Models of Behavioural Change + Health promotion Peer support 2014-15 P and Virginia.
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Transcript of Models of Behavioural Change + Health promotion Peer support 2014-15 P and Virginia.
Models of Behavioural Change + Health promotion
Peer support 2014-15P and Virginia
Defintion
• What is health promotion?– Is the process of enabling people to increase
control over their health and its
determinants and thereby improve the their health
Definition• What is disease prevention?
– Action aim at eradication, eliminating, or minimising the impact of disease and disability or if none of these is feasible, retarding the progress of disease and disability
• What is the difference between health promotion and disease prevention?– Health promotion: Think about the positive
definition of health• Achievning harmony and equilibrium between physical,
emotional and spritiual aspects of health• Freedom to live the fulfest
– Disease prevention: Think about negative definition of health
• Absence of disease
What are the models of Health promotion? (2)
• Ewles and Simnett’s FIVE appraoch• Beattie’s Model of health promotion
Ewles & Simnett’s FIVE Approaches in Health Promotion
ApproachMedical Early detection of smoking related
disorders e.g. spirometryEducational Giving information on health effects
of smoking in schoolsClient Centered Client identifies what they want to
know / do about smokingBehaviour change Smoking cessation supportSocietal change No smoking policies, taxation
No ‘right’ approach, need mix
Beattie’s Model of Health Promotion
INDIVIDUAL COLLECTIVE
AUTHORITATIVE (Top Down)
NEGOTIATED (Bottom Up)
HEALTH PERSUASION (Conservative ideology)
•Behaviour change•Education / advice•Mass media / social marketing
PERSONAL COUNSELLING (Libertarian ideology)
•Counselling•Empowering individuals to make changes
LEGISLATIVE ACTION (Reformist ideology)
•Legislation•Policy making / implementation•Health surveillance
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (Radical pluralist ideology)
•Lobbying•Community development•Action research•Skills sharing
Disease prevention
• What are the 3 level of disease prevention?– Primary, secondary and tertiary
• Defintion?– Primary: prevent disease in the first place– Secondary: find and treat– Tertiary: prevent complication, maintain QoL
What kind of prevention are the following?
• Immunisation before going to medical school• Cervical screening• Stroke rehabilitation• 5-a-day• Regular exercise• Faecal specimen to test for occult blood
Health belief model
• Based on social cognition theory– Transetheoretical model– Theory of planned behaviour– Health belief model
Precontemplation
Preparation
Contemplation
Maintenance
Action
Relapse
Which stages are they?
• Paul is a 40 years old, he stops smoking for 3 months and now he has a stressful situation and he started smoking again
• Steve Way was 16.5 stone, and started exercise, now he is planning to run London Marathon
• Mary, a 32 years old woman. She was just diagnosed with diabetes and was told to lose weight, she is thinking about it.
• Sarah, 19 years old student has been saying that she need to quit smoking for 2 months to her family, and this is the one day she hasn’t smoked
• Harry is a binge drinker, and admitted to hospital because of oesophageal varices, and doctor told him to stop drinking. He said “I don’t give a sXXX of it”
Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Behaviour
BehaviouralAttitude
SubjectiveNorm
PerceivedBehavioural
Control
Behavioural beliefs+
Outcome evaluation
Normative beliefs+
Motivation to comply
Control beliefs +
Self-efficacy
BehaviouralIntention
(Ajzen, 1988)
Health-Belief Model (HBM)
HealthBehaviour
PerceivedThreat
PerceivedSeverity
PerceivedEfficacy
PerceivedSusceptibility
PerceivedBenefits
PerceivedBarriers
(Rosenstock, 1966)