MLAB 1415- HematologyKeri Brophy-Martinez

Chapter 1Introduction to Hematology

Chapter 1: Terms

Hematology Study of formed cellular blood elements: the white blood

cells, red blood cells and platelets

Hemostasis Arrest of bleeding by the formation of a barrier to blood

loss Maintenance of an adequate number of cells to carry out

the functions of the organism

Hematopoiesis Dynamic formation and development of blood cells,

normally in the bone marrow Process responsible for the replacement of circulating

blood cells

Chapter 1

Functions of the Hematology lab Confirm a physician’s clinical impression

of a possible hematological disorder Establish a diagnosis or rule out a

diagnosis Detect an unsuspected disorder Monitor the effects of radiation or

chemotherapy

Chapter 1: Blood Composition

Plasma: 55% Constituents of Plasma

Water (92%) Solutes(8%)

Albumins Globulins Fibrinogen Others ( electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, lipids,

salts, enzymes and carbohydrates)

Chapter 1:Functions of Plasma

Transport medium for nutrients & metabolites

Immune Defense

Coagulation

Chapter 1: Blood Composition

Cellular Elements Leukocytes: 1%

White Blood Cell= WBC Granulocytes- fight infection Lymphocytes- cellular and humoral immunity Monocytes- phagocytosis of foreign substances and dead or

dying cells Platelets: 1%

Thrombocytes Help to maintain hemostasis by plugging capillaries and forming

clots Actually a fragment of cytoplasm from megakaryocyte

Erythrocytes: 43% Red Blood Cell= RBC

Transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissues RBC’s do not have a nucleus

AA Erythrocytes (RBCs) Erythrocytes (RBCs)

B&HB&H Lymphocytes Lymphocytes

C&E Segmented neutrophilC&E Segmented neutrophil

D D Eosinophil Eosinophil

F F Monocyte Monocyte

G G Platelets Platelets

I I Neutrophilic band Neutrophilic band

J J Basophil Basophil

55%

45%

proteins, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, and respiratory gases

Chapter 1: Blood Composition

Plasma: liquid portion of blood from an anticoagulated tubes

Serum: liquid portion of blood from a clotted specimen

Chapter 1: Reference range

Differ according to age, race, sex and geographic location

Established by individual facilities in order to account for patient population

Refer to inside covers of textbook to review various reference ranges

Overview: Laboratory testing

Complete Blood Count= CBC Quantifies the white blood cells (WBC),

red blood cells (RBC) , hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets.

Calculates the RBC indices WBC Differential: enumeration of the

types of WBC’s, RBC morphology, platelets