Modeling and Simulation for Undersea System Concept Development, Test… · 2017-10-11 · Modeling...

Modeling and Simulation for Undersea System Concept Development, Test, and Evaluation

Prepared for:2017 International Test and Evaluation Association Symposium

04 October 2017

Applied Research LaboratoryP.O. Box 30 State College, PA 16804-0030 (814) [email protected] / [email protected]

Prepared by:M.L. Perini, Modeling and Simulation Programs

Undersea Systems Office, Applied Research Laboratory

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Distribution Statement A; Approved for Public Release

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Narrower scope, higher fidelity

Intended use of the modeling and simulation tool dictates scope and fidelity requirements. Output from models on the lower levels of the pyramid stimulate models at the higher levels.

Broader scope, lower fidelity

Simulation for Undersea Warfare

TRM accommodates high-fidelity, physics-based models, and typically runs at the mission level or lower.

Output from TRM can stimulate other mission- and campaign-level models

e.g., GCAM(theatre defense, what it takes to win)

e.g., Sim II, BFEM(battle group ops, concept analyses)

e.g., TRM(performance analysis, NTTP/TACMEMO development, system interoperability)

e.g., TRM(subsystem, system development)

e.g., TRM(physics-based models, algorithm development)

Simulation Pyramid: Scope and Fidelity

Campaign

Mission

Engagement

System Engineering

Physics and Phenomenology

2 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited

Platforms•Submarines•Surface ships•Tactical doctrine •Surface ship wakes•Kinematics/dynamics•Active highlights•Radiated noise•UUVs

Propagation and Noise•Ray tracing / multipath•Site-specific SVPs•Range dependent•Ambient noise

Torpedo Subsystems•Warhead and fuzing•Warhead safe and arm•Propulsion•Autopilot•Sonar

Guidance and Control Development•Signal processing stream•Target classification and tracking•Tactics and guidance laws •Software-in-the-loop stimulation•Element-level time series

Torpedoes•Signal processing •Classification / tracking•Tactics / kinematics•Radiated noise•Active highlights•Thermal engine wakes•Operational SWIL

Environmentals•Surface scattering•Bottom scattering•Boundary characteristics •Variable bathymetry•Variable sediment•Mono/bistatic reverberation•Environmental false targets•Depth-dependent ocean currents•Bubble clouds from explosions•Ice keels•Biologicals

Platform Sensors•Towed, hull-mounted•Chin and sail arrays•Conformal

Countermeasures•US and foreign•Static/Dynamic/Towed•Multi-mode•Programmable

Technology Requirements Model:Variable fidelity, physics-based, fully repeatable digital

simulator for evaluating dynamic, undersea engagements.

NMSO VV&A Best Practices; Strict configuration managementIncludes Navy standard environmental models, Navy community system simulations, and native models, based on Navy/Industry specifications

Technology Requirements Model (TRM) Components

Runs on standard COTS platform

Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited

OTHERRadiatorsCountermeasuresCommand and ControlMinesDamage

Multiple Object

Acoustics/Dynamics

Interface

Common ARL Engagement Evaluator (CARLEE)

OBJECTMODELS

Active Scattering StrengthRadiated Noise SignatureMagnetic SignatureDynamicsBubble wakeTow profile, scatteringRadiated Noise

SONARMODELS

Self-NoiseBroadbandBeam FormingElement-level time seriesWave Form GenerationMutual InterferenceAcoustic communications

ENVIRONMENTALACOUSTICS

Sound PropagationMultipathsAmbient NoiseReverberationSurface/Bottom TypesBistaticsIce / False Targets

CARLEE provides common host environment for development or integration of any model or undersea system (e.g., platform, torpedo, anti-

torpedo torpedo, DCL system, countermeasure); supports evaluation of complex scenarios with representative system and acoustic interactions.

