Modulo 5 tecnologia eb
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FEIXE DE ELÉTRONS NA CURA POR RADIAÇÃO E
SUAS APLICAÇÕESWilson Aparecido Parejo Calvo
Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações
IPEN-CNEN/SP
Paulo Roberto Rela
CBE
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APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION AND RADIOISOTOPES TECHNIQUES IN INDUSTRY
�Gamma irradiation�Electron beam irradiation�Accelerator irradiation�Ion beam irradiation
�X-ray fluorescence (XRF)�Neutron activation analysis (NAA)�Ion beam analysis�Radiometric measurements�Related techniques
�Radiography�Digital radioscopy�Computer tomography�Nuclear related techniques
�Transmission�Backscattering�Multibeam & multienergy �Computer tomography�Low activity �Prompt Gamma (PGNAA)�Delayed gamma (DGNAA)�Gamma loggers
RADIOTRACERS AND SEALED SOURCES
NDTNUCLEONICS
GAUGES
NUCLEAR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
RADIATION PROCESSING
INDUSTRY
�Residence Time Distribution�Mass balance�Thin Layer Activation�Gamma scanning�Neutron backscattering�Computer Fluid Dynamics�Single Particle Tracking�Emission computer tomography
Source: IAEA
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Gamma Rays ( 60Co) Electron Beam
(10 MeV, 50 kW)
X-Rays
(5–7 MeV)
Gamma Rays, Electron Beam and X-Rays
Source: IBA and IPEN-CNEN/SP
50 cm (1,0 g/cm 3)10 kGy/h
5 cm (1,0 g/cm 3)72 MGy/h
> 50 cm (1,0 g/cm 3)100 kGy/h
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CCC CC C
Ligação molecular carbono-carbono antes da cura (LINEAR)
Ligação molecular carbono-carbono, após a cura utilizando Electron Beam (RETICULADO)
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
FUNDAMENTOS DA TECNOLOGIA POR FEIXE DE ELÉTRONS
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� Os elétrons penetram no material com velocidade de 2/3 da luz
� As duplas ligações carbono-carbono são rompidas formando radicais livres
� Os radicais procuram níveis de energia mais baixos ligando-se a outros radicais curando o material
� A cura é praticamente instantânea
� Processo a frio (acréscimo de até 15oC) e evita distorção
� Não há necessidade de fotoiniciadores
� O produto não fica radioativo
Não curado
Curado por EB
CCC CC C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
PROCESSO DE CURA POR FEIXE DE ELÉTRONS (EB)
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� A cura por EB é definida em função do nível do tratamento/ beneficio desejado que depende da quantidade de energia a ser depositada ou transferida ao produto –Dose de radiação
� Dose de radiação é definida como a quantidade de energia depositada em uma determinada massa de produto
� Unidades utilizadas:
Gray= Joule/kg
Rad= 100Gy(USA)
PARÂMETROS ENVOLVIDOS NO PROCESSO
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
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X-ray conversion
Sterilization
Wire & Cable,Waste Water Treatment
Foamed P. E. PlasticsRubber Tire
Heat Shrinkable Tubing
De-NOx/De-SOx ofExhaust Gas
Curing(Coating/Lamination/Printing)
Acc
eler
atio
nV
olta
ge(k
V)
100
200
300
500
1000
2000
5000
Acceleration Voltage X Application
Dos
e (k
Gy)
100
300
Dose X Application
10
20
30
50
40
Ste
riliz
atio
nF
oam
ed P
.E.
