Module 2-C Vehicles Generally characterized as either being passenger or freight Freight equipment is hauled primarily with diesellocomotives Passenger vehicles are usually locomotive hauled or self-propelled. Freight Car Types Box Cars Open Hoppers Closed Hoppers Gondolas
Great decals DRGW_13386 Freight Car Types Intermodal Specialty Auto racks
boeing blogs .com 38-4[1] Reddit.comUnion-Pacific-Autoflex[1] Self-Propelled Locomotive Hauled
Passenger Vehicles Self-Propelled Locomotive Hauled Self Propelled Vehicles Street Cars
Small narrow vehicles that tend to mingle withautomotive traffic Predominantly electrically powered lightrail now phi-lrv-rte11_rtt[1] urban one.com Portland_streetcar[1] Self Propelled Vehicles Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs)
Larger articulated vehicles than street cars Stops (stations) are slightly further apart Tend to be separated from street traffic Predominantly electrically powered DSCF5555[1] normal_Baltimore_LRV_01[1] Self Propelled Vehicles Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs)
Multiple unit train powered by onboard dieselengines Power transmission Diesel-mechanical Diesel-hydraulic Diesel-electric High acceleration due to distributed tractive effort Suitable for routes with closely spaced stations Better availability based on redundancy of systems Self Propelled Vehicles Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs)
Gtw_riverline[1] UPXatMimico[1] NJT River Line Metrolinx Colorado Rail Car _d5aabb190d[1] Self Propelled Vehicles Electrical Multiple Units (EMUs)
Multiple Unit train utilizing electric power Usually consists of two or more semi-permanentlycoupled vehicles High acceleration based on distributed adhesion Can be dual mode AC-DC or AC-Diesel Suitable for routes with closely spaced stations Better availability based on redundancy of systems Self Propelled Vehicles Electrical Multiple Units (EMUs)
subchat.com _37264a8a14_b[1] normal_080715_1398[1] NJT Arrow III SEPTA SLV Metro North M-8 Locomotive Hauled Electric
Overhead catenary powered Multiple Voltages 25kV/60 Hz, 12kV/25 Hz, 12.5 kV/60 Hz High Power (ex. 6.4MW/8600HP) AC 3 Phase Motors IGBT Converter 320 kN / 72,000 lbs of Tractive Effort Max. Speed 125mph Head End Power (HEP) 1000 kVA, 3ph, 480 V/60 Hz Locomotive Hauled Electric Locomotive Hauled Electric
SEPTAAEM-7 AMTRAK ACS-64 NJT ALP-46 MARC HHP-8 Locomotive Hauled Diesel
Diesel Electric (diesel engine coupled to alternator) HP to 4600hp 2 cycle and 4 cycle models Medium speed and High speed engines Increased emission requirements (ex. Tier IV) Diesel Locomotive Schematic
Locomotive Hauled Diesel
subchat.com PL42AC_4012_Bound_Brook[1] 2001shipper from Boise MBTA HSP-46 NJT PL-42 Amtrak P-40 Locomotive Hauled Dual Power
Used where diesel is prohibited Provides service to urban and rural areas 750 Vdc and Diesel OH Catenary and Diesel (25kV/60 Hz, 12kV/25 Hz, kV/60 Hz) Locomotive Hauled Commuter
Transit agencies including NJT, SEPTA, MARC, MBTA,MNR, LIRR, etc. Push pull operation (locomotive at one end and acab car at the other) railroad.net normal_2308b[1] rooshvforum.com 1115-mbta-mt1[1] Locomotive Hauled Intercity
AMTRAK Service Electric locomotives (AEM-7, HHP, ACS 64) Diesel locomotives (P-40) Dual Power (P-32) Acela Power Car 123mobilewallpapers.com amtrak-train-mountains_wallpaper[1] Trucks (Bogies) Structure beneath vehicle that accommodates thewheels and axles Provide suspension, propulsion, and braking Many types of applications Inboard Bearing Outboard Bearing 2 or 3 axle Chevron, coil, and leaf spring suspensions Trucks (Bogies) Siemens.com SOICRL201208-03_072dpi[1]
NJ TRANSIT ML TRUCK Brakes Pneumatically operated systems Regenerative Systems
Based on the Westinghouse air brake system. air reservoirs are provided on every vehicle the train pipe is charged with a positive air pressurefrom air compressor Vehicle brakes are released and air reservoirs arecharged Engineer applies brakes by venting train pipe (ie brakepipe) Brakes Pneumatically controlled systems (GeorgeWestinghouse design) Brakes Control limited by the speed of air sometimesresulting in train handling issues Braking effort is usually through pneumaticallyactuated tread brake blocks Brakes ECP Upgrade Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes (ECP)eliminates the time delay associated with standardair systems Brakes Each car is fitted with aECP manifold and iscontrolled by a ECPtrainline Advantages of ECP brakesystems Less coupler wear Less track wear Less brake shoe wear Reduced stopping distances Regenerative Brake System
Brakes Tread Brake Units (TBUs)
Brake Block is applied to wheel tread Pneumatically operated with mechanical advantage Parking brake may be an integral part Brakes Inboard Discs Inboard of the wheel bearings
Brake pad applied to disc Provide more braking effort than TBUs Better heat dissipation Removes the chance of blueing a wheel Easier for maintenance Brakes Outboard Discs Brake disc is attached to the outside of the wheel Used as a supplement to TBUs Allows easy access for maintenance and inspection Can be a challenge for clearance Brakes Track Brakes Used primarily on street cars and LRVs
Application of braking shoes directly to the track Current is applied to strong electromagnet coilswithin the shoes. HVAC Split Systems are being phased out
Overhead modular units are becoming prominent Compressors are becoming smaller Hermetically sealed New refrigerants to replace R-22 Microprocessor Systems
Almost all systems are microprocessor controlled PropulsionBrakes Low Voltage Power SupplyBattery Charger Monitoring and DiagnosticsHVAC Doors Communications Lighting Digital Communications
Data trainline network (DTN) Data Car Network (DCN) Train to wayside communications Car level diagnostics Train Level diagnostics Bench test equipment Materials Traditional Materials - Carbon Steel, Aluminum andStainless Steel Progression to more sophisticated materials such ascarbon fiber, honeycomb composite panels Use of 3d printed materials is just being evaluated Materials need to meet stringent smoke, flame andtoxicity requirements Materials Monocoque Carbodys
Platform vs. Monocoque Monocoque structures utilized for load capacityand weight requirements Materials Composites Composites used in components requiring complexshapes such as endbonnets, body cladding, HVprotection panels, etc. Materials CEM CEM is a requirement in latest standards
Protection of occupied spaces including theengineer are paramount Methods for CEM include Shear back couplers Collapsible elements utilizing honeycomb materials Weakening of specific structural elements to controlprogressive deformation Seat compartmentalization CEM CEM CEM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUpUJrk4QBE CEM Seat Compartmentalization Passenger Accessibility
US vehicles need to comply to 49 CFR part 38 Horizontal and Vertical gaps addressed forplatforms Audio requirements for the visually impaired Visibility requirements (stair treads, destinationsigns, etc.) Passenger emergency Intercoms PEIs Access for mobility devices Passenger Accessibility Door Configurations
Single leaf, bi-parting, plug, pocket, traps Passenger Accessibility Floor Heights
Commuter Platform height (52 from top of rail) Trap door access 70% low floor 100% low floor Rail Vehicles encompass all of the engineering sciences
Dynamics Thermodynamics Heat Transfer Mechanics of Materials Fluid mechanics Power Control systems Physics Thank You Questions James Martin P.E., P.M.P.