Modern wood products and technologies for construction& introduction of -eng

Tirana, Albania, 29th September 2011 Reinhard Brandner Institute for Timber Engineering and Wood Technology 1

Modern Wood Products and Technologies for Construction & Practical Application of the Interactive Catalogue for Timber Construction www.dataholz.com

R. BrandnerGraz University of TechnologyCompetence Centre holz.bau forschungs gmbh

structural timber glued lam. timber GLT duo | multi girder trio | multi girder cross laminated timber CLT


overview

CONTENT TIMBER at Graz University of Technology

Motivation Engineered Timber (System) Products – general aspects | processes linear engineered timber products & roof structure principles 2D engineered timber products online tool www.dataholz.com


overview




GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Austria / Europe7 faculties | 11,264 students | 1,222 employees (2010)budget: € 150 Mio. (1/3 third-party)

Institute for Timber Engineering and Wood Technology

Competence Centre holz.bau forschungs gmbh

Faculty of Civil Engineering Sciences17 institutes | about 1,250 students (2010)[328 “diploma”, 672 “Bachelor”, 158 “Master”, 93 “PhD”]

1991: Chair for Timber Engineering10|2004: Institute Timber Engineering and Wood Technologyscientific staff: 7.0 FTE | third-party-budget: € 320,000

(2010)

09|2002 Acceptance of 4-year-fundings: Competence Center Timber Engineering and Wood Technology

12|2002 Competence Centre holz.bau forschungs gmbh09|2007 Acceptance of 5-year-fundings: K-Project

“timber.engineering” | COMET-Programscientific staff: 7.0 FTE | budget: € 950,000 (2010)

TIMBER at Graz University of Technology


Timber Engineering (TE) – Design and Construction SciencesShell & Spatial Timber Constructions | Innovative and Intelligent Connection Systems

TIMBER at Graz University of Technology

Wood Technology (WT) – Material and Structure SciencesAdvanced Products and Test Methods | Material Modelling and Simulation Methods

14161820222426283032343638404244464850

14161820222426283032343638404244464850

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3010 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

ft,0,l,05 [N/mm²]

f m,g

,05

[N/m

m²]

nach [24] bzw. EN 1194:1999:fm,g,k = 7 + 1,15 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [22]: fm,g,k = 12 + ft,0,l,k

nach [20]: fm,g,k = (2,35 - 0,035 ∙ ft,0,l,k) ∙ ft,0,l,k

prEN 1194 (1994): fm,g,k = 9 + 1,2 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [23]:fm,g,k = 6 + 1,05 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [26], > CoV(ft,0,l): fm,g,k = 3,5 + 1,25 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [26], < CoV(ft,0,l): fm,g,k =3,5 + 1,15 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [21]: fm,g,k =10 + 1,4 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [18]:fm,g,k =7,35 + 1,12 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [18], ref. NA data: fm,g,k = -12215,3 + 2145 ∙ ln (ft,0,l,k)

nach [25]: fm,g,k =6,82 + 1,22 ∙ ft,0,l,k

nach [28]:fm,g,k = 2,7 ∙ ft,0,l,k

0,8

nach [27]: fm,g,k =9,5 + ft,0,l,k

unpublished proposal (2006): fm,g,k = 6 + ft,0,l,k

CoV(fm,g) = 10 ÷ 20 %

CoV(fm,g) = 15 %CoV(ft,0,l) = 30 ± 10 %

fm,g,05 = m ∙ ft,0,l,050,82

m = f {CoV(ft,0,l), CoV(fm,g)}


overview




motivation

what we want …


roof construction of a family house

bearing structure: primary construction: solid, finger jointed construction timber, glulam secondary and bracing elements: slats, boards, beams

motivation


motivation

agricultural building

bearing structure made of round timber!


motivation

pin-supported & free-span roof elements 2D-timber elements (e.g. CLT)


motivation – VIP hangar at Vienna Airport | AT

wide-spanned structures framework 7 m high | span 75 m | width 60 m | set-up time 3.5 weeks!


motivation

what we need …

… reliable & powerful timber products EWPs… efficient & economic connection techniques… innovative & creative engineering art


overview




EWPs – process principles

raw material

breakdown

trimming

(kiln)drying

engineered timber (system)

products EWPs

GRADING

BONDING

system of strength (stiffness) classes

cross | edge | face QU

ALI

TY A

SSU

RA

NC

E


system of strength (stiffness) classes for SOFT- and HARDWOODS, e.g. EN 338

reached by fulfilment of grading requirements regulated by grading class systems, e.g. DIN 4074, EN 14081

NOTE: grading depends on later application (later stresses / strains)! visual grading (e.g. share of knots, checks, warping, annual ring width)

machine grading (e.g. dyn. E-modulus, density, share of knots)

strength (stiffness)

classes

grading methods &

classes

visual grading appearance growth charact.

machine grading

appearance

physical

characteristicse.g. DIN 4074

EN 14081 output or machine controlled

e.g. EN 338EN 14081

STANDARDISED ALLOCATION

PROCESS

control samples(int. / ext. supervision)

