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Transcript of Module introduces you to Badakhshan Emphasis on: Geography & topography Human terrain Recent history...
PROVINCES OF AFGHANISTANBadakhshan
Module introduces you to BadakhshanEmphasis on:
Geography & topographyHuman terrainRecent historyEconomics Security situationPoliticsDistricts
OVERVIEW
BLOCK 1: GEOGRAPHY
Location: NE AfghanistanArea: 15,786 sq miles
47,403 sq km
Terrain:90% mountainous…including High PamirsNumerous peaks over 20,000 feet
Amu Darya watershedFew all-weather roads
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Wakhan MountainsSefi
d K
ers
Khvaje
h M
oham
ed R
ange
Pan
j R
iver
Panj R
iver
Wakhjir Javan Pass(Into China)
Jaman Pass(Tajikistan)
Baroghil Pass(Into Pakistan)
Pamir River
Dora Pass
Turghan Pass
Mon
jani
Riv
er
Hindu K
ush R
ange
Qala Panja Pass
Anjoman Pass
Deforestation from 1980s to presentLittle or no erosion controls in place
Flash flooding problems
Temperate grasslands, savannahsGissaro-Alai woodlands along Pamir RiverCommon plants:
Pistachio AlmondWalnutAppleJuniper Sagebrush
FLORA
Montane grasslands & shrublandsHindu Kush alpine meadowsNorthern and southwestern regionsMeadows and birch forests
Karakorum-West Tibetan alpine steppe
Wakhan CorridorPamir alpine meadow and desert
FLORA
Desert and Xeric shrublandsAfghan mountains semi-desertSouth of FayzabadCommon plants:
Thorny bushesZizyphusAcaciaAmygdatus
FLORA
Paropamisus xeric woodlandsNorthwest and central BadakhshanCommon plants:
PistachioAlmondWillowsSea buckthorn
FLORA
Strategic borders:PakistanChinaTajikistan
1896: border settled with RussiaCapital: Faizabad, Fayzabad
Estimated population: 61,000
Districts: 28Number of villages: 1,851
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
Wakhan Mountains
TAJIKISTAN
Takhar
Panjshir
Nuristan
PAKISTAN
CH
INA
Fayzabad
BLOCK 2: HUMAN TERRAIN
Population: 819,00096% ruralAvg household: 6 membersMale: 51%; Female: 49%
Ethnic composition:Tajiks (majority)PamirisUzbeks
HUMAN TERRAIN
Ethnicity (Cont’d):Pockets of Ismai’lis along Tajik borderSome Ghilzai Pashtuns, KirghizHazara, TurkmenKuchi nomads
Move into province in summer185,000Winter population: 9,500
HUMAN TERRAIN
Religion:Virtually all residents are MuslimSunni majorityMany Pamiris are Shi’a/Ismaili
Languages: Dari (77%)
HUMAN TERRAIN
Languages (Cont’d):Various Pamiri dialects
ShughniMunjiIshkashimiWakhi
Uzbeki (12%)<2% speak Turkmen, Pashto, Nuristani dialects
HUMAN TERRAIN
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
100200300400500600700800900
1000
Female MaleBoth
Year
Pop
ula
tion
(1
,00
0s)
POPULATION DATA
TajiksHistorically dominantPartly based on tribes
ShaqanyQharqhzaZebaki
SunniGenerally favor Jamiat-e Islami party
ETHNIC BADAKHSHAN
Isma’ilisNot really an ‘ethnicity’……but Muslim sectMinority branch of Shi’aFollowers of Agha Khan
Predominate in Shighnan & WakhanFew once gravitated to Khalq, Maoists
ETHNIC BADAKHSHAN
BLOCK 3: HISTORY
HISTORY
Part of Sassanid EmpirePersiansBadaxs = official Persian title