Cur
ing
P.V
.C.W
ire
P.V
.C.T
ape
P.E
.Wire
Rub
ber
Tire
Hea
t Shr
inka
ble
Tub
ing
De-
NO
x/D
e-S
Ox
ofE
xhau
stG
as
ELECTRON BEAM APPLICATIONS
Source: IAEA
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IAEA Specific Safety GuideSSG-8
Radiation Safety of Gamma, Electron and X RayIrradiation Facilities
Categoria I
Categoria II
Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA)
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Classificação dos Aceleradores de Elétrons (função da energia do feixe de elétrons)
� Baixa energia: 150 keV to 300 keV
� Média energia: 300 keV to 5 MeV
� Alta energia: 5 MeV to 10 MeV
Vantagens e Limitações no Processamento por Feixe d e Elétrons
� Vantagens: alta velocidade de processamento de prod utos bem
definidos e de grandes superfícies com espessuras f inas
� Limitações: baixo poder de penetração
ACELERADORES INDUSTRIAIS DE ELÉTRONS
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Aplicações dos AceleradoresIndustriais de Elétrons
150 keV - 300 keV
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SOLVENTE
PIGMENTOS
RESINA
ADITIVOSADITIVOSADITIVOS
RESINARESINA
PIGMENTOSPIGMENTOS
DILUENTE REATIVODILUENTE REATIVO
FO
TO
INIC
IAD
OR
SISTEMA CONVENCIONAL
SISTEMA UV SISTEMA EB
SISTEMAS DE CURA (Térmica, UV e EB)
Source: RadTech South America
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EB versus UV (Free Radicals)
� High energy� High crosslinking density
� High penetration into opaque materials� No photoinitiators� Speed cure at hundredths of seconds
� Effectiveness on thin layers materials
� Elaborate formulation for thick layers
� Low penetration limited to clear materials
� Photoinitiators need� Speed cure at tenths of seconds
Electron beam curing has several advantages over conventional thermal curing methods:
Improved parts; improved material handling; ability to combine various materials and functions in a single operation; ability to
utilize lower cost tooling; and reduced cure times
UV/EB RADIATION CURING - PERFORMANCE
Source: RadTech South America
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ENERGYVoltage (keV) Layer thickness (µm)
150 100175 150200 250300 500
VELOCITY PROCESSING
Dose (kGy) Velocity (m/min) Applications
20 0-600 Silicone application
30 0-600 Printing
60 0-200 Adhesives
ELECTRON BEAM (EB) CURING
ITEMS DURABILITY
Titanium window 2,000 hours
Tungsten Filament 10,000 hours
O-rings 2,000 - 5,000 hours
Maintenance time * 20 - 30 hours/year
* Maintenance cost per year = ~ 5% of the Electron Beam Accelerator’s price
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
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0
100
200
300
0 100 200 300 400
Penetração (microns)
Ene
rgia
(ke
V)
Penetração do Feixe de Elétrons (EB)
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Sistemas Solvente Cura EB
� Revestimento sólido 60% 100%
� Energia para curar (kJ/m 2) 328 0.86(solvente = 27,3 kJ/g eEB dose = 30 kGy)
� Energia elétrica (Wh/m 2) 91 0.24
Economia de Energia Elétrica
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
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� Zero VOC*: ASTM D5403-93 (2013) Standard Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials
� Não há eliminação de gases ( greenhouse )
� Redução de perdas
Amigável ao Meio Ambiente
*VOC – Componentes orgânicos voláteis
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Web widths: 20 to 66” (508 to 1,676 mm)
Speed capability: 335 m/min
Thickness: 0.03 mm
Web widths: 30 to 120” (762 to 3,048 mm)
Speed capability: 305 m/min
Thickness: 0.35 mm
Energy Scineces, Inc. (ESI)(www.ebeam.com)
UV/EB RADIATION CURING - Equipments
Source: ESI
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PCT Engineered Systems, LLC(www.teampct.com)
UV/EB RADIATION CURING - Equipments
Voltage: 125 to 300 keV
Web widths: 130” (3,300 mm)
Voltage: 70 to 125 keV
Web widths: 36”(914mm) to 68”(1,727mm)
Source: PCT
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UV/EB RADIATION CURING
e5
efficient
enabling
economical
energy savings
environmental friendly
Source: RadTech
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� Cura de materiais estruturais (materiais compostos)
X-33/Venture StarF22- ASTOVL
� Cura de silicones, adesivos e filmes
� Cura de revestimentos e tintas de impressão08/03/2008 : Food Contact
Notification (FCN) 772 -Food and Drug
Administration (FDA)
