,70875,06075,906

47,63045,48042,40038,94038,760

40,89042,26044,41046,30044,220

45,75047,52050,35053,75054,470

53,96052,82055,25057,81259,117

58,42359,74860,78461,03561,945

60,89062,94464,70865,01163,966

65,58166,68166,79667,84668,80970,35772,179

71,070

74,21272,44673,19672,83772,749

71,22971,55172,02373,105

10,45010,34010,29010,17010,090

9,90010,11010,0009,8209,690

9,6109,5409,1009,250

8,9508,5808,3208,2567,960

8,0177,4977,0486,7926,555

6,4956,7186,5726,2225,844

5,8365,7235,4635,1904,9464,7614,585

4,473

5,1364,7784,9544,1283,645

3,5773,6123,7804,204

37,18035,1*032,11028,77028,670

30,99032,15034,41036,48034,530

36,11*037,98041,25044,50045,390

45,01044,24046,93049,55751,156

50,40652,25153,73654,24355,390

54,39556,225

58,78958,122

59,74560,95861,33362,65763,86365,59667,594

66,597

69,07767,66868,24268,70969,103

67,65267,93968,24468,900

1,5504,3408,020

12,06012,830

11,34010,6109,0307,700

10,390

9,4808,1205,5602,6601,070

6701,0402,2702,3562,325

3,6823,3512,0991,9321,870

3,5782,9042,8222,9364,681

3,8133,9314,8064,0074,1663,8763,456

3,552

3,2582,8752,7572,9662,888

3,2903,1583,0372,802

3.28.715.923.624.9

21,720.116.914.319.0

17.214.69.94.71.9

1.21.93.93.93.8

5.95.33.33.12.9

5.64.44.24.36.8

5.55.66.75.6

5.75.24.6

4.8

4.23.83.63.93.8

4.44.24.03.7

4.9

4.54.44.34.24.1

4.03.73.83.7

(2)

(2)44,20043,99042,23039,100

38,59040,23045,55045,85045,733

46,05146,18146,09246,71047,732

48,40148,49248,34849,69950,666

51,42052,24253,67755,40056,41257,17257,884

58,504

56,31058,62658,14958,44558,749

59,98559,93059,70758,994

*Data for 1947-56 adjusted to reflect changes in the definition of employment and unemployment adopted in January 1957. Two groups averaging about one-quarter millionworkers which were formerly classified as employed (with a job but not at work)-those on temporary layoff and those waiting to start new wage and salary jobs within 30 days-were assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unemployed. Data by sex, shown in table A-2, were adjusted for the years 1948-56.

2Not available.^Beginning 1953, labor force and employment figures are not strictly comparable with previous years as a result of the introduction of material from the 1950 Census into

the estimating procedure. Population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting thefigures for total and males. Other categories were relatively unaffected.

^Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning I960 and are therefore not strictly comparable with previous years. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of about half amillion in the noninstitutional population 14 years of age and over, and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths of this in nonagricultural employment. The levels of otherlabor force categories were not appreciably changed.

^Figures for periods prior to April 1962 are not strictly comparable with current data because of the introduction of I960 Census data into the estimation procedure. Thechange primarily affected the labor force and employment totals, which were reduced by about 200,000. The unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.

NOTE: Data for 1929-39 based on sources other than direct enumeration.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over,by sex, 1940, 1944, and 1947 to date

(In thousands)

Sex, year, and month

Totalnoninsti-tutionalpopula-

tion

Total labor force

Number

Percentof

popula-tion

Civilian labor force

Total

Employed!

Agri-culture

Nonagri-cultural

indus-tries

Unemployed^Percent oflabor force

Notseason-

allyadjusted

Season-ally

adjusted

Not inlaborforce

MALE1940194419^719*819^91950195119521953 2195419551956195719581959.1960 31961.. .1962419631964... .19651965: April

AugustSeptember....October. . . . . .November.....December.....