Torpedo-shaped object represents any system that can be run in TRM’s synthetic environment, whether torpedoes, platforms, CMs, TDCL

systems, ATTs…


SYSTEM MODELS

• Modeling and Simulation of red systems (platforms, weapons, countermeasures, tactics) is used by blue technology system designers and developers of U.S. Navy fleet tactics

- U.S. Fleet torpedo development - Torpedo upgrades and rapid prototype development- Counter-countermeasure logic- Torpedo employment strategies- Fleet torpedo training- Countermeasure development and employment- Submarine evasion - Torpedo Detection, Classification, and Localization (TDCL) Systems- Countermeasure, Anti-Torpedo (CAT)- New ship developments - TACMEMO and NTTP support- Compact Rapid Attack Weapon (CRAW)- Harbor defense

• Characterizing the threat (i.e., Red Technology systems) is critical for Blue to surpass the threat (or, at minimum, to pace the threat)

The acquisition community needs intel-derived models to meet the emergent need

Threat Modeling for Undersea Warfare Analyses

Carts and Horses


6

TRM Variable Fidelity in Signal Processor Models

Synthetic range -Doppler map generator

Detector

Background estimator

Cluster Parameter estimator

Frequency DomainReports

generator

Synthetic report generator

CARD_RD Reports

Synthetic range-Doppler map of noise/ reverberation

Detector



Element-Level Hybrid Time Series

ReportsInverse FFT

Add time-series generator for tones

Beam

-former

Window & FFT

Synthetic range-Doppler map of noise & reverberation

Detector



Beam-Level Hybrid Time Series

ReportsInverse FFT

Add time-series generator for tones

Window & FFT

threshold crossing Cluster Parameter estimator

CARD-CAReportsSynthetic

Fide

lity

Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited6

Dialed down fidelity permits concept analysis of systems

that are not well understood

Higher fidelity applied to analysis of existing and well-understood systems

Fidelity options enable analyses across the evolution of intel and development

CARD = Concept Assessment, Requirements Development

Acoustic Modeling

Active Sonar Models

),(),(),( kRX

ikkmkkTXiikm TLTSTLSRL ′′ −−′′+−−= θψβθψθψβ

Components of sonar equation represented in physics-based models

Rock Fields

Fish Schools Wakes

IceReverberation

Target Highlight ModelReceive PatternTransmit Pattern

Propagation Model Propagation Model

Variable bathymetry


SCORE

HATTS

Environmental Server

TRM Environmental Modeling Tool

TRM User Tools


Categories of Objects in TRM

9

8 Platforms (Surface ships or submarines)

16 Countermeasures, tows, etc., per platform

10 Torpedoes (offensive and/or defensive)

20 Other objects (other craft, scatterers, radiators, etc.)

256 Environmental false targets

100 Mines (contact, magnetic, and acoustic; moored and bottom)

TRM supports study of engagements with high levels of complexity (e.g., salvos, layered defense)

Current memory footprint facilitates scenarios with up to:


Notional Surface Ship Torpedo Defense Set-up

High-fidelity models not constrained to run in real time used in statistically significant run sets provide understanding of complex scenarios that cannot be evaluated in-water or with HWIL.

TRM Study Methodology


Verification and Validation: •Scores of project-specific reports•Comparison of modeled data vs. water tunnel, test tank, bench data•Comparison of simulated/modeled data vs. hardware-in-the-loop simulators•Comparison of simulated/modeled data vs. in-water data•Reverberation model vs. in-water data•False alarm/false target models vs. on-range data•Instrumented vehicles and tows vs. simulated dynamics

Accreditation in Progress (paused for transition to rapid prototype effort):• Leverages accreditations for DDG-51 LFT&E (2003), CAT EDM-1 (2006), and LHA-6 LFT&E (2009)• V&V of common threat models begun under PMS-415 SCP, FY09• PMS-415 Joint (TDWG and SSTD) ARP/SCP Charter signed 18 October 2010• Draft CAT/TWS Accreditation Plan provided to Simulation Control Panel; follows MIL-STD-3022,

DoD Instruction 5000.61, and COMOPTEVFORINST 5000.1B• COTF, NUWC/NPT, Alion, ARL/PSU, and SPA prepared intended use statements for TWS

Accreditation Plan; awaits IEF and requirements letter• VV&A direction and counsel received from Dr. James Elele, DoN M&S VV&A Lead• Paused for Push-to-Bush initiative in 2012

Accreditation is necessarily associated with a particular intended use, identified by Accreditation Authorities.Absent formal accreditation effort, Stakeholder confidence is established for all program models.

