Mobile web in Indian languages and its implementation challenges

Presented by :

Swaran LataCountry Manager, W3C [email protected]

Mobile Environment

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Mobile media has increasingly becoming the preferred medium of

communication

Indian Mobile Market is one of the fastest growing – has overtaken

China in terms of growth

Usage of Mobile Web is growing besides the messaging services.

In the top 10 list of countries, India moved up, switching spots with

Ukraine. [source : http://www.opera.com/smw]

Subscriber base of Wireless Operators (in million) as on 31st March 2010

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http://www.trai.gov.in/traiannualreport.aspwww.w3cindia.in

The Wireless subscriber base was 584.32 million as on 31st March 2010

190.88

Rural Wireless subscriber

The Wireline subscriber base was 36.96 million as on 31st March 2010

Quality of Telecom Service Providers in Delhi September 2010

www.themegallery.com Company Logo

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Comparison between different Indian language support handsets

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Handset Company Model Hindi Tamil Marathi Gujarati Bengali KannadaTelugu Punjabi

Nokia2610 Nokia 2610 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YNokia6085 Nokia 6085 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia2600 Nokia 2600 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia1600 Nokia 1600 Y Y Y Y Y - - -

Nokia1100 Nokia 1100 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia6020 Nokia 6020 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia3120 Nokia 3120 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia3220 Nokia 3220 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia1200 Nokia 1200 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia1650 Nokia 1650 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YNokia1108 Nokia 1108 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia3100 Nokia 3100 Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia6610i Nokia 6610i Y - Y - - - - -

Nokia6610 Nokia 6610 Y - Y - - - - -

SamsungSGH-X210 Samsung

SGH-X210 Y - - - - - - -

MotorolaL6 Motorola L6 Y - Y - - - - -

SonyEricssonJ230i

SonyEricsson J230i Y - - - - - - -

LGKG110 LG KG110 Y - Y - - - - -

Mobile Device & MVAS:

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Messaging: SMS/MMS/Email

Broadcast :Radio/Music

Gaming

Browsing and downloading

Social Networking

Mobile Commerce

Location based services

Mobile Apps: Productivity Tools

Mobile Advertising

PresentNear Future

VAS CATEGORIES

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VAS Usage

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Presentation Issues

Bandwidth & Cost

Fonts and Rendering issues

Input

Service provider level issues

Character encoding

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Issues of Mobile Localization

Issues for Text entry

Standardized keypad mappings of alphabets from Indian

Languages to the 12 keys of the device;

Lack of support for display of fonts

Uniform guidelines for composing and editing of Indian

Languages which are highly non-linear in their structure

dictionary support

Support for transliteration and other services

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Different approaches to English and Devanagari Keypad

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http://www.hceye.org/downloads/CCUI-Bilingual-Mobile-Phones-Katre-final.pdf

Usability Issues

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Proposed Solution :

Standardization of Keyboard in : •Physical Layout•Virtual/Layout Scheme

Variation in typing in Devanagari as well as in English its keystrokes :

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Virtual Keypad- future

Language setting of Mobile phone

When you set Hindi as a language in mobile phones , the two mainly problems occurred :

Language dropouts Use of English terms in Hindi

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Proposed Solution :

Standardization of Terminology

Rendering Issues

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Problems: Uneven spacing of alphabets Distorted shapes of alphabets Uneven height and width of alphabets Intersecting or overlapping alphabets Insufficient leading between two lines Ambiguous and non-recognizable shapes

The word Maharastra type with different Mobile phones :

Proposed Solution :

•Rasterizar & Layout Engines •Availability of Sakal-bharati Open type fonts

Character Encoding

In the Mobile technology, the multilingual data handling becomes vital across different layers. Any chosen encoding scheme should consider the following :

The encoding scheme should support all possible characters,

character combinations as per Unicode standard.

There should be provision to change languages within single

message.

The encoding should be flexible for future Unicode standard.

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Service providers related Issues

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Issue Proposed solution

1. Bandwidth and Cost

All data must be passed related to user agent capability so that the content can be tuned (at the point of delivery) for best usage to reduce transfer cost.

2. Advertising POP-Ups can be replaced by Audio POP-Ups or something similar because it would not occupy the limited size of Screen.

3. Cache Header Cache could be made additionally available with the service provider. Using caching information effectively can reduce the need to reload data such as style sheets, images and pages, thus improving performance and reducing cost of use.

4. Variation in Delivery Context

Handling variation in Delivery Context by adjusting the content, navigation or page flow, with a view to offering a good user experience on as broad a range of devices as possible.

