Faculty of Information Technology

Department of Mathematical Information Technology University of Jyväskylä

Mobility Management Concept

for

Always-Best-Connected Network

Jari Kellokoski

University of Jyvskylä

Email: jari.k.kellokoski@jyu.fi

Faculty of Information Technology

Department of Mathematical Information Technology

Content

Research problem

Background

Always Best Connected

Implementation, Measurements and Results

On Going Work

Summary

Research Problem

Creation of software architecture that can enable always

most suitable connection to IP network (in a

heterogeneous network environment)

Always Best Connected (ABC) IP Network: what is the

best/most suitable – In term of cost, throughput, latency, current consumption and large

number of other criteria?

Performance Analysis – Network change time

– Secure communication

– Suitability to real-time communication

Co-operation with existing/coming standards – The proposed solution must work in co-operation with 3GPP and IETF

standards such as: Evolved Packet Core, IPSec

Background

End user devices (mobile phones, tablets) are equipped with more

than one radio access (e.g. Cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth)

Number of hotspot style networks (specially WiFi) has increased – Traditional hotspots such as in airports, hotels, coffee shops

– And they are also available in large number in home and in companies

The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) was introduced in 3GPP

Release 8 in 2008 along side with LTE. Key improvements

from architecture point of view was all IP model and a

simplified structure in every way

Most significantly (regarding to ABC) it allows connectivity from

non-3GPP access, such as WiMAX, cdma2000 and WiFi

How to utilize IETF protocols such as Proxy Mobile IPv6 for

seamless handovers between different radio access

networks (vertical handovers)?

Always Best Connected in terms of EPC

Access Gateways: different depending on radio access e.g. LTE, trusted non-3GPP

and untrusted non-3GPP

Access Network Discover and Selection Function ANDSF will help UE to find

suitable access

Pros: UE don’t need to turn on multiple radios in order to discover networks

Cons: User is not in control, dictated by the operator

Always Best Connected Big Picture

Implementation Android Application

Applications can – Scan available networks

– Can switch between networks

– Prioritize networks

– Show user applications

– Show which of the user applications

use network

Networks are prioritized: 1. Valid ANDSF information is available?

2. Application is part of profile, is the profile

active/valid?

3. Application is real-time? Always ask for used

accesspoint

4. Known protected WLAN connection is

available?

5. Open WLAN connection is available?

6. Use cellular IP connection

The Android ABC application

permission page

Test Setup

Results

Test done without any optimization and

without Mobile IP

Service continuity was dependent on

application implementation as the IP

address was changed during the

network

WLAN (ms) σ 3G (ms) σ

Android 941 203 2546 1001

Qt 4125 394 5423 175

WLAN (ms) σ

SSL with VPN (Android) 2690 172

SSL tunnel only (Android) 109 47

IPSec in Linux 2083 189

Android implementation – Samsung Galaxy S2

Qt implementation – Nokia N900

Linux implementation – MiniLaptop with Intel Atom processor

Results

On Going: Simultaneous

Connections/Multihoming Currently Android is not supporting simultaneous connections.

Previous connection is closed and all connection related data is

flushed before new connection takes place (e.g. switching from

3G to WiFi connection)

– Internet Egineering Task Force (IETF) working group propose Proxy

Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213) as a baseline for Network Based Localized

Mobility Management (NetLMM)

– This protocol is not supported by default in Android nor is the IPv6

– NetLMM and IPv6 require modifications for current Android

framework

Many mobile devices can be connected by multiple paths, but

TCP restricts communications to a single path per transport

connection

– Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and Stream Control Transmission Protocol

(SCTP) are trying to loosen the original TCP so that more efficient

connection usage would be possible

– Simultaneous connections are the first step in this direction

Simultaneus Connection Results

Connection change takes

around 204 ms. It close to

acceptable for real-time

communication

Tradeoff is the power

consumption

Summary ABC Concept is required in All-IP Network environment

Standards are levering the path for common Next Generation Network

3GPP Evolved Packed Core:

– Operator driven solution

– ANDSF information from the operator

– Lack of IPSec and Proxy Mobile IP, IPv6 support (Android)

IETF

– Multipath TCP and Stream Control for Multihoming

– Lack of protocol support (Android)

Performance

– Standard Android: Network switch performance was implementation dependent and

by default way too slow for real-time communication (~1 second between WLAN to

WLAN in open network, real-time requirement ~150-200 ms)

– With modified Android: 204 ms connection change time but power consumption

trade-off

In future:

– Multihoming in Android

– Mobility management in Multihoming network environment

Publications Efficient Handovers for Machine-to-Machine Communications Between IEEE

802.11 and 3GPP Evolved Packed Core Networks, Machine-to-Machine

Communications and Networking Workshop, 2012, Besancon France

Context and Location Aware Always-Best-Connected Concept for Heterogeneous

Network, Wireless Days 2012, Dublin, Ireland

Challenges of the Always-Best-Connected Enablers for User Equipment in

Evolved Packet System, International Congress on Ultra Modern

Telecommunications and Control Systems 2012, St Petersburg, Russia

Power Consumption Analysis of the Always-Best-Connected User Equipment,

New Technologies, Mobility and Security 2012, Istanbul Turkey

Real-life Performance Analysis of Always-Best-Connected Network, New

Technologies, Mobility and Security 2012, Istanbul Turkey

User-Centric Approach to Always-Best-Connected Networks, International

Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems 2011,

Budapest Hungary

Location-Based Service with Spatial Data Analysis within IP Multimedia

Subsystem, Advances in Future Internet 2011, Nice France

Registration Performance Comparison Between IP Multimedia Subsystem and

Session Initiation Protocol Networks, International Congress on Ultra Modern

Telecommunications and Control Systems 2010 Moscow Russia

Call and Messaging Performance Comparison Between SIP AND IP Multimedia

Subsystem Networks, The Fourth International Conference on Internet Multimedia

Systems Architecture and Applications 2010 Bangalore India