1966: January.FebruaryMarchApril

FEMALE19lk)194419^719W19^91950195119521953 21 9 5 ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19551956195719581959I960 319611962 «1963196«*....•19651965: April

AugustSeptember....OctoberNovember....•December.....

1966: January. . . . . .FebruaryMarch...... . . .April

50,08051,98053,08553,51354,02854,52654,99655,50356,53457,01657,^458,04458,813

60^10061,00062,14763,23464,16365,06566,027

65,817

66,14566,23566,32366,40666,489

66,56366,63866,71866,792

50,30052,65054,52355,118

5W58,56159,20359,90460,69061,63262,47263,26564,36865,70566,84867,96269,07970,215

69,994

70,32970,43470,53870,63870,73770,83170,92471,023

42,0201*6,67044,84445,30045,67446,0691*6,67447,00147,69247,8471*8,0541*8,5791*8,6491*8,80249,08149,50749,91850,17550,57351,118

51,705

51,168

53,36051,39851,48151,20051,148

50,7785O,9H51,18051,748

l4,i6o19,37016,91517,59918,04818,68019,30919,55819,66819,97120,84221,80822,p9722,46222,86523,61924,25724,50725,l4l25,85426,653

26,13926,80426,64627,23127,39827,329

26,63126,72126,85527,166

83.989.884.584.784.584.584.984.784.483.983.683.782.782.181.781.280.379.378.878.6

78,3

77.780.777.677.677.176.9

76.376.476.777.5

28.236.831.031.932.433.133.833.933.633.734.835.935.936.036.136.736.936.737.037.^38.O

37.3

38.137.838.638.838.6

37.637.737.838.2

41,48035,46043,27243,85844,07544,44243,61243,45444,19444,53745,o4l45,75645,8821*6,1971*6,56247,02547,37847,38047,86748,41049,014

48,513

50,69748,70648,75348,43848,340

47,92248,02148,24048,773

I4,l6o19,17016,89617,58318,03018,65719,27219,51319,62119,93120,80621,77422,06422,45122,83223,58724,22524,47425,10925,82336,621

26,108

26,77326,61527,20027,36527,296

26,59726,68726,82127,133

35,55035,no41,67742,26841,47342,16242,36242,23742,96642,16543,15243,99943,99043,04244,08944,1*8544,31844,89245,33046,13947,034

46,422

48,89647,19947,29046,91046,615

45,95946,11246,39347,217

11,97018,83016,34916,34816,94717,58418,42118,79818,97918,72419,79020,70721,02120,92421,49222,19622,47822,95423,47924,218

25,145

24,648

25,31625,24625,90525,92626,134

25,27125,43825,63025,888

8,4507,0206,9536,6236,6296,2715,7915,6235,4965,4295,4795,2685,0374,8024,7494,6784,5084,2664,0213,8843,729

3,738

4,0953,7633,8353,3513,106

3,0693,0983,2253,533

1,0901,9301,3141,3381,3861,2261,2571,1701,0611,0671,2391,3061,1841,0421,0871,045

955924925877856735

l,04l1,0151,119

777539508514555671

27,10028,09034,72535,64534,84435,89136,57136,61437,47036,73637,67338,73138,95238,24039,34039,80739,81140,62641,30942,25543,304

42,683

44,80143,43643,45643,55943,509

42,89043,01443,16843,684

10,88016,92015,03615,51015,56116,35817,16417,62817,91817,65718,55119,40119,83719,88220,1*0521,15121,52322,03122,55**23,34124,289

23,913

24,27524,23224,78625,14925,595

24,76224,92425,07525,216

5,930350

1,5951,5902,6022,2801,2501,2171,2282,3721,8891,7571,8933,1552,4732,54l3,0602,1*882,5372,2711,980