Silk Road ran through hereEarly East-West trade routeMarco Polo traveled through here
Sassanid Empire
HISTORY
19th century: Great GameBritish India vs RussiaBadakhshan in betweenExplorers reconnoiter territory
1896: Wakhan Corridor createdBadakhshan ‘panhandle’Given to AfghanistanBuffer between Russia, British India
MODERN HISTORY
November 1979: Most of Badakhshan in insurgent handsFayzabad controlled by insurgents
Government, Soviets interveneFayzabad occupied Dec 1979
Main Soviet garrison: FayzabadRest of province in Muj handsRemote Soviet bases supplied by helo
MODERN HISTORY
1982: Soviets blocked Anjoman Pass
Key insurgent logistics route
Jamiat-e Islami strongholdProminent leader: Burhanuddin RabbaniOriginally from FeyzabadPresident of Afghanistan in 1990s
Small HIG base in southern Badakhshan
Commander: Mohammed Bashir
MODERN HISTORY
1991: Muj capture most of province1990s: Northern Alliance stronghold
Never invaded/occupied by TalibanBase for NA anti-Taliban operations
BLOCK 4: ECONOMY
Water access:Household access to irrigated land: 42%Household access to rain-fed land: 65%
Agriculture:Income for 55%+ of households47% own or manage agricultural land
ECONOMY -- Agriculture
Crops:WheatBarleyMaizeRice FlaxMelons
ECONOMY -- Agriculture
Industrial crops:Not as prevalent as in other provincesCottonSesameTobaccoSugarPoppies
Honey
ECONOMY
Income for 21% of populationCattleDonkeysSheepGoatsHorses
ECONOMY – Animal Husbandry
Trade & services:32%: income from trade & services
Mineral resources:Lapis LazuliSilverCopperIronLead depositsRubiesEmeralds
ECONOMY – Trade & Minerals
Literacy rate: 31%Highest provincial rate
Male literacy: 38%Female literacy: 21%Literacy – males ages 15-24: 46%Literacy - females ages 15-24: 27%
DEVELOPMENT -- Education
Kuchi literacy: <5%Primary schools (boys): 336Primary schools (girls): 12Secondary schools (boys): 59Secondary schools (girls): 23School attendance:
Ages 6-13: 46%Boys ages 6-13: 49%Girls ages 6-13: 46%
DEVELOPMENT -- Education
Education access:Primary school in village: 25%5-10 km to primary school: 16%10+ km to primary school: 15%Secondary school in village: 13%5-10 km to secondary school: 18%10+ km to secondary school: 28%
DEVELOPMENT -- Education
Higher education:University of Badakhshan
Faculty of EducationFaculty of MedicineTotal enrollment (2005): 22352% of students were female in 2005
Badakhshan Teacher Training InstituteEnrolled 357 students in 2005
DEVELOPMENT -- Education
(As of 2005)Health centers: 33
Of 1,851 villages only 56 have clinics5-10 km to reach clinic: 16%10+ km to reach clinic: 50%
Hospitals: 2Doctors: 36Nurses: 85Pharmacies: 120
DEVELOPMENT – Health Care
Drinking water:Access to safe drinking water: 13%Direct access to drinking water in community: 68%Travel up to 1 hour to access drinking water: 16%Travel up to 6 hours to access drinking water: 12%
DEVELOPMENT – Water
Toilet facilities:None (open bush/field): 14%Open pit: 27%Traditional covered latrine: 55%Flush latrine: <1%
DEVELOPMENT – Sewage
Electricity access:Around 1% have access to electricity
