Monitoring of forest fires (wildfires):

European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS)

&

Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS)

Duarte Oom & Tomas Artes

EFFIS Team

(jrc-effis@ec.europa.eu)

European Commission Joint Research CentreDirectorate E: Space, Security and MigrationDisaster Risk Management Unit, Ispra (VA), Italy

Definition and scope of EFFIS

• System established by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and DG Environment (ENV) as focal point for

information on forest fires in Europe (1998)

• Provides EU level assessments during both pre-fire and post-fire phases, thus supporting fire

prevention, preparedness, fire fighting and post-fire operations

• Complements national fire information systems through the provision of harmonised data, methods

and standards

• Copernicus Emergency Management Services since 2015

Users

• EC Services, European Parliament, national/regional forest fires and civil protection services of EU

and non-EU countries

• FAO, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, FAO Silva Mediterranea

EFFIS fire monitoring cycle – Pre-during-post

Fire

DetectionDanger

Forecast

Burnt

Area

Maps

Potential

Soil

Erosion Estimates

Vegetation

Regeneration

Forest fire events

CORINECode

CORINE Class Non-BurnedArea (ha)

BurnedArea (ha)

% Burned

112 DISCONTINUOUS URBAN FABRIC 109878 42 0.0%

211 NON-IRRIGATED ARABLE LAND 1194065 6990 0.6%

212 PERMANENTLY IRRIGATED LAND 682939 403 0.1%

221 VINEYARDS 134274 2843 2.1%

222 FRUIT TREES AND BERRYPLANTATIONS

123157 1398 1.1%

223 OLIVE GROVES 518360 2421 0.5%

241 ANNUAL CROPS ASSOCIATED WITHPERMANENT CROPS

16563 10 0.1%

242 COMPLEX CULTIVATION PATTERNS 1007677 5040 0.5%

243 LAND PRINCIPALLY OCCUPIED BYAGRICULTURE, WITH SIGNIFICANTAREAS OF NATURAL VEGETATION

773877 11269 1.4%

244 AGRO-FORESTRY AREAS 164627 2314 1.4%

311 BROAD-LEAVED FOREST 840208 1006 0.1%

312 CONIFEROUS FOREST 526430 3812 0.7%

313 MIXED FOREST 573425 3930 0.7%

321 NATURAL GRASSLAND 1247403 6448 0.5%

322 MOORS AND HEATHLAND 260835 1628 0.6%

323 SCLEROPHYLLOUS VEGETATION 2070419 25793 1.2%

324 TRANSITIONAL WOODLAND-SHRUB 1044180 5266 0.5%

331 BEACHES, DUNES, AND SAND PLAINS 31072 68 0.2%

332 BARE ROCK 22903 59 0.3%

333 SPARSELY VEGETATED AREAS 249691 437 0.2%

334 BURNT AREAS 19081 2102 9.9%

UNCLASSIFIED FOREST SURFACES 1371987 17445 1.3%

TOTAL 12983050 100724 0.8%

Landcover

Damage

Assessment

Emissions

Assessment

EFFIS DB

EFFIS Network – 42 countries

PT, ES, FR, UK, IT, CH, DE, SE, NO, BE, CZ, AT, SI, HR,FI, PL, SK, HU, MK, GR, EE, LV, LT, RO, BG, TR, CY, IE, MA, LB, ME, BS, KO, AL, RU, ALG, LEB, MOR, TUN, IL

EFFIS Current Situation

EFFIS Applications

Active fire and burnt area mapping

MODIS 1km

VIIRS 375m

MODIS 250mFire perimeterRefined with S2

Severity-NBR

Landcover assessmentCorine LC

Spatial distribution of large fires in Europe

20172018

Spatial distribution of fires mapped in EFFIS – 20th June 2019

Burnt areas : 206 593 ha Number of fires: 1370Until 21 June 2019

GWIS – Global Wildfire Information System

Towards global wildfire monitoring:

JRC - http://gwis.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Wildfire science is at a loss for comprehensive data