2,091

1,8011,5071,4621,5281,726

1,9631,909l>71,556

2,190320547735

1,0831,073

851715642

1,2071,0161,0671,0431,5261,3401,3901,7471,5191,6291,6051,4761,460

1,4571,3681,2951,4381,162

1,3271,2491,1901,245

14.31.03.73.65.95.12.92.82.8?-34.23.84.16.85.35.46.55.35.34.74.0

4.3

3.63.13.03.23.6

4.14.03.83.2

15.51.73.24.16.05.84.43.73.36.14.94.94.76.85.95.97.26.26.56.25.5

5.6

5.45.14.85.34.3

5.04.74.44.6

4.2

4.03.93.93.63-5

3.4

3.1

6.0

5.45.35.25.45.1

4.94.64.74.8

8,0605,3108,2428,2138,3548,4578,3228,5028,8409,1699,4309^59,510,16410,67711,01911,49312,22913,05913,59013,94714,322

14,649

12,78514,83714,84215,20515,340

15,78515,72715,53915,044

36,14033,28o37,60837,52037,69737,72437,77038,20838,89339,23239,06238,88339,53539,99040,40140,74941,44842,34142,82243,22543,562

43,855

43,52543,78843,30643,24043,408

44,20044,20344,16843,950

*See footnote 1, table A-l. 2See footnote 3, table A-l. %ee footnote 4, table A-l. ^ee footnote 5, table A-l.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex and color

(In thousands)

Employment status

Total

Apr.1966

Mar,1966

Apr.1965

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Female

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Total

Total labor forceCivilian labor force

EmployedAgricultureNonagricultural industries

UnemployedUnemployment rate

Not in the labor force

WHITE


EmployedAgriculture.Nonagricultural industries.

UnemployedUnemployment rate


NONWHITE


EmployedAgricultureNonagricultural industries.

Unemployed ,Unemployment rate


137,908 137.741 66,792 66.718 21*117

78,91475,90673,1054,20468,9002,8023.7

58,994

70,17967,42865,1903,720

61,4702,2383*3

53,067

8,7358,4787,915485

7,4305646O7

5,9.28

78,03475,06072,0233,780

68,244

3,037460

59,707

69,49966,77164,3703,393

60,9772,4013.6

53,603

8,5358,2897,653387

7,2666367*7

6,104

77,30774,621

71,0704,47366,5973,5524.8

58,504

68,83866,38063,4783,909

59,5692,9024.4

52,622

8,4698,2417,591564

7,0276507.9

5,883

51,74848,77347,217

3,53343,684

1,5563.2.

15,044

46,58143,86142,596

3,15539,4411,265

2.913,292

5,1654,9114,620

3784,242

2915.9

1,751

51,18048,2404b,393

3,22543,168

1,8473,8

15,539

46,09543,39841,9322,89539,0371,4663.4

13,717

5,0854,8424,461

3304,131

3807.9

1,822

51,16848,5134b,4223,738

42,6832,0914.3

14,649

46,08843,65841,9093,27338,6351,7494.0

12,956

5,0814,8564,513465

4,0483427.0

1,693

27,166

27,13325,888

67125,2161,2454,6

43,950

23,597

23,56622,594

56522,029

9724.1

39,774

3,5703,5673,294

1073,187

2737.7

4,176

26,85526,82125,630

55525,0751,1904.4

44,168

23,40423,37322,439

49821,940

9344.0

39,886

3,4513,4483,192

573,135

2567.4

4,282

26,13926,10824,648

73523,9131,4605.6

43,855

22,75122,72321,570

63620,9341,1535.1

39,665

3,3883,3853,078

992,9793079.1

4,190

Table A-4: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, by age and sex

(In thousands)

Full- and part-time employment status Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apre1965

Men, 20 years and over

Apr.1966

Mar,1966

Apr.1965

Women, 20 years and over

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Teenagers, 14-19 years

Apr,1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

FULL TIME

Civi l ian labor f o r c e . . . . . . .

Employed:

Full- t ime s c h e d u l e s 1 ; . . . . . . . . .Par t time for economic r e a s o n s .

