Modeling Tangible User Interfaces
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2Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
The Design Space of TUIsThe Design Space of TUIs
Designers’ Outpost [Klemmer et al.2001]
Navigation Blocks [Camarata et al. 2002]
Media Blocks [Ullmer et al. 2003]
Senseboard [Jacob et al. 2001]QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ComTouch [Jacob et al. 2001]
Tangible Query Interfaces [Ullmer et al. 2003]
3Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Why to Model?Why to Model?
Highlight system properties: observability, predicatability, modes etc.
Expose design issues Compare alternative designs.
Communicate design to SW engineers Communicate design to ‘customers’ Design documentation
Generate code from technology independent spec. Integrate novel technologies
Analysis
Communication
Implementation
4Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Tokens: Physical objects that represent digital information
Constraints: Physical objects that constraint the manipulation of tokens by: Suggesting how to manipulate a token Physically constraining Providing a frame of reference
TAC: A relationship between a token and a set of constraints which encapsulates a set of manipulation actions
A Framework for modeling TUIsA Framework for modeling TUIsToken and Constraints (TAC) ParadigmToken and Constraints (TAC) Paradigm
5Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Describing a TUI using TUIVISDescribing a TUI using TUIVIS
interaction
3
dialogueassociation
1 2
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
TAC Palette Dialogue diagram
Task diagram
6Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Graphical Representation of Graphical Representation of Tokens and ConstraintsTokens and Constraints
Data Token
Tool Token
Constraint Representation
surface
rack
indentation
knob
slider
connector
Tokens Constraints
7Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Combining Tokens and Constraints Combining Tokens and Constraints into TACsinto TACs
m
n
8Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
The TAC PaletteThe TAC Palette
TAC Representation Association Manipulation
Variable Token Constraint TAC graphics Action Response
1 building building model surface
other buildings
Add displays shadow according to time.
Remove Removes related info from display
move Updates display
2 distance Distance tool Two buildings
Surface
Add Displays distance
remove Hides distance
m
n
m
9Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
The TAC PaletteThe TAC PaletteTAC Representation Association Manipulation
Variable Token Constraint TAC graphics Action Response
1 building building model surface
other buildings
Add displays shadow according to time.
Remove Removes related info from display
move Updates display
2 distance Distance tool Two buildings
Surface
Add Displays distance
remove Hides distance
3 wind simulation
Wind tool Buildings
surface
Add Displays wind
Remove Hides wind
move Updates wind
m
n
m
m
n
10Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Describing the Tangible DialogueDescribing the Tangible Dialogue
High level states
Transitions
Element Description
Internal state A vector of the current values of application variables
Physical state
A vector of instantiated TAC relationships
Tasks A set of tasks that could be completed within this state. These tasks can be performed either sequentially or in parallel depends on the satisfaction of their preconditions
wind
move
mater.ial
orien.t
time
dist.
Source Representation
Timer
System
User Interaction
Tacit Interaction
Trigger
11Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Constructing the Dialogue DiagramConstructing the Dialogue Diagram
What is the initial state of the system? What tasks are users willing to accomplish while interacting with
the URP interface? Start from the start state and repeat until you can’t find new
states: What event change the set of tasks users can perform in this state? Create a new state, describe the new set of tasks.
12Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Dialogue DiagramDialogue Diagram
wind
move
time
mater.
orien.
addBuilding /shadow(T)
addBuilding /shadow(T)
removeBuilding /shadow(F)
addBuilding /shadow(F)
removeBuilding numOfBuilding=2/shadow(F)
removeBuilding numOfBuilding>2/shadow(F)
wind
move
time
mater.
orien.
dist.
13Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Task DiagramTask DiagramURP - distance measuringURP - distance measuring
Legend
Building model
Distance tool
n,m >=0 n<=m/2
14Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Constructing a Task DiagramConstructing a Task Diagram
What is the physical state of the system prior to the first action aimed at accomplishing this task?
What are the actions users perform toward accomplishing this task?
What physical interaction objects are needed for each action? What is the physical state of the system after an action was
performed? What is the internal state of the system after an action was
performed? When does the system physical state goes back to its state prior
to the execution of the first action?
15Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Task DiagramTask DiagramURP - distance measuringURP - distance measuring
Legend
Building model
Distance tool
n,m >=0 n<=m/2
16Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
SummarySummary
interaction
3
dialogueassociation
1 2
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
TAC Palette Dialogue diagram
Task diagram
17Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Project 1, Part 2Project 1, Part 2Analyzing TUIsAnalyzing TUIs
What to submit: A TAC Palette A dialogue diagram At least two task diagrams Discussion of the following topics:
• Observability and predictability:» Does the physical state of the system indicate to the user the internal state of the
system? Is there information in the internal state that is not presented in the physical state?
» Does the physical state of the system contain enough information to enable the user to determine what tasks are available for him to perform? Assuming multiple users interact with the system at the same time. Does the physical state of the system indicate to users what tasks they can or cannot perform in parallel? If possible bring an example of two tasks that different users cannot perform in parallel.
• Modes» Certain actions are meaningful only in certain contexts. Bring an example of a user
action that is meaningless in one context and has a meaning in another. • Physical Syntax
» Does the physical state of the system indicate to users which actions are legal/illegal?
18Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Next weekNext week
Introduction to technologies Reading Start working in teams on a technology demo
19Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Designer’s Outpost Designer’s Outpost [Klemmer 2001][Klemmer 2001]
(An Interactive Surface)(An Interactive Surface)
Back
20Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
Tangible Query Interfaces Tangible Query Interfaces [Ullmer 2003][Ullmer 2003]
(A Token+Constraints System)(A Token+Constraints System)
Back
21Comp150 TUI Spring 2006
ComTouch ComTouch [Chang 2003][Chang 2003]
(A Haptic Interface)(A Haptic Interface)
Back