+ appearance!

core process I: GRADING … classification of raw material TIMBER


no dimensional restrictions in respect to dimension of the raw material

stiff (rigid) connection homogenisation increased reliability!

cross bonding (e.g. finger jointing) + grading optimised utilisation of raw material!

situated in “clear wood” mainly influenced by production quality necessity to fulfil minimum requirements

edge & face bonding

quality assurance by block shear tests (e.g. EN 392) and / or delaminating tests (e.g. EN 391)

finger joint geometry and production e.g. EN 385 quality assurance e.g. EN 386

I) II) IV)III)

core process II: BONDING … build-up of ENGINEERED TIMBER (SYSTEM) PRODUCTS (EWPs)


linear elements 2D elements (slabs & plates)loaded in / out of plane

beams | girder | scantlings

solid timber finger jointed construction

timber duo- and trio-beams glued laminated solid timber

(GLST)

boards | studs glued laminated timber (GLT) cross laminated timber (CLT)

veneers laminated veneer lumber (LVL) cross laminated veneer lumber

flakes | chips | fibres

long-chip beams oriented strand board (OSB)

parallel-layered cross-layered

classificationbase product geometry / size


overview




linear products: overview product u [%] dimensions surface additionalsawn timber ≤ 20 % slat: t ≤ 40 mm

d < 80 mmboard: t ≤ 40 mm

d ≥ 80 mmbeam: t ≤ d ≤ 3·w

t > 40 mm

unplaned / planed

round timber ≤ 20 % l ≤ 20 md ≤ 300 mm

unmoulded / moulded unweakened cross sections: fm,d / fc,d +20%

finger jointed construction timber

15±3 % w = 60-120 mmd = 120-240 mml ≤ 18 m

planed and moulded (edges)

add. gradingrequirements,e.g.: break-down knot share checks discoloration


product u [%] dimensions surface additionalduo- / trio-beams ≤ 15 % Duo: w = 80-160 mm

d = 100-240 mmTrio: w = 180-240 mm

d = 100-240 mm


e.g.

multi girder ≤ 15 % multiple of duo- / trio-beams!


e.g.

glued laminated timber (GLT)

8-15 % w ≤ 220 (300) mmd ≤ 2000 (3000) mml ≤ 30 (60) mlamella: t = 6-45 mm


e.g.

glued lam. solid timber (GLST)

8-15 % see GLT (tl > 45 mm)acc. prEN 14080:2011:w ≤ 280 mm d ≤ 240 mmlamella: t = 45-85 mmN = 2-5 #


e.g.

linear products: overview


roof structures of single houses: classification acc. static system

roof classification

rafter roof (30 ÷ 60°) purlin roof (10 ÷ 45°)

rafter roof collar beam roof

displaceable

undisplaceable

without brace with brace


rafter roof: types, elements, spans, products

rafter

tie beam

< 7.0 m 0.7 ÷ 1.0 m

wind brace

rafter

tie beam

collar beam

traditional rafter roof three-hinged girder

plate of boards, studs or EWPs (e.g. CLT, OSB, LVL)

wind brace (or formwork) horizontal loads

< 4.5 m

< 12.0 m

twofold standing roof framing lying roof framing

rafters & tie beams … sawn timber finger jointed constr. timber duo- / trio-beams GLT

collar beam roof (undisplaceable) attic conversion!


purlin roof: types, elements, spans, products

without brace with brace

eaves purlin rafter

ridge purlin

main post

single standing roof framing

eaves purlin rafter

intermediate purlins

main posts

twofold standing roof framing

eaves purlin

common rafter

twofold standing roof framing with brace

main posts

intermediate purlins

principal raftertie

sleeper

economical span of purlins: 3.5 ÷ 4.5 m

rafters, purlins, ties, … sawn timber finger jointed constr. timber duo- / trio-beams GLT


bar-like products: fields of applicationtimber lightweight constructions (TLC) |roof structures

rafter

purlin roof structure

intermediate purlin

frame structure

milled log construction

scarf joint


large-span roof structures: structural systems girder

depth D (d) girder

distancespanstructural systemstatic system

straight beam 10 ÷ 35 m D ≥ l / 17 5 ÷ 7.5 m

pitched cambered beam

10 ÷ 35 m d ≥ l / 30D ≥ l / 16

5 ÷ 7.5 m

tapered beam 10 ÷ 35 m d ≥ l / 30D ≥ l / 16

5 ÷ 7.5 m

box girder ≤ 40 m D ≤ 1.5 m

4 ÷ 10 m

truss 7.5 ÷ 30 m 4 ÷ 10 m

three-hinged trusswith tie-rod and trussed beams

20 ÷ 100 m d ≥ l / 40

three-hinged web frame girder

≤ 50 m D ≥ l / 12 4 ÷ 10 m

three-hinged arch 20 ÷ 100 m d ≥ l / 50 4 ÷ 10 m

D ≥ l12 ÷ 15

dD

d = D

d

Glulam Manual (1995); Schickhofer (2006)

d


example: GLT construction


example: GLT construction

reinforcedopenings

girder aspitched cambered beam

purlin


example: CLT & GLT construction (Union swimming hall | AT)


example: LVL construction

source: Buchacher


overview




2D (slab & plate) engineered timber (system) products EWPsoriented strand board (OSB)

stressed out of plane (slab):