Unemployed, looking for full-timework

Unemployment ra te

PART TIME

Civilian labor forceEmployed (voluntary part time)1. .Unemployed, looking for part-time

workUnemployment rate

65,395

61,4231,684

2,2883.5

10,5119,998

5134.9

64,878

60,6181,818

2,4423.8

10,1819,586

5955.8

65,017

60,0612,002

2,9544.5

9,6049,007

5976.2

42,936

41,114794

1,0282.4

1,748

1,674

744.2

42,901

40,607968

1,3263.1

1,6201,544

764.7

43,203

40,736970

1,4973.5

1,6341,545

895.4

19,420

18,003716

7013.6

4,8284,691

1372O8

19,208

17,802689

7173.7

4,8264,657

1693.5

19,072

17,343842

8874.7

4,5934,429

1443.1

3,039

2,306174

55918 o 4

3,9353,633

3027.7

2,769

2,209161

39914.4

3,7353,385

3509.4

2,742

1,982190

57020.8

3,3973,033

36410.7

^Employed j i job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categoi


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5: Unemployed persons, by age and sex

Age and sex

Thousands of persons

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Unemployment rate

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Percent distribution

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Total . .

Male14 to 19 years

14 and 15 years . . .16 to 19 years . . . .

20 years and over . . . .20 to 24 years . . . .25 years and over . .

25 to 34 years . .35 to 44 years . .45 to 54 years . .55 to 64 years . .65 years and over

Female14 to 19 years

14 and 15 years . . .16 to 19 years . . . .

20 years and over . . . .20 to 24 years . . . .25 years and over . .

25 to 34 years . .35 to 44 years . .45 to 54 years . .55 to 64 years . .65 years and over

2.802

1,556

57397

1,10220789525219619219065

1,24540716391838201*6341722141527620

3,037 3,552 4.o 4.8 100.0

1,81*74453^

4111,402284

1,118334249230232

1,19030417

1936931952071759222

2,09150541463

1,586348

1,23830933526423497

1,46042817410

1,033222811236259153126

3-211.18.1

H.72.54.42.22.51.81.92.83.1

4.614.14.1

15.73.55.83.13.93.72.62.12.0

3.812.0

5.913.1

3.16.02.83.42.32.33.43.7

4.410.94.2

12.13.75.63.44.43.63.02.52.1

4.313.76.6

15 23.57.23.13.13.02.63.44.6

5-617.46.2

18.84.46.84lo5.54.52.73.53.7

55.616.22.0

14.239.37.4

32.09.07.06.96.82.3

44.414.5

.614.029.97o

22.66.17.65-42.7

• 7

100.0

60.914.71.1

13.546.29.4

36.911.08.27.67.62.4

39.110.0

.69.5

29.26.4

22.86.46.85.83.0

• 7

100.0

58.914.21.2

13.044.79.8

34.98.79.47.46.62.7

41.112.0

•511.529.I6.2

22.96.67.34.33-51.1

Table A-6: Unemployed persons, by industry of last job

Industry Apr.1966

3.7

3.46.73.32.98.13.02.21.62.01.91.91.31.31.43-94.24.53.08.92.62.21.92.61.94.31.82.71.44.61.8

.8---

Unemployment

Mar.1966

4.0

3.99.53.84.39*93.53.01.42.72.23.62.01.22.75.24.05.34.34.93.22.52 .33.61.75.01.73.01.75.11.4

.7

--

rate

Apr.1965

4.8

4.58.54.42.7

10.14.74.02.05.82.73.44 .13.05.25.35.76.84.88.64.43.13.24.41.95.32.53.42.05.41.6

•9

--

Apr.1966

100.0

79.13.3

75.8.6

11.622.09.3

1.11.41.21.1

.5

.63.7

12.72.91.14.83.93.6

.51.71.4

18.12.0

15.25.0

10.32.52.6

I8.315.1

3.2

Percent distriMar.1966

100.0

83.73.9

79-8• 9

13.123.211.7

.61.31.52.21.5

.41.14.6

11.53.21.52.34.43.8

.62.11.1

19.51.7

15.85.5

10.31.82.1

14.210.6

3.5

bution

Apr.1965

100.0

80.63.4

77.2.5

11.426.212.6

.32.41.51.62.5

.91.63.8

13.63.61.43-55.23.9

.72.21.0

17.12.2

14.25.09.21.72.7

16.713.3

3.4

Total .