An international monitoring initiative is crucial for understanding wildfires and reducing their damage

Nature (Bowman, July 2018)

GWIS concept:

follows the EFFIS (European Forest Fire Information System) fire cycle:

• Build on existing

tools/knowledge

• Seek synergies from existing

initiatives

• Seek both technical and

institutional support &

development

• Establish and maintain a global

partnership*Under development

*

* *

*

Main achievements of GWIS – 2017-2019

Support to the European Commission Emergency Response Coordinating Centre– 2019

Wildfires in Guatemala

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

GWIS- BurnedAreasandNumberofFiresinGuatemala

Numberoffires BurntAreas(ha)

Em ergency Response Coordinat ion Centre ( ERCC) – ECHO Daily Map | 2 7 / 0 1 / 2 0 1 7

Chile - Forest fires

FI RE DANGER FORECAST

for 2 8 January ( JRC- GW I S)

P a c i f i c O c e a n

I m pact in the Maule region due to forest fires as of 2 7 January

9 dead people

3 0 injured people

5 0 0 0 evacuated people

1 0 0 0 dam aged houses

I m pact due to forest

f ires

9

2

Sources: OSM, JRC-EFFI S, ONEMI , Local m edia

Red Aler t in Valparaíso,

Metropolitana,

O’Higgins, Maule,

Coquimbo, Biobio

Red Alerts as of 2 7

January ( ONEMI )

Pacif ic

OceanAt lant ic

Ocean

EU Contr ibut ion

EUCPT of eight people leaving on 28 January

Santa Olga

Damaged houses

Evacuated people

Dead people

Injuredpeople

Hotspots detected

by JRC- EFFI S

27 Jan26 Jan

Burnt area as of 27 Jan

Burnt areas detected

by JRC- EFFI S

Legend

Chile_24_1_2017_18

Chile_25_1_2017_18

Chile_26_1_2017_18

Chile_27_1_2017_18

roads

Burnt area as of 26 Jan

Burnt area as of 25 Jan

Burnt area as of 24 Jan

Main roads

Missingpeople

• Hot and dry weather conditions with locally very intense gusty winds are forecast to prevail during the next ten days over

the affected areas. Maximum temperatures are expected reaching 33 to 35°C with locally gusty winds over-topping 40 to 45 km/h

W eather forecast

2

5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

2

1 8

7

1

• 1 4 2 fires

• 7 7 active fires

• 5 1 under control

• 1 4 fires extinguished

2 8 9 9 7 4 ha affected by forest fires

MauleRegion

Sources: Meteocent re,ECMWF, Meteochile

Portugal Cont ribut ion

Ground forest firefighting teams

France Contr ibut ion

Ground forest firefighting teams

Spain Cont ribut ion

Ground forest firefighting teams

P

7.0 – 8.0 M

Tsunam i 2 0 1 0

M 8 .8Depth: 3 .5 km

2 7 Feb 2 01 0 5 2 6

Earthquake Magnitude

• Fire danger conditions, led by very hightemperatures in the last week, resulted in

numerous fire outbreaks in Portugal on17 June. Two large fires have causeddamage. One is located in Figueiro dosVinhos, Pedrogao Frande and Castaheirade Pera and has burnt an area of 16 724

ha. Another one in Gois and Pampilhosada Serra and has burnt an area of 4 526ha.

• The Portuguese National Authority forCivil Protection (ANPC) reported, as of 19June, that 62 people died and 58 peoplewere injured.

• On 18 June, Portugal activated the EU

Civil Protection Mechanism (EUPCM) torequest aerial and terrestrial firefightingmodules. Assistance from France, Italyand Spain has been deployed. An EUCPMliaison officer arrived to Portugal on the

same day.• The Copernicus Emergency Management

Service was activated by the PortugueseNational Authority for Civil Protection on18 June and maps are currently being

produced.• According to the EFFIS, the fire danger

risk is expected to remain "high" over 19-20 June.

