Mobile Communication for Information Technology Application & Management (ITAM)
-
Upload
nitesh-singh-patel -
Category
Education
-
view
237 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Mobile Communication for Information Technology Application & Management (ITAM)
MOBILE COMMUNICATION
SUBMITTED BY:Nitesh Singh Patel (2013178)Pareena Neema (2013191)Parita Mandhana (2013192)Parth Mehta (2013193)
WHAT IS MOBILE COMMUNICATION?
• Mobile communications refers to a form of communications which does not depend on a physical connection between the sender and receiver and who may move from one physical location to another during communication.
THE IMPACT OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION
HISTORY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION I
• 1896 Guglielmo Marconi• 1915 Wireless voice transmission New York - San
Francisco• 1928 Many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic,
color TV, TV news)• 1982 Start of GSM-specification• 1983 Start of the American AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone System, analog) • 1992 Start of GSM
HISTORY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II
• 1998 Specification of GSM successors• 1999 Standardization of additional wireless LANs• 2000 GSM with higher data rates• 2001 Start of 3G systems
GSM ARCHITECTURE
Characteristics GSM CDMA
Technology FDMA and TDMA Spread Spectrum
Security Less secured Highly secured
Spectrum Frequencies 850 MHz and 1900 MHz 850 MHz and 1900 MHz
Global Reach 76% 24%
Data Transfer Rate 384 kbps 2 mbps
Radiation Exposure Higher radiation Very less radiation
Comparison between GSM and CDMA
Security & Privacy: A Major Concern For GSM
CHANNELIZATION TECHNIQUES
• TDMA• FDMA• CDMA
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA)
• Each user is allowed to transmit only within specified time intervals (Time Slots). Different users transmit in different Time slots.
• When users transmit, they occupy the whole frequency bandwidth (separation among users is performed in the time domain).
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (FDMA)
• Each user transmits with no limitations in time, but using only a portion of the whole available frequency bandwidth.
• Different users are separated in the frequency domain
CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
• In CDMA each user is assigned a unique code sequence (spreading code), which it uses to encode its data signal.
• The receiver, knowing the code sequence of the user, decodes the received signal and recovers the original data.
COMPARISON OF FDMA, TDMA & CDMA
HANDOFF
In cellular telecommunications, the term handover or handoff refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another.
The Evolution Of Mobile Communication
• 1G- First Generation Wireless Developed in 1980’s Analog Transmission Focus on Voice Data services almost non-existent. Incompatible standards:-
Different frequencies and signaling. International roaming impossible.
Welcome to The Era of Wireless Communication
• 1st wireless cellphone introduced• Focussed on voice
Low capacity, unreliable handoff
No threats It is an outdated technology
• 2G- SECOND GENERATION WIRELESS
It was invented and developed in 1990-1991. Digital transmission technology. Increased QoS. Possibility of wireless data services. 863 million users in 197 countries
No threats No opportunities
DigitalMore flexible.
Higher data bandwidth requirement
• 3G- THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS
Introduced in 2004-05. Increased clarity. Perfection as like a real conversation. Highly sophisticated form of communication. Applications are:
Mobile TV Video on demand Video Conference Location Based Services
Worldwide standard for accessing gloabal telecommunications
Higher cost as compared with their predecessors.
Since 2G mobile is in market squeezing the market competition.
Consumers replacing handsets with newer technology
• I P BASED• SPEED IMPROVEMENT• HIGHER CAPACITY• REDUCED L ATENCY• 4G IS MORE SPECTRALLY EFF IC IENT THAN
3G • BECAUSE 4G S IGNALS ARE SPARSER THAN
3G K ILLS BATTERY• OFDM (ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY
DIV IS ION MULT IPLEXING)• MIMO (MULT IPLE INPUT MULT IPLE
OUTPUT)• 4G IN INDIA
4G : ADVANCE RADIO TECHNOLOGY
3G VS 4G
Generations Of Mobile Communication
THE WORLD'S 5 LARGEST MOBILE PHONE HANDSET
VENDORS
Samsung ; 23.60%
Nokia; 14.80%
Apple; 9.00%
LG Elec-tron-ics;
3.70%
ZTE; 3.40%
Samsung NokiaAppleLG ElectronicsZTE
THE WORLD'S FIVE LARGEST TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
VENDORS
• Ericsson • Huawei • Alcatel-
Lucent
• NSN
• ZTE