Experienced wage and salary workersAgricultureNonagricultural industries

Mining, forestry, fisheriesConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsPrimary metal industriesFabricated metal productsMachineryElectrical equipmentTransportation equipment .

Motor vehicles and equipmentAll other transportation equipment

Other durable goods industriesNondurable goods .

Food and kindred productsTextile mill products . . . <Apparel and other finished textile products .Other nondurable goods industries

Transportation and public utilitiesRailroads and railway expressOther transportationCommunication and other public utilities

Wholesale and retail tradeFinance, insurance, and real estateService industries

Professional servicesAll other service industries

Public administrationSelf-employed and unpaid family workersNo previous work experience

14 to 19 years20 years and over


Table A-7; Unemployed persons, by occupation of last job

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Occupation

Unemployment rate

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965


Apr01966

Mar,1966

Apr,1965

Total

White-collar workersProfessional and technicalManagers, officials, and proprietorsClerical workersSales workers

Blue-collar workersCraftsmen and foremenOperativesNonfarm laborers.

Service workersPrivate household workersOther service workers

Farm workersFarmers and farm managersFarm laborers and foremen

No previous work experience . . ; . . . .

3.7

1.8•9

1.12.52.94,22.84.37,14.33O24.62.3

•54.5

4 e 0

1.91O21.12.62.75.13O75.08.94.72.85.22.8

.16.6

4O8 100.0 100.0

2.21.31.33.32.96.04.56.28.65.04.05.42.4

.15.2

21.73.02.9

10.75.1

41.59.7

21.99.9

15.22.5

12.73.2

.42o9

18.4

21.03.82.6

10.24.4

46.211.523.810.915.3

2.113.2

3.4.1

3.314.2

100.0

20.73.42.7

10.83.9

46.211.724.79.7

13.52.4

11.12.9

.12.8

16.7

Table A-8: Unemployed persons, by marital status and household relationship

CharacteristicsThousands of persons

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Unemployment rate

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965


Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

MARITAL STATUS

TotalMale

Married, wife presentSingle

14 to 19 years20 years and over . .

Other marital status

FemaleMarried, husband presentSingle

14 to 19 years20 years and over


HOUSEHOLD RELATIONSHIP

TotalHousehold head

Living with relativesNot living with relatives

Wife of headOther relative of headNon-relative of head

2,8021,556709739443296108

1,245504492353139249

2,8021,017831185494

1,22468

3,0371,847901801442359146

1,190526400262138264

3,0371,2201,034186504

1,26152

3,5522,091

967909488422215

1,460647524360163289

3,5521,3931,124

268618

1,45090

3.73.21.98.7

11.56.44.4

4.63.37.7

14.03.64.4

3.72.22.03.43.39.15.4

4.03.82.49.8

12.77.66.04.43.56.4

10.93.64.8

4.02.72.63.53.49.63.8

4.84.32.6

10.714.08.48.45.64.48.7

16.74.25.4

4.83.12.85.14.3

11.0.6.5

100.055.625.326.415.810.63.9

44.418.017.612.65.08.9

100.036.329.76.6

17.643.7

2.4

100.060.829.726.414.511.84.8

39.217.313.28.64.58.7

100.040.234.06.1

16.641.5

1.7

100.058.927.225.613.711.96.1

41.118.214.710.14.68.1

100.039.231.77.5

17.440.8

2.5

Table A-9: Employment status of persons 16-21 years of age in the noninstitutional population, by color(In thousands)

Employment status Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Apr.1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

Apro1966

Mar.1966

Apr.1965

IN SCHOOL

Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed

Unemployment rateNot in the labor force

NOT IN SCHOOL

Civilian labor forceEmployedUnemployed.

Unemployment rateNot in the labor force .