L : T ≈ 2 till 2.5 : 1

stressed in plane (plate):

L : T ≈ 1.3 : 1

stron

g axis

„long

itudin

al“

weak axis

„transverse“

force

force

acc. EN 300 composed of long, slender and directed strands and adhesive

density: 500 ≤ ρ12 ≤ 700 kg/m³ high dimensional stability in slab-direction due

to reduced swelling and shrinkage optimised for bending perp. to plane of slab

OSB enables 2-D load transfer ( slab)

distinctive dependency of mechanical characteristics (stiffness, strength) from the direction of stresses


source: EUWID Holz spezial

oriented strand board (OSB) fields of application as load bearing structural elements

as bracing and load bearing sheeting of roof, floor and wall elements

as load distributing element in floor constructions

as load bearing web-material in I-shaped beams ( high shear capacity)

timber light-weight construction engineered timber product


step intermediate product | intermediate production process

gradingfinger jointing

finger-jointed lamella

edge bondingintermediate STEP:single-layer panel

(edge +) face bonding

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)

1.25 m to 3.0 mup to 16.5 m (or longer)

cross laminated timber (CLT): production


example: under-stretched CLT roof construction (BTC testing hall | AT)

5-layered CLT-elements span 20 m OSB decking


example: CLT & GLT roof structure – G3 shopping centre Gerasdorf | AT

hyperbolic paraboloid (HP) shell structure | roof area 60.000 m² | CLT + GLT

source: Graf-Holztechnik source: Graf-Holztechnik

source: Graf-Holztechnik

v i s u a l i s a t i o n


rib floor | slab-girdere.g. CLT, 5-layered + GLT

box sectione.g. CLT, 3-layered + GLT + CLT, 3-layered

cross laminated timber (CLT): CLT in combination with GLT


principles concerning folded panels construction principle from nature “plane-active bearing systems” acc. bionic principles variety of folded panel constructions and applications

cross laminated timber (CLT): folded panels


127

218

466

797

reinforced concrete vs. CLT

concrete CLT

centre of gravityof concrete

centre of gravityof CLT

cross laminated timber (CLT): attics upgrading & earthquakes


new constructionstock record

column-free overspan of roof space

short erection time and immediately usability

flexible use- and adaptable roof space

column-free overspanning of roof space by triangle shaped folded panel of 5-layered CLT-elements, 140 mm thick

shear plates of 5-layered CLT-elements 140 mm thick for bearing of horizontal loads (e.g. wind)

end wall as support of the folded panel

cross laminated timber (CLT): folded panels & attics uprading 20 m free span!


overview




www.dataholz.com – a powerful online tool

collection of … thermal acoustic fire performance requirements ecological drivers for materials

for … architects designers building authorities builders

timber constructions timber components connections

≈ 1,500 #


6 accredited testing & research institutions provide continuous updating HFA | Holzforschung Austria project management IBS | Institute for Fire Protection and Safety Research MA 39 | Testing and Research Institution of Vienna TGM | Institute of Technology for Thermal and Acoustic Performance IBO | Austrian Institute for Healthy and Ecological Building TU Graz | Laboratory for Building Physics leading details!

www.dataholz.com – a powerful online tool

All approved and published parameters are accepted by the Austrian building authorities without any further testing or proof! simplifies the utilization of timber in building construction shortens the project planning phase

www.dataholz.comcommissioned by the Association of the Austrian Wood Industry

marketed by proHolz Austria


www.dataholz.com – e.g. building materials: CLT

linear & 2D timber and other building materials

detailed information for each provided product by …


various types of building components changing in materials and assembly used

www.dataholz.com – e.g. building component: pitched roof

mat

eria

ls

asse

mbl

ies

fi

re

th

erm

al

a

cous

tic

e

co


www.dataholz.com – e.g. component connections: flat roof LEADING DETAILS for provided components supported with data sheets

leading detailswww.bauphysik.tugraz.at


overview


Motivation Engineered Timber (System) Products – general aspects | processes linear engineered timber products & roof structure principles 2D engineered timber products online tool www.dataholz.com CONCLUSIONS


“… building systems including EWPs, efficient connection techniques and well-engineered building physics makes timber roof constructions competitive compared with steel and reinforced concrete …”

CONCLUSIONS


„… building with timber enables

clean and dry working sites short erection times on site

high degree of prefabrication! …

…“

CONCLUSIONS


„… beside that timber is the

sustainable CO2 active standardised natural recyclable …

building material …“

CONCLUSIONS


Contact:Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Reinhard BrandnerInstitute for Timber Engineering and Wood Technology, Graz University of Technology | ATCompetence Centre holz.bau forschungs gmbh Graz | ATInffeldgasse 24/IA-8010 [email protected]: +43 316 873 4605fax: +43 316 873 104605

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Modern wood products and technologies for construction& introduction of -eng

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