Modes of Transporation of Crude Oil & Gas- TARIQ SINDHI

7/31/2019 Modes of Transporation of Crude Oil & Gas- TARIQ SINDHI

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TARIQ AZIZ SINDHI16th August 2012


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Cross Country Movement of Oil

Modes of Product Transportation

Road, Railway, Coastal Pipelines : An Introduction

Advantages of Pipeline Transportation

Beginning of Pipeline in Oil Transportation

Development of pipelines in India

Pipeline Network in India

References

Outlines:


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OIL

(Vital source of energy, essential for

domestic, industry, agriculture andtransport sectors)

Cross Country

Movement of Oil


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Crude Oil Finished Product

From Wells toGathering Stations

From Refineries to

Consumption Centres

From GatheringStations to Refineries

From ports toConsumption Centres

Cont.


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Road

Railway

Coastal

Pipeline

Modes of Product

Transportation


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Most of the major consumption centers in India are

land-locked.

This makes only Road, Rail and Pipeline as thefeasible means of transportation of petroleum.

Tankers are used for movement between coastallocations.

Modes of Product

Transportation


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Plays a crucial role in countrys transport sector forgoods and passengers.

For movement of petroleum products over longdistances, road transportation is not very cost effectiveand efficient.

Feasible only for short distances and secondarymovement of petroleum products.

Though movement by road results in excessiveconsumption of diesel and is a potential safety andenvironmental hazard, it still enjoys a large share in themodal mix due to unavoidable short distance movementfrom bulk depots to retails outlets.

Road


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Traditionally, Railways have been the largest

transporter of POL; developed since earlier days andcover substantial parts of the country.

Besides petroleum products, railways also transportgoods and passengers. Capacity of railways has already been over-stretched.

With continuing growth on all spheres, railwaystransportation capacity would fall short of thetransportation requirements.

Due to cross-subsidisation, the freight for petroleumproducts is high.

Rail transportation also leads to high energyconsumption, environmental pollution and transitlosses.

Railway


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Since the major consumption centers of the country

are located in the hinterland, the movement ofpetroleum products through tankers is somewhatlimited.

Tankers are used for movement between coastal

locations.This mode also suffers from capacity constraints in

terms of draft availability, navigational facilities,jetties etc.

Coastal


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Pipelines

and The Most Important


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The term pipeline in broader sense means a

facility used to transport commodities from pointof receipt to the point of delivery.

Many commodities are transported throughpipelines.

Crude oil, petroleum products and gas are perhapsthe most common commodities transported bypipelines.

Pipelines


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AdvantagesofPipeline

Transportation


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Lower cost of transportation Lower transit losses Lower energy intensiveness Economies of scale

Safety and Reliability -minimumdisruptions Environment friendliness

Advantages


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Multi-product handling Stationary carrier Augmentation at low costMinimal land costsDecongestion of surface transport

systems

Pipelines are the best suited mode fortransportation of large volumes of petroleum overlong leads.

Cont.


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The first cross country oil pipeline was laid in

Pensylvaniain 1879 from Bradford to Allen town, about109 miles long and 6in diameter.

The long distance pipeline transportation got a boostduring World War II when coastal tanker traffic wasdisrupted.

Discoveries of giant oil fields in remote parts of theworld led to planning and execution of correspondinglylarge pipeline networks.

Pipeline industry has grown in parallel with thedevelopment of world oil industry over the last onecentury.

Beginning of Pipelines in Oil

Transportation


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Most of the earlier Refineries in India wereinstalled at coastal locations, thus depending on

coastal movement of crude oil.

Further, the refining capacities being low, theproducts were either consumed locally ortransported to the consumption centers by rail or

road.After 1960, most of the Refineries were installed in

land-locked locations necessitating laying of crude& product pipelines.

Development of

Pipelines in India


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During 1960-63, Oil India Limited laid thefirst trunk crude oil pipeline, 1156 km longfrom Naharkatiyaand Moran oil fields to theRefineries at Guwahatiand Barauni.

The first cross country product pipeline waslaid by IOCL during 1962-64 to transport

products from Guwahati Refinery to Siliguri. Subsequently, a number of product and

crude oil pipelines were laid in the 60s, 70sand 80s, including sub-sea crude oilpipelines.

Cont.


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Development of

Pipelines in India


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The pipelines laid during the 60s were designed,

engineered and constructed by foreign companies.However, the exposure to this technology enabledIndian engineers to gain confidence, and thepipelines which came up later, were designed and

constructed with indigenous expertise.The country today has about 20,000 km of major

crude oil and product pipelines.

Cont.


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www.google.com

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Pipeline Divisionwww.wikipedia.com

www.spe.org

References:
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.spe.org/http://www.spe.org/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/


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Thanks a lot..!!!

Modes of Transporation of Crude Oil & Gas- TARIQ SINDHI

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