Transport:Roads for all-season car traffic: 25%Roads for seasonal car traffic: 18%No roads: 57%
DEVELOPMENT – Electricity & Roads
Never
Rarely 1-3 times
Sometimes 3-6 times
Often Few times month
Mostly Happens a lot
Households
10% 27% 48% 9% 6%
DEVELOPMENT DATA
Problems Satisfying Food Need of the Household During Last Year
40% get less than needed daily calories for good health
70% have little or no dietary diversityIn 2005 24% relied on food aid
BLOCK 5: POLITICS
FORMAL POLITICAL SYSTEM
Kabul has the power – by designIntended to throttle back warlords
As a consequence:Governor appointed by PresidentGovernor reports to PresidentMinistries maintain local departments
Departments report to Kabul not Governor
Elected Provincial Council reports to President
Dr. Shah Waliullah AdeebBorn: 1969 in BadakhshanEthnicity: TajikEducation:
High school in PeshawarMasters and PhD from Khartoum University
Appointed: 31 October 2010Escaped assassination June 2011
BADAKHSHAN: Governor
Dr. Shah Waliullah AdeebMember of Jamiat-e IslamiClose to Burhanuddin Rabbani
Former President of AfghanistanAssassinated 2011
Previous assignments:Ministry of EducationWorld Bank, KabulProfessor, Kabul University
BADAKHSHAN: Governor
Assassinated 2011Born in Faizabad, 1940Ethnicity: TajikEducation:
Faculty of Shari’a, Kabul UAl-Azhar, Cairo, mid-1960s
Professor of Sharia, Kabul UFounder of Jamiat-e Islami PartyPresident of Afghanistan, 1990s
Burhanuddin Rabbani
Eldest son of BurhanuddinThird of ten children
Education:King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Dhahran – 1989-1995
Several years in Dubai in export businessSpent many years in UKWife is dental hygienist Returned to Afghanistan, 9/15/01
SALAHUDDIN RABBANI
BLOCK 6: SECURITY
Historical ethnic tensions:Resettled Kuchis & UzbeksResettled Kuchis & Isma’ilis
1975 Islamist revolt against DaudBased in Kidhim, Argu districtsPrimarily linked to Hezb-e Islami
Anti-Soviet uprisings, 1979-1980Jamiat-e Islami dominated resistance
Some Hezb-e Islami, Harakat activity
BADAKHSHAN SECURITY
Some intra-Jamiat tensionsJamiat-HIG clashesCommunal land disputesInsurgent inroads in southSome insurgents sympathy in:
Keran-e MunjanJurmYamganWarduj
BADAKHSHAN SECURITY
“Each district of Badakhshan has its own distinctive character. Steep Shuhada was a spectacular canyon lined with golden wheat terraces, dark cherry orchards, and hot springs. The Jurm valley was broader and more barren, interrupted by deep green wedges of forest and field where nourishing streams broke out of the mountains. In the fertile highlands of Khash, the streams were densely lined with a reed used for classical Persian calligraphy pens, and the roads were brazenly lined with poppy fields.”
Joel Hafvenstein, Opium Season
BLOCK 7: DISTRICTS
DISTRICT GOVERNMENT
Sub-Governor (woluswal)Police ChiefNDS OfficerSome Ministry sub-DepartmentsTaliban shadow governments
ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT
Location: central BadakhshanEnvironmental features:
AvalanchesSeasonal flash floods
District center: ?
ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT
Est. population: 15,000Ethnicity:
TajiksKuchi nomads in summerPashtuns
ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT: Economy
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsCowsSheep
ARGHANJ KHWAH DISTRICT: Economy
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 7%No roads: 93%
Created 2005 out of FayzabadLocation: east BadakhshanArea: 1,032 sq kmDistrict center: ArgoNumber of villages: 145Est. population: 84,000Ethnicity: Tajik & UzbekDominant languages: Tajik and Uzbek
ARGO DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarleyMaizePoppySesameTobacco
Industry:Kilm weavingHoney, sugar extracts
ARGO DISTRICT -- Economy
Education:Available for about 50% of childrenPrimary schools: 21Secondary schools: 9
Medical:Clinics: 1
ARGO – Development Data
Roads:Cars all season: 56%Cars seasonal: 14%No roads: 30%New Faizabad-Argo road completed 2009
NGOs:Afghan Aid
ARGO – Development Data
Location: central BadakhshanDistrict center: Do AbEst. population: 33,000Ethnicity: TajikDominant language: Dari
BAHARAK DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarleyWalnutsCherries
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepCows
BAHARAK DISTRICT -- Economy
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 74%Cars seasonal: 12%No roads: 14%
NGOs:Afghan AidAga Khan Development Network
Security:May 2010: insurgent attack on district HQ
BAHARAK DISTRICT
Created 2005 out of FayzabadLocation: western BadakhshanEnvironment:
Seasonal flash foodsDistrict center: Darayim
DARAYIM DISTRICT
Est. population: 38,000Ethnicity:
TajiksUzbeks
Dominant language:Dari
DARAYIM DISTRICT
Crops: Wheat Barley Poppy
Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep
DARAYIM DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 58%Cars seasonal: 25%No roads: 17%
Security:Poppy eradication underway, 2008May 2010: IED killed 6 ANP
DARAYIM DISTRICT
Also: Darwaz-e Balaye Nesai
Location: northern BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya River
DARWAZI BALAI NESAY DISTRICT
Est. population: 27,000Ethnicity:
TajiksPamiris
Dominant languages:DariVarious Pamiri dialects
DARWAZI BALAI NESAY DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
Industry:Karakul skinsDried sugarConfections
DARWAZI BALAI NESAY DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 1%Cars seasonal: 0%No roads: 99%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
DARWAZI BALAI NESAY DISTRICT
Also: Darwaz-e Payeen Mamay
Location: northern BadakhshanBorders on TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya River
Est. population: 23,000
DARWAZI PAYIN MAMAY DISTRICT
Ethnicity:TajiksPamiris
Dominant languages:DariVarious Pamiri dialects
DARWAZI PAYIN MAMAY DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
Industry:PotteryJewelry
DARWAZI PAYIN MAMAY DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 0%No roads: 100%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
DARWAZI PAYIN MAMAY DISTRICT
Location: central BadakhshanKokcha River runs through it
District center: Fayzabad CityEst. population: 61,000
FAYZABAD DISTRICT
Ethnicity:TajiksUzbeks
Dominant language:Dari
History:1978-1979: anti-Soviet resistance
Soviets occupy city
Major USSR garrison town in 1980s
FAYZABAD DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
Others:Local trade and commerce hubRice and flour mills
FAYZABAD DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 23%Cars seasonal: 55%No roads: 21%
NGOs:ACTED
FAYZABAD DISTRICT
Location: east AfghanistanBorders Pakistan:
Northern Areas
Borders TajikistanDistrict center: Ishkashim
ISHKASHIM DISTRICT
Est. population: 13,000Ethnicity:
Tajiks
Dominant language: DariHistory:
20 July 1991: liberated by Muj
ISHKASHIM DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeys
ISHKASHIM DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 26%Cars seasonal: 21%No roads: 54%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
ISHKASHIM DISTRICT
Location: central BadakhshanEst. population: 52,000Ethnicity:
Tajiks
Dominant language: Dari
JURM DISTRICT
Crops: WheatBarleyPoppy
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepPoultry
JURM DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 66%Cars seasonal: 8%No roads: 23%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
Marked improvement in female education
