Module 8: Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only) 8.1 Cell Respiration.
Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)
description
Transcript of Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)
![Page 1: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Module 8:Cell Respiration and
Photosynthesis(Option C for SL only)
8.1 Cell Respiration
![Page 2: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8.1.1 State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element, whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen, whereas reduction frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining hydrogen.
Word Meaning
Oxidation Electrons lostOxygen gainedHydrogen lost (H+ also called proton)
Reduction Electrons gainedOxygen lostHydrogen gained (H+)
Phosphorylation The addition of a phosphate group
Decarboxylation The removal of a carbon
![Page 3: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8.1.2 Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation.
(G3P)
(fructose-1,6-bisphosphate)
Reduction
Substrate level phosphorylation – phosphate added directly onto ADP
![Page 4: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron micrographs.
Label: Cristae, inner membrane, outer member, intermembrane space, matrix, ribosomes
![Page 5: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role of NADH + H+, the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.
• Pyruvate enters mitochondrion• Enzymes in matrix remove a carbon (decarboxylation) and
hydrogen (oxidation)• Hydrogen is accepted by NAD+ (forms NADH)• The whole process is called oxidative decarboxylation• The product is an acetyl group that reacts with coenzymeA
(CoA)• Acetyl CoA then enters the Krebs Cycle
![Page 6: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role of NADH + H+, the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.
![Page 7: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role of NADH + H+, the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.
• Occurs in matrix of mitochondrion• Decarboxylation occurs• Oxidation/removal of hydrogen by NAD and FAD• Substrate level phosphorylation
![Page 8: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role of NADH + H+, the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120071/bio11.swf
![Page 9: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role of NADH + H+, the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.
• Transfer of hydrogen to inner membrane carriers• Hydrogen is pumped across inner membrane• Creates a concentration gradient• Electrons transferred between carriers• Chemiosmosis• Hydrogen ions passes down concentration gradient through
ATP synthase• Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and this forms water
![Page 10: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8.1.5 Explain oxidative phosphorylation in terms of chemiosmosis.
• This involves the movement of protons (H+) to provide energy for the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the electron transport chain (ETC)
• ATP synthase found on the inner mitochondrial membrane uses the H+ gradient to make ATP
• H+ move passively down the concentration gradient back
into the matrix• 1 NADH = 3 ATP• 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
![Page 11: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8.1.6 Explain the relationship between the structure of the mitochondrion and its function.
• Cristae increase SA for ETC function• Membranes provides barrier for proton accumulation• Enzymes embedded in membranes in order for ETC and
chemiosmosis to occur.
![Page 12: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Location Reactants Products Oxygen required?
Glycolysis
Link Reaction
Krebs Cycle
ETC + Chemiosmosis
Summary Chart (1 glucose)
Task: Try filling the chart out!
![Page 13: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Location Reactants Products Oxygen required?
Glycolysis Cytoplasm 1 glucose2 ATP
2 pyruvate2 ATP2 NADH
No
Link Reaction Mitochondrial matrix
2 pyruvate 2 acetyl CoA2 NADH
No (but will occur in the presence of O2)
Krebs Cycle Mitochondrial matrix
2 acetyl CoA 2 ATP6 NADH2 FADH2
4 CO2 (released)
No
ETC + Chemiosmosis
Inner mitochondrial membrane + intermembrane space
6 NADH2 FADH2
3 x 6NADH = 182 x 2FADH2 =422 ATP
Yes
Summary Chart (1 glucose)
![Page 14: Module 8 : Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis (Option C for SL only)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062723/56813b64550346895da464e6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ATP used ATP made NADH, FADH2 made
Total ATP
Glycolysis 2 4 2 NADH x 3 = 6 (but 2 ATP are used to transport pyruvate into mitochondria)
8
Link Reaction 0 0 2 NADH x 3 = 6 6Krebs Cycle 0 2 ------------------- 2ETC and chemiosmosis
0 0 6 NADH x 3 =
182 FADH2 x 2= 4
22
Total 38
ATP Count