Permite o contato direto dos revestimentos
curados por UV&EB com alimentos
APLICAÇÕES
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⇒⇒⇒⇒ Application of Radiation Technology in the Developm ent of Advanced Packaging Materials for Food Products : Development of Advanced Food Packaging Materials
Based on Polymer Petroleum-Derived for Pre-Packaged Irradiated Foods and Based on Biobased and Compostable Materials for Dry Food Packaging
Source: IAEA and IPEN-CNEN/SP
Advanced Packaging Materials
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DISINFESTATION OF SEEDS
Low Energy Electron Beam (105 to 145
keV)
Sources: Fraunhofer Institut-FEP (DRESDEN, Schimdt Seeger AG)
E-ventus (30 tons/h, € 35/ton, € 1.5 million)
SeedsFlowEB
Seed Treatment Principle Seed surface Seed layers
Disinfestation:
Chemical = 5%EB = 11%
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América do Norte (RadTec 2006):mercado de 5 a 10% das curas por radiação (UV/EB)
Mercado total de produtos UV/EB (2005) = 95.000 ton
Gary Cohen Executive Director RadTech 2006
MERCADO PARA OS ACELERADORES DE ELÉTRONS (150keV – 300keV)
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Aplicações dos AceleradoresIndustriais de Elétrons
300 keV - 10 MeV
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Source: IBA and IPEN-CNEN/SP
ELECTRON BEAM (EB)
FEIXE DE ELÉTRONS
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� Aceleradores dimensionados pelo
fabricante
� Alta blindagem
� Formação de raios X durante a
irradiação
� Necessitam atmosfera inerte em
função da formação de ozônio
� Exaustão
ACELERADORES DE ELÉTRONS NO IPEN-CNEN/SP (1,5 MeV)
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Atmosfera inerte � Escala de laboratório= amostra contida em recipiente fechado
� Escala industrial = Fluxo de gás inerte entre a janela do acelerador e a amostra
PROCESSO DE CURA POR FEIXE DE ELÉTRONS NO IPEN-CNEN/SP (1,5 MeV)
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IRRADIATION OF WIRE/ELECTRIC CABLES AND POLYETHILINE FOAM
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
ACOME (Brazil) = 15,000 km/month
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Source: IAEA and IPEN-CNEN/SP
HEAT SHRINKABLE TUBES IRRADIATION
SEMICONDUCTORS IRRADIATION and POLYMER DEGRADATION
PTFE (TeflonTM)PoweredDiodes
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Japan: Automobiles
tires = 95%
IRRADIATION OF TIRES COMPONENTES
BRAZIL: Bridgestone-Firestone
Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
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� Indústrias Automobilísticas e Aeroespaciais
Materiais Compósitos
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Materiais Compósitos
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ACELETRON INDUSTRIAL IRRADIATION
18 kW (10 MeV)
Source: ACELETRON
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Source: IPEN-CNEN/SP
• Potatoes and Onions (0.05-0.15kGy)• Bread (2-10kGy)
• Military Food (10-50kGy)
• Strawberries (0.2-1.0kGy)
Brazilian Agrobusiness:43% of the total exportation
FOOD IRRADIATION
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RHODOTRON TT200 (100 kW)
⇒⇒⇒⇒ Radiation Curing of Composites for Enhancing their Features and Utility in Health Care and Industry: Development of Radiation
Processing to FunctionalizeCarbon Nanofiber to Use in
Nanocomposite for Industrial Application
Source: IAEA, IPEN-CNEN/SP and CBE
Sterilized Medical Devices:135.000 m³/year
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STERILIZATION OF MEDICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
World: ~60% (1500 electron beam accelerators)
Source: IAEA
STERILIZATION PROCESSESNECESSARY CONTROLS
Gases Liquids Vapor Filtration Radiation
Time xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxTemperature xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx
Package xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxPressure xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxHumidity xxxxxx xxxxxx
Concentration xxxxxx xxxxxxpH xxxxxx
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Source: EB-Tech
�Beam Energy: 0.4 ~ 0.7 MeV�Beam Power: 20 kW�Total weight: 40 tons
MOBILE ELECTRON ACCELERATOR
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Mobile e-beam in flue gas purification from oil-refinery in Saudi Arabia
Source: EB-Tech
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MUITO OBRIGADO !