Sources: EFFI S, PROCI V, I PMA, ECHO, Local Media

Em ergency Response Coordinat ion Centre ( ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map | 1 9 / 0 6 / 2 0 1 7

Portugal - Forest fires

SI TUATI ONSPAI NBurnt Area detected by JRC- EFFI S

Hotspots detected by JRC- EFFI S

19 June

19 June

Situat ion overview

5 8 injur ied

Dozens displaced

6 2 people dead

People evacuated

Canadair water drops 19-20 June

Burnt area JRC, as of 19 June

People dead

People injured

Municipality 1 9 Jun °C/ w ind I n t en.

2 0 Jun°C/ w ind I n ten .

Figueiro dos Vinhos

36°C 36.2°C

Light EModerate NE

Castanheira de Pera

36°C 36.3°C

Moderate E Light E

Pedrógão Grande

37°C 37.2°C

Moderate E Light NE

Sertã 39.6°C 38.9°C

Light E Light E

Maxim um Tem perature and W ind

Forecast ( I PMA, as of 15.00 UTC)

FI RE DANGER FORECAST FOR 2 0 JUNE

JRC-European Forest Fire I nformat ion System (EFFI S)

UCPM Contributions

2 Canadairs and 1 Beech

2 Canadairs (EU Buffer Capacity)

• 2 air tractors (EU Buffer Capacity)

• 2 ground forest fires modules with around 120 firefighters and 26 vehicles

1 ERCC Liaison Officer

• Several forest fires continue to burn in central and southern Italy, especially inAbruzzo, Campania, Calabria and Sicily island.

• Italian Civil Protection reported, as of 12 July, 29 air interventions requested: 9

from Sicily, 6 from Calabria, 5 from Campania, 4 from Basilicata, 2 from Abruzzo, 1from Umbria, 1 from Sardegna and 1 from Lazio. They also mentioned, as of the

same date, that 11 Canadair and 9 helicopters were deployed to the affected areas.Local media reported, as of 12 July, two people injured in Messina, several homesevacuated and several roads have been closed in the Vesuvio volcano area

(Campania).

• High temperatures and dry conditions could still affect the areas of the fires on 12July, with max. temperatures locally over 37°C in Palermo and Messina, 34 °C inNaples and 32°C in Latina. On 13 July, max. temperatures are forecast to start

decreasing gradually. On 13-14 July, max. temperatures are expected dropping to32°C in Messina, 32-34°C in Palermo, 30-32°C in Naples and 31-32 °C in Latina.

According to EFFIS the fire danger forecast is expected to remain from "Moderate"to "Extreme" for southern Italy on 13 July.

Em ergency Response Coordinat ion Centre ( ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map | 1 2 / 0 7 / 2 0 1 7

I ta ly – Forest Fires

SI TUATI ON

M AP 2 : BURNT AREAS AS OF 1 2 JULY – VESUVI O ( N APLES PROVI NCE)Source: JRC-EFFI S

MAP 3 : BURNT AREAS AS OF 1 2 JULY – MESSI NA AND REGGI O CALABRI A PROVI NCES

Source: JRC-EFFI S

FI RE DANGER FORECAST FOR 1 3 JULY

JRC-European Forest Fire I nform at ion System ( EFFI S)

MAP 1 : BURNT AREAS AS OF 1 2 JULY – LATI NA PROVI NCE

Source: JRC-EFFI S

Reggio Calabria

VillaSan Giovanni

Messina

Sperlonga

Fondi

I t r i

Torre del

Greco

Ercolano

Torre

Annunzia ta

San Giuseppe

Vesuviano

Ottaviano

Terzigno

San Giorgio

a Crem ano

CALABRI A

SI CILYCAMPANI A

LAZI O

#

#

Burnt Areas

Hotspots – 12 July

Hotspots – 11 July

Main roads

Municipality boundary

Sources: I t alian Civ il Protect ion, MeteoAM, EFFI S, Media

People evacuated

People injured

12

3

Near Real time (NRT)

Archive Global Wildfire Events (2001-2018)

Okawango Australia

jrc-effis@jrc.ec.europa.eu

http://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu

http://gwis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

Thank you