Security:Minimal central government presencePrevious problems with local warlords
JURM DISTRICT
Location: central BadakhshanDistrict center: KhashEst. population: 15,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
KHASH DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
KHASH DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 67%Cars seasonal: 14%No roads: 19%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
Politics:District Sub-Governor: Haji Atiqullah
KHASH DISTRICT
Location: NW BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya RiverDistrict center: KhwahanEst. population: 14,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
KHWAHAN DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
Industry:PotteryJewelry
KHWAHAN DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 10%No roads: 90%
KHWAHAN DISTRICT
Also:Kuran wa MunjamKaran 0 Manjam
Location: southern BadakhshanBorders Pakistani’s Northern AreasTagab-e Anjuman river flows through itTagab-e Munjam river flows through it
KIRAN WA MUNJAM DISTRICT
District center: Kiran wa MunjamEst. population: 8,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
KIRAN WA MUNJAM DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeysPoultry
KIRAN WA MUNJAM DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 7%Cars seasonal: 22%No roads: 71%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
Security:Aug 2010: 10 aid workers killed in Taliban ambush
KIRAN WA MUNJAM DISTRICT
Also: KeshimLocation: western BadakhshanIncludes Kishim RiverDistrict center: KishimEst. population: 71,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
KISHIM DISTRICT
Crops:CottonSesameTobaccoSugar extracts
Big regional poppy producerAnimal husbandry:
GoatsSheep
KISHIM DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 59%Cars seasonal: 27%No roads: 14%
NGOs:ACTED
KISHIM DISTRICT
Also: KuhistanLocation: central BadakhshanEst. population: 16,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
KOHISTAN DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
KOHISTAN DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 0%No roads: 100%
NGOs:CONCERN
KOHISTAN DISTRICT
Location: northern BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya RiverDistrict center: Kufab
KUFAB DISTRICT
Est. population: 21,000Ethnicity:
TajiksPamiris
Dominant language: DariPamiri dialects
KUFAB DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeysCattle
KUFAB DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 0%No roads: 100%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
KUFAB DISTRICT
Location: north BadakhshanBorders TajikistanPart of Amu Darya RiverEst. population: 29,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
RAGHISTAN DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheepDonkeysPoultry
RAGHISTAN DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 19%No roads: 81%
NGOs:CONCERN
RAGHISTAN DISTRICT
Also: Shahri BuzurgLocation: western Badakhshan
Border on Tajikistan Seasonal flash floodingStill recovering from 1998-2005 drought
District center: KhordakanAlso primary district market
SHAHRI BOZORG DISTRICT
Est. population: 45,000Ethnicity:
TajikPamiriUzbek
Dominant language: Dari
SHAHRI BOZORG DISTRICT
Subsistence farming dominates Arable land:
Less than 10% of land area
Water sources:Primarily rain-fed agriculture
SHAHRI BOZORG -- Economy
Crops:WheatBarleyRiceAlfalfaPoppyApricotsMulberriesPistachios
SHAHRI BOZORG -- Economy
Animal husbandry:Accounts for <25% of household incomeGoatsSheepCows
Other:Seasonal laborRemittances from IranGold mining
SHAHRI BOZORG -- Economy
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 4%Cars seasonal: 28%No roads: 68%
Electricity:No public electricityGenerators rare
SHAHRI BOZORG DISTRICT
NGOs: ACTED
Food security:Lack of dietary diversityWheat bread diets & tea predominate
SHAHRI BOZORG DISTRICT
41%
18%
11%
3%
27%
Very Poor
FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESShahri Bozorg District
44%
14%
12%3%
27%
Poor
FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESShahri Bozorg District
49%
19%
8%
5%
19%
Better-Off
FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESShahri Bozorg District
Ownership largely involves animals, trees and a few household items. There are few household items of money value and the agriculture tools are simple and basic.