3,3822,86751515.27,203

5,4244,958466

8.62,293

3,1502,73841213.17,703

5,3704,867

5039.4

2,164

2,8942,35953518.56,802

5,5344,916

61811.22,594

3,0722,61945314.7

6,261

4,7144,379

3357.1

1,965

2,8722,51935312.3

6,722

4,6704,320

3507.5

1,827

2,6692,20046917.6

5,958

4,8094,307

50210.4

2,172

31124863

20.3943

71258013218.5327

27921960

21.5984

702550152

21.7338

22415866

29.5847

724608116

16.0420


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10: Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment

Duration of unemployment

TotalLess than 5 weeks

7 to 10 weeks11 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration. . .


Apr.1966

2,8021,448

574138226209779482297

12.3

Mar.1966

3.0371,339

949183428339749438310

12.4

Apr.1965

3T5521,620

882258356268

1,050627423

13.1


Apr.1966

100.051.720.54.98.17.5

-27.817.210.6

Mar.1966

100.044.131.36.0

14.111.224.614.410.2

Apr.1965

100.045.624.87.3

10.07.5

29.617.711.9

Category

Total

Persons on temporarylayoff

Persons scheduled to beginnew jobs within 30 day&

All other unemployed . . .


Apr.1966

2,802

93

130

2,579

Mar.1966

3,037

80

109

2,848

Apr.1965

3,552

102

111

3,339

Percent distributionApr.1966

100.0

3.3

4.6

92.0

Mar.1966

100.0

2.6

3.6

93.8

Apr.1965

100.0

2.9

3.1

94.0

Table A-ll: Long-term unemployed, by industry and occupation of last job

Characteristics

Unemployed 15 weeks and overPercent of unemployed

in each group

Apr.1966

Apr.1965


Apr.1966

Apr.1965


in each group

Apr.1966

Apr.1965


Apr.1966

Apr.1965

Civilian laborforce (percentdistribution)

Apr.1966

INDUSTRY

Total .

Experienced wage andsalary workers. ,AgricultureNonagricultural industries

Mining, forestry, fisheries.ConstructionManufacturing

Durable goodsNondurable goods

Transportation and publicutilities .

Wholesale and retail trade . . . .Finance, insurance, and real

estate, and service industries .Public administration

Self-employed and unpaidfamily workers

No previous work experience .

OCCUPATION

Total.

White-collar workersProfessional and technical.Managers, officials, and

proprietorsClerical workersSales workers

Blue-collar workersCraftsmen and foremen. . . .OperativesNonfarm laborers

Service workersPrivate household workers .Other service workers . . . .

Farm workers ;Farmers and farm managersFarm laborers and foremen .

No previous work experience .

27.8

27.8

29.6

30.3(1)

30.3(1)

38.826.331.822.5

23.829.8

32.3(1)

(1)

13.4

30.942.030.5

(1)41.629.431.327.7

41.427.7

24.6(1)

(1)

22.3

29.6

28.9(1)

(1)24.724.531.142,823.736.133.3

(1)32.1

(1)(1)tt)

13.4

27.029.4

(1)24.026.333.636.531.535.427.2

(1)28.937.3

(1)37.022.3

100.0 100.0 10.6 11.9 100.0

86.33.7

82.61.2

16.120.910.610.2

3.119.3

20.0

4.9

8.8

100.0

84.44.8

79.6.5

16.126.213.412.85.5

16.0

13.61.7

3.0

12.6

100.0

10.5(1)

10.3(1)5.8

10.212.68.7

6.98.7

15.5(1)

(1)

7.8

10.6

12.015.111.8(1)9.1

11.913.710.122.912.0

9.6(1)

(1)

