Computer graphics & visualization Point-Based Computer Graphics.
MODELING PLANT LIFE IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS...MODELING PLANT LIFE IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS Bedrich Benes...
Transcript of MODELING PLANT LIFE IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS...MODELING PLANT LIFE IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS Bedrich Benes...
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MODELING PLANT LIFE IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Bedrich BenesGeorge W. McNelly Professor of Technology
and Computer Science
Purdue UniversityHigh Performance Computer Graphics Laboratory
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
MOTIVATION
• Computer graphics is about:
• Shape
• Light
• Fast feedback
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
OVERVIEW
• Plant model (in Computer Graphics)
• Inverse Modeling
• Physics-based model
• Interactive models
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PLANT MODELS IN CG
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HPCG Lab
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PLANTS IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS
• Biologically-based simulations
• Plant is a modular system – basic elements (leaves, internodes, etc.)
• Plant geometry is the emergent phenomenon from the interaction of its modules
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HPCG Lab
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PLANT MODULES
branch
segment
leaf
apical
bud
lateral
buds
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
A GENERIC PLANT MODELING SYSTEM
environment
plant definition
growth geometry
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HPCG Lab
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Geometric Params
Environment Params
Bud Fate Params
Growth RateInternode Length
Internode Angle FactorApical Control Level
Apical Dominance Factor…
GravitropismPhototropismPruning Factor
Low Branch Pruning FactorGravity-bending Strength
…
Apical Angle VarianceNumber of Lateral Buds
Branching Angle Mean and VarianceRoll Angle and Variance
Apical and Lateral Light Factor…
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL
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Increasing Branching Angle
Decreasing Apical Dominance
Decreasing Apical Control
DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL
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HPCG Lab
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Growth Model
[Pirk et al. 2012a]Continuous Growth
• Pipe Model Theory
• Gravelius Order
• Branching Angles
• Branch Radii
• Growth Rate
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INVERSE BIOLOGICAL TREES
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HPCG Lab
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?
INVERSE BIOLOGICAL TREES
Stava, O., Pirk, S., Kratt, J., Chen, B., Mech, R., Deussen, O., and Benes, B., (2014) Inverse Procedural Modeling of Trees , in Computer Graphics Forum, Vol 33(6), pp. 118-131,
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HPCG Lab
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Procedural ModelingInverse procedural modeling
Procedural Model
Parameter Values
Tree Geometry
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• Find parameters for the developmental model
• Maximize similarity betweenthe input and the generated instance
• What does similar mean?
==
?
Fitness function based on
geometry, shape and structure
Input Mesh Generated Output
OPTIMIZATION
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HPCG Lab
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INVERSE MODEL
Input Generated
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HPCG Lab
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INVERSE MODEL
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
INVERSE MODEL
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INTERACTIVE PLANT MODELS
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PLASTIC TREESPirk, S., Stava, O., Kratt, J., Massih-Said, M.A., Neubert, B., Měch, R., Benes, B., and Deussen, O. (2012) Plastic trees: interactive self-adapting botanical tree
models. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 4
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
Phototropism
Gravitropism
ENVIRONMENT AWARE TREES
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
Backward modeling to estimate
influence of tropisms to the original
model
→ allows to apply tropisms triggered
by the new environment
branch direction
with tropisms
h
wsd0
hypothetical
branch without
tropism
ws
ph(1-ws)t
direction of
tropism
INVERSE TROPISM
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
only bending
ℎ = 𝑤𝑠Ԧ𝑑0 + (1 − 𝑤𝑠)
σ𝑤𝜏 Ԧ𝑡𝜏σ𝑤𝜏
New Direction
Transformations represent changes in the tree
growth.
new direction
start weight
normalized direction
weights of tropisms
combination of tropisms
DYNAMIC INTERACTION - BENDING
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
only pruningApproach similar to [Palubicki et al. 2009]
𝜑𝑡𝑠 =
𝑐∈𝐶𝑠
2𝜋𝑟𝑐2𝑖𝑐
Amount of Light received by the leaf-cluster.
amount of resources (light)radius of a given cluster
normalized amount of light
𝒍𝒕: sum of distances
Branch is pruned when ratio Τ𝜑𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑡 < 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠
DYNAMIC INTERACTION - PRUNING
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
Original Model Bending Pruning ResultBending + Pruning
TREE/OBSTACLE INTERACTION
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HPCG Lab
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TREE/TREE-INTERACTION
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HPCG Lab
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TREE/TREE-INTERACTION
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PLASTIC TREES
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INTERACTIVE PLANT MODELS WITH PHYSICS
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PHYSICS INTERACTIONPirk, S., Niese, T., Hädrich, T., Benes, B., and Deussen. O. (2014) Windy trees: computing stress response for developmental tree models. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 6,.
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Sensor Particles
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HPCG Lab
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CONCLUSIONS
• Plants can be viewed as complex dynamic systems
• Shape is an emergent phenomena
• Many things “pass through” the complexity
• Phyllotaxis
• Bud ⇒ Blossom ⇒ Fruit cycles
• Geometry
• They are complex yet “regular”
• Simulations provide emergent geometry
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HPCG Lab
© Bedrich Benes 20182019 Bedrich Benes
OPEN PROBLEMS
• Control
• Capturing real plants and bringing them into simulations
• Understanding complex dynamics(feedback cascades of events)
• Model validation
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