- Oxfam study of Buzurg-i Shahri, 2007
Location: NE BadakhshanBorders TajikistanIncludes part of Panj RiverMountainousDistrict center: Bashur
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT
Est. population: 23,000 – 30,000Ethnicity:
Pamiris-IsmailisTajiks
Dominant language: DariPamiri dialects
Religion: Shi’a (Ismaili); Sunni
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT
Historically isolated, marginalizedBuffer zone between:
AfghanistanBritish IndiaRussia
1925: revolt against King AmanullahResponse to taxation & conscription policiesRevolt crushed
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT -- History
1960s to 1980s: Appeal of communismEspecially for Ismaili intelligentsia……who reacted against Kabul’s Pashtunization policiesMany Ismai’lis drawn to Khalq or Maoists
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT -- History
1980-1988: ‘Golden Age’ for Shighnan
War did not affect this area muchResidents promoted to key PDPA positions
Four were provincial PDPA Governors
Relative prosperity
1990s: Mujahedin periodTajikization of ShighnanDisplacement of many Shighnan officialsDrugs, contraband trade increased
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT -- History
Economy:Crops:
Wheat Barley
Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT
Development data:Relatively high literacy rateChronic food deficitsRoads:
Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 0%No roads: 100%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
SHIGHNAN DISTRICT
Location: northern BadakhshanBorders on TajikistanIncludes part of Amu Darya RiverEst. population: 18,000
SHIKI DISTRICT
Ethnicity:TajiksPamiris
Dominant language: DariReligion:
Sunni IslamSizeable Shia minority
SHIKI DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
SHIKI DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 3%Cars seasonal: 0%No roads: 97%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
SHIKI DISTRICT
Location: eastern BadakhshanEst. population: 26,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
SHUHADA DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
Wheat Barley
Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry
SHUHADA DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 89%Cars seasonal: 3%No roads: 8%
NGOs:Afghan Aid
SHUHADA DISTRICT
Also: TagabLocation: west BadakhshanTerrain: mountainous
Taqab River flows through it
Est. population: 24,000Ethnicity:
TajiksInflux of Kuchis in summer months
Dominant language: Dari
TAQAB DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
WheatRicePistachio
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
TAQAB DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 58%Cars seasonal: 15%No roads: 27%
Politics:Sub-Governor: Haji Awrang
Security: no active insurgent movement
TAQAB DISTRICT
“Tagab was safe. Every Afghan I spoke to agreed that if I had wanted to walk from one end of the district to the other, I would be fine. Awrang’s deal with the people didn’t depend on force or threats, but on his continued supply of benefits and his own reputation for honesty. As far as I could see, he was trying to cast himself as the new Ahmad Shah Massoud, and wanted to keep his reputation untainted by corruption and poppy.”
Joel Hafvenstein, Opium Season
Also TaskhanLocation: western BadakhshanEst. population: 27,000Ethnicity:
TajiksKuchi migrants in summer
Dominant language: Dari
TISHKAN DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
Wheat Barley
Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry
TISHKAN DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 16%Cars seasonal: 26%No roads: 56%
TISHKAN DISTRICT
Location: east BadakhshanBorders:
Pakistan’s Northern AreasTajikistanChina
Est. population: 12,000
WAKHAN DISTRICT
Ethnicity:TajiksPamirisKirghiz
Dominant languages: DariPamiri dialects
WAKHAN DISTRICT
1895 Afghan-Russian border settlement
British ‘offered’ Wakhan to AfghansBritish desired buffer with Russian Empire
1979: Soviet invasionMay & June 1980: Soviets occupy WakhanLater assumed district administrationSoviets limited access to eastern areasGoal: prevent Chinese arms shipments
Persistent rumors Wakhan ceded to USSRLate July 1991: liberated by Muj
WAKHAN DISTRICT: History
Economy:Crops:
WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep Donkeys
Industry:Silk
WAKHAN DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 11%Cars seasonal: 46%No roads: 43%
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
Security:UN: Low Risk/Permissive Environment
WAKHAN DISTRICT
“The Wakhan Corridor is a heady ethnic and linguistic mix coupled with profound religious differences: Ismailis fervently loyal to the Aga Khan, the 49th Imam, who saved them from certain starvation during the civil war in Tajikistan; Shiites; covert Buddhists; remnants of pre-Islamic paganism reminiscent of that in Ladakh and Nepal; and even vestiges of Zoroastrianism.”
-- Dr. Thomas Markey & Dr. Jean-Claude Muller
“…there was a unanimous belief that the Afghan government is simply an outrageous band of crooks on the take and that Hamid Karzai is chief among them. This disgust cut across all linguistic, age and belief groups.”