11.1

11.9

78.54.7

73.71.36.4

21,11.10.4

2.414.8

25.32.0

8.1

13.5

100.0

22.63.5

5.19.54.5

46.314.918.612.818.2

3.614.6

4.0.8

3.28.8

18.93.3

3.48.83.4

52.414.526.411.612.5

1.610.83.6

.13.5

12.6

10.5CD

(1)7.37.7

10.213.3

7.812.613>8

(1)13.5

(1)(1)(1)7.8

13.716.0

(1)12.210.911.112.511.1

9.312.3

(1)12.413.7

(1)13.011.1

21.54.7

5.77.43.7

39.912.116.111.719.83.7

16.15.41.73.7

13.5

100.0

100.0

23.94.5

4.711.13.6

43.112.323.27.6

14.02.4

11.63.3

.23.1

15.6

100.0

81.14 . 3

76.8.9

8 .726.214.711.6

7 .617.3

13.22 . 8

3 . 3

15.6

86.61.8

84.7.8

5.326.815.611.2

.6.115.6

24.95.2

12.8

,7

100.0

44.312.4

9.715.76.5

36.712.718.95.1

13.02.9

10.15.22.92.4

.71 Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12: Long-term unemployed, by sex* age, color, and marital status

Characteristics


in each group

Apr.1966

Apr.1965


Apr.1966

Apr.1965


in each group

1966Apr,1965


Apr.1966

Apr.1965

Civilian labor force(percent distribution)

Apr;.1966

AGE

TotalMale „

14 to 19 years20 to 24 years25 to 44 years45 years and over. . . . . . .

Female14 to 19 years20 to 24 years . .25 to 44 y e a r s . . . . . . . . .45 years and over

COLOR

TotalWhite, total .

MaleFemale

Nonwhite, totalMaleFemale

MARITAL STATUS

TotalMale

Married, wife present . . . .Single

14 to 19 years20 years and over. . . . . .

Other marital statusFemale,

Married, husband present. .Single

14 to 19 years20 years and over.


27.832.3I7.819.835.449.722.212.514.225.239.8

27.827.832.721.427.830.625.3

27.832.338.124.518.333.848.122.224.216.912.528.328.9

29.633.527.722.134.843.823.913.820.728.731.9

29.628.732.123.733.2

24^4

29.633.536.430.728.133.633.023.927.217.013.625.229.1

100.064.610.4

20^428.535.46.53.7

12.512.7

100.079.753.126.720.3n.48.8

100.064.634.623.210.412.86.7

3 5 ^15.610.65.65.09.2

100.066.813.37.3

21.424.833.25.64.4

13.59.6

100.079.553.526.020.513.37.1

100.0

66.8

13^013.56.7

33.216,78.6h.l3.98.0

10.612.66.45.816.318.38.14.25.98.815.3

10.610.512.77.710.812.09.5

10.612.616.88.96.512.5ll.l8.16.36.74.013.814.5

11.913-810.58.3

19.39.25.16.312.511.7

11.910,812.3.8.317.121.112.7

11.913.814.312.410.9

17^29*210.25.34.76.114.2

100.066.09.84.024.627.634.05.74.011.412.8

100.0

25.320.511.88.8

100.066.04o.O22.19.712.44.034.010.711.1

6.#412.1

100.068.112.56.9

21.527.231.95.2

38.7

100.073.851.122.726.217.09.2

100.068,132.627.012.514.48,7

31.915.66.44.02,49.7

100.064.35.46.2

27.625.035.73.84.7

13.413.9

100.088.857.831.011.26.5

100.064.349.811.25.16.13.3

35.719.98.43.35.17.4

Table A-13s Unemployed persons looking for full- or part-time work, by age and sex

Age and sex

Looking for full-time work(thousands of persons)

Apr.1066

Max.1966

Apr.1965

Looking for part-time work(thousands of persons)

Apr.1066 1066

Apr.1065

Looking for part-dme work as apercent of unemployed in each group

Apr. M3T.1066

Apr.1065

Total

14 to 19 yearsMajor activity:

Going to school.Ail other

20 to 24 years. . . .25 to 54 years . . . .55 years and over. .

Female14 to 19 years. .Major activity:

Going to school.All other

20 to 24 years25 to 54 years55 years and over. .

2,288

1,313285

143142182624

975274

11416017745174

2,442

1,564238

MONTHLY REPORT on the LABOR FORCE VoL 12 N U · SUMMARY EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENTS,...

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