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CHALLENGES IN

MOBILE WEB

Standardization of keyboard Layout

Common Storage format

Support of Rasterizer engines for display of text

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Indian

languages

layout

engines

Availability of

Open type

Fonts

Support of Localization features

Mobile Web Initiative by W3C

DDC (Default Delivery Context )

W3C mobile OK Basic Tests 1.0:

Mobile Best Practices 1.0

Sixty Guidelines to specifies best practices for delivering Web content to mobile devices

Test to conform Mobile Web Contents Compliance

Minimum Size Possible( page size, image format, screen width, encoding, etc )

Mobile OK Checker

Service for Web Sites to Validate Mobile Friendliness

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Level of Adherence to Best Practices while testing Hindi websites

URL of Websiteshttp://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolst_hin.htmhttp://www.hal-india.com/hindi/index_h.asphttp://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/http://119.82.71.95/haribhumi/epapermain.aspxhttp://bhulekh.up.nic.in/Default.aspxhttp://in.jagran.yahoo.com

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URL of Websiteshttp://dir.hinkhoj.com/http://devanaagarii.net/hi/http://www.echoupal.com

Mobile Compatible websites

Mobile non-compatible websites

Frequent cause of failures

Content format support: must support CSS style sheet

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Character encoding use: must support UTF-8 as character encoding

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Click to add Title3

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Measures: width and height must be limited according to mobile screens

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Page size limit: The total size of the page should not exceeds 20 kilobytes

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Image specification size: must specify width and height attributes of an image

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Non- text alternative: width and height attributes are not specified on an image

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Click to add Title3

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Measures: must specify alt attribute on images7

Style sheet: sheet must be used as CSS content8

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Valid mark up: must validate against XHTML Basic 1.19

Nested tables : While most mobile devices support basic tables, nested tables are hardly supported. The layout of a page that contains nested tables is unpredictable on mobile devices and at best unlikely to be the desired layout.

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Priority areas of Mobile Web Best Practices in India

W3C India will focus on the following subset of Mobile Web Best Practices for Indian languages

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Sl. No.

Guidelines Description

1. SUITABLITY TEST Ensure that content is suitable for use in a mobile context.

2. CLARITY Use clear and simple language

3. LIMITED Limit content to what the user has requested.

4. PAGE SIZE USABLE Divide pages into usable but limited size portions

5. PAGE SIZE LIMIT Ensure that the overall size of page is appropriate to the memory limitations of the device

6. TABLES SUPPORT Do not use tables unless the device is known to support them

7. TABLES ALTERNATIVES Where possible, use an alternative to tabular presentation

8. NON-TEXT ALTERNATIVES Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element

Priority areas of Mobile Web Best Practices in India

(Contd..)

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9. IMAGES SPECIFY SIZE Specify the size of images in markup, if they have an intrinsic size.

10. VALID MARKUP Create documents that validate to published formal grammars.

11. CONTENT FORMAT SUPPORT Send content in a format that is known to be supported by the device.

12. CHARACTER ENCODING SUPPORT

Ensure that content is encoded using a character encoding that is known to be supported by the device.

13 MINIMIZE KEYSTROKES Keep the number of keystrokes to a minimum.

14 AVOID FREE TEXT Avoid free text entry where possible.

15. DEFAULT TEXT ENTRY MODE Specify a default text entry mode, language and/or input format, if the device is known to support it.

Abstract Mobile specification for study

OSs Browsers Devices

Operators

Symbion OS Firefox Micromax GSM - Airtel

/MTNL

Windows Mobile Opera Samsung CDMA – Tata

/Reliance

Nokia Nokia

Android Android

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Stakeholders needed for enabling Mobile web in India

Mobile Web

Initiative in India

MobileManufactures

Content Developers

Service Providers

Industry and Research Institute

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W3C India

Responsible Bodies in India

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Department of Telecommunication(DOT)Policy, Licensing and Coordination matters relating to telegraphs, telephones, wireless, and data services Promotion of standardization, research and development in telecommunicationsTelecom Regulatory Authority of India To provide a fair and transparent policy environment which promotes a level playing field and facilitates fair competition

Department of Telecommunication(DOT)Policy, Licensing and Coordination matters relating to telegraphs, telephones, wireless, and data services Promotion of standardization, research and development in telecommunicationsTelecom Regulatory Authority of India To provide a fair and transparent policy environment which promotes a level playing field and facilitates fair competition

Cellular Operators Association of

India(COAI)

To improve standards and competitiveness in the Cellular Industry

To study the best practices & research of the industry

TEMA(Telecom Equipment

Manufacturers' Association

To have a body of standards which is delinked from DOT so that the standards for the Indian telecom network, instead of standards for the Department of Telecom, are established.

The Internet & Mobile Association

of India (IAMAI)

Promoting the inherent strengths of the digital economy evaluating and recommending standards and practices to the industry,

Association of Unified Telecom Service Providers of India (AUSPI)

Dissemination of knowledge and information for promotion and healthy growth of telecom services

Current activities Standardization of Indian language keyboard for text

inputting

Development of Rasterizer for display of text. This Rasterizer engine in customised as per the specifications of the handset.

Development of Indian languages layout engines

Convergence to Unicode at the handset level and UTF 8/ UTF 16/ UCS 2 for transmitting data to and fro from mobile devices

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3. Build a fresh Default Delivery Content (DDC ) for Indic Scripts

1. Review and enhancement of refined Mobile Web Best Practices for Indic Languages

2. Inclusion of new Mobile OK Basic Tests for Indic scripts based on refined guidelines

4. Implementation of W3C Mobile OK Checker – Initiated with Hindi Language

Roadmap

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What we want ? Our Aim:

Our VISION should be

No matter what device I have,

No matter what service I want,

No matter what carrier or network I’m using,

I can communicate, access and exchange information.

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Mobile web in Indian languages and its implementation challenges

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