-- Dr. Thomas Markey and Dr. Jean-Claude Muller
Also: WardujCreated out of Baharak, 2005Location: central BadakhshanEst. population: 20,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
WURDUJ DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
Wheat Barley
Animal husbandry: Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry
WURDUJ DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 68%Cars seasonal: 9%No roads: 23%
NGOs:Afghan Aid
Security:UN: Low Risk/Permissive Environment
WURDUJ DISTRICT
Location: NW BadakhshanEst. population: 48,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
YAFTALI PAYIN
Crops:SesameTobacco
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
Industry:HoneyDried sugarJewelry
YAFTALI PAYIN
Development data:Roads:
Cars all-season: 15%Cars seasonal: 27%No roads: 58%
NGOs:ACTED
YAFTALI PAYIN
Created out of Fayzabad District, 2005Also called Yaftali PayinLocation: western BadakhshanEst. population: 49,000Ethnicity: TajiksDominant language: Dari
YAFTALI SUFLA DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
Wheat Barley
Animal husbandry:GoatsSheep
Security:UN: Low Risk/Permissive Environment
YAFTALI SUFLA DISTRICT
Also: Yamqan, YumganCreated out of Baharak in 2005Location: central BadaskhshanEst. population: 22,500Ethnicity:
TajiksPamiris
Dominant language: Dari
YAMGAN DISTRICT
Crops:WheatBarleyPoppyWalnuts
Animal husbandry:DonkeysGoatsSheep
Industry: Rugs
YAMGAN DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 5%Cars seasonal: 21%No roads: 74%
Medical:No clinics
NGOs:Aga Khan Development Network
Security:UN: Low Risk/Permissive Environment
YAMGAN DISTRICT
Created out of Ragh in 2005Location: western BadakhshanBorders TajikistanSeasonal flash flooding problemsStill in recovery from 1998-2005 droughtDistrict center: Sar-e Pul
Also primary district market Est. population: 27,000Ethnicity: Tajik, Pamiri, Uzbek
YAWAN DISTRICT
Subsistence farming dominates economyArable land:
Less than 10% of land
Water sources:Primarily rain-fed agriculture
YAWAN -- Economy
Crops:WheatBarleyRiceMelonsPotatoesAlfalfaPoppyPistachiosApricots
YAWAN -- Economy
Animal husbandry:<25% of household incomeCowsSheepGoats
Industry:RugsPotteryHoney production
Other:Remittances from IranSeasonal laborGold mining
YAWAN -- Economy
Other:Remittances from IranSeasonal laborGold mining
YAWAN -- Economy
Chronic food insecurityWheat bread diets & tea
Roads:Cars all seasons: 0%Cars seasonal: 19%No roads: 81%
Electricity:No public electricityGenerators rare
YAWAN -- Development
NGOs:ACTED
Security:UN: Medium Risk/Unstable Environment
YAWAN -- Development
Ownership largely involves animals, trees and a few household items. There are fewhousehold items of money value and the agriculture tools are simple and basic.
- Oxfam study of Yawan, 2007
41%
18%
11%
3%
27%
Very Poor
FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESYawan District
44%
14%
12%3%
27%
Poor
FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESYawan District
49%
19%
8%
5%
19%
Better-Off
FoodHousehold ItemsMedicalEducationCredit
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESYawan District
YAWAN PASS
Location: east BadakhshanBorders Pakistan
Northern AreasNo designated border crossing into Pakistan
Includes Sanglich, Warduj RiversAvalanches, flash floodsDistrict center: ZebakEst. population: 6,500
ZEBAK DISTRICT
Ethnicity:TajiksPamiris
Languages: DariPamiri dialect
History:16 July 1991: liberated by Mujahedin
ZEBAK DISTRICT
Economy:Crops:
WheatBarley
Animal husbandry:SheepCattleGoatsHorses
ZEBAK DISTRICT
Development data:Roads:
Cars all seasons: 4%Cars seasonal: 33%No roads: 63%
Food security persistent challengeNGOs:
Aga Khan Development Network
Security:UN: Low Risk/Permissive Environment
ZEBAK DISTRICT