TRM Verification, Validation, and Accreditation Status


Robust, physics-based M&S capability supports concept development, system engineering, operational support and training, while saving untold $M.

Defense Acquisition Management Framework

Modeling and Simulation for System Development

TRL 9TRL 3-4 TRL 6 TRL 7 TRL 8

Pre-

conc

ept

TRL 5

TRL

1-2

1212

Feasibility, CONOPsRequirements, System Architecture, Detailed

Design

Implementation in Hardware and

Software

Test, Evaluation, Deployment

Operational Support, Training

TRM TRM

TRM TRM

TRM

Program Development Timeline


Simulation-based Design

Proof of G&C concept eventually led to full system development (engine, propulsor, payload, etc.)

“Needlenose” vehicle: Guidance and Control section (small form factor) mounted via transition section to heavyweight test vehicle

Build, test, data collect, analyze, improve, build, test… process iterated to mature G&C concepts

Scenario Complexity

Field Program

Experimental Hardware

ConceptualSimulation

Algorithms

Operational code Raw data

Analyzed data Algorithms Analyzed data

Operational code Raw data

The early challenge: how to build a G&S in a small

form factor to prosecute a nontraditional target?


https://news.usni.org/2013/06/20/navy-develops-torpedo-killing-torpedohttp://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=74665

One example of a system concept born in simulation, matured, exercised, and proven in simulation and in water

Undersea Vehicle Development


Research Penn State, Spring 2017

When an acoustic sensor array towed behind a ship detects an approaching torpedo, a human operator on the ship fires the countermeasure anti-torpedo torpedo (CAT), which finds and “kills” the incoming torpedo.

Test-firing the CAT from supercarrierUSS George H.W. Bush

TRM’s synthetic acoustic environment provides input to modeled systems and operational software in the loop

Middleware Library

TRM Executive• Local Time Step Controller – pauses

TRM when it runs faster than real time• Local game board• Platform and torpedo Dynamics

Simulation Middleware

TRM Vehicles• Acoustics• SP• G&C• Autopilot• Warhead

TRM model interface is

identical to that for stand-alone use

• Periodic functions– Send Inventory– Send Weapon TELCOM– Send Weapon Position– Receive Environment Updates– Receive Target Updates

• Event Handlers– Send Active Emissions– Send Detonation Events– Receive Weapon Presets– Receive Fire Orders– Receive Wire Guides

(e.g., CORBA, Direct Calls)

TransportInterface Library

External Model, Simulation,

Trainer,…

Paradigm exists to link external tools; extends to other applications, models

TRM supports land-based and on-board fleet training

Interface

Shared Memory


TRM Digital Simulator, Stimulator, and Trainer

16

Extensibility to UUV/UAV Development, Evaluation

Ocean current active

Ocean current inactive

Inset

Launch

Ocean current active

Ocean current inactive

Turn w/o effects of ocean current

Transit and turn with ocean current effects:• Time step increased during uneventful transit• Time step decreased during encounter with current• Time step decreased to perform sonar operations

Mission timein seconds

Leveraging Existing Models to Support New Initiatives

Flexible clock management and existing models enable rapid concept evaluation for new applications


SummaryWhat Enables TRM to Support Undersea Warfare Applications?

A powerful asset in the Navy’s M&S and T&E Toolsets

Available and Affordable: Runs on COTS hardware

Multi-user; multi-siteSupports collaboration

Accurate: Physics-based;

empirically validated

Selectable Fidelity:Non-system-centric;

No real time requirement; Variable clock management;

Can run operational SWIL

Fully reproducible and Extensible

Objective, Stable:UARC-developed;

Navy has full data rights; Strict CM

Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited19

Modeling and Simulation for Undersea System Concept Development, Test… · 2017-10-11 · Modeling...

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