Mixed modes of innovation: integrating technological and ...
Transcript of Mixed modes of innovation: integrating technological and ...
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Mixed modes of innovation: integrating technological and non technological forms
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Mixed modes of innovation
• a set of activities which are done together or hang together and form a specific strategy or routine of firms
• are derived through factor analyses of micro data using a harmonized approach across countries
• modes have a different impact on productivity and growth in individual countries
• so reinforce the relevance of national contexts to policy
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Mixed modes of innovation
1. IP/technology innovating
2. Marketing based innovating
3. Process modernizing
4. Wider innovating
5. Networked innovating
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Mixed Modes of Innovation Generic modes based on weighted factor loadings across 18 countries
Measures feeding into the factor analysis
IP /
technology innovating
Marketing
based innovating
Process
modernizing Wider
innovating Networked
innovating
1 NEWFRM 0.09 0.73 -0.03 0.04 0.07
2 NEWMKT 0.35 0.60 -0.05 0.06 0.17
3 INPCS 0.02 -0.18 0.68 0.23 0.04
4 ORGSYS 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.64 0.21
5 ORGSTR 0.06 0.03 0.11 0.69 0.18
6 ORGREL 0.09 0.04 0.10 0.48 0.15
7 MKTDES 0.14 0.28 0.04 0.54 -0.01
8 MKTMET 0.11 0.23 0.01 0.44 -0.09
9 RRDIN 0.46 0.26 0.03 0.05 0.45
10 PROPAT 0.80 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.18
11 RMAC 0.05 0.07 0.67 0.06 0.08
12 PRODSG 0.77 0.11 0.06 0.09 0.02
13 PROCP 0.66 -0.02 0.02 0.12 0.04
14 RTR 0.14 0.24 0.41 0.24 0.17
15 RMAR 0.35 0.43 0.14 0.23 0.20
16 EXTINN -0.28 -0.06 0.40 -0.12 -0.36
17 SOURCING 0.29 0.19 0.26 0.13 0.44
18 INFOMKT 0.09 0.31 0.32 0.17 0.15
19 INFOKB 0.17 -0.01 0.10 0.14 0.54
20 CO 0.25 0.16 0.18 0.11 0.53
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Mixed Modes of Innovation
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Services and other sectors
Selected Countries
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-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1 Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
Denmark
Germany
Korea Luxembourg
Netherlands
Italy
S.Africa
Spain
UK
Vehicles by country
IP/technology innovating (collaborative)
Wider innovating
External process modernizing
Market-led following
Networked innovating
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Austria
Belgium
Chile
Denmark
Germany
Luxembourg Netherlands
Italy
S.Africa
Spain
UK
Wholesale
IP/technology innovating (collaborative) Wider innovating
External process modernizing Market-led following
Networked innovating
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Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Lux
Netherlands
S.Africa
Spain
UK
Kibs and other technical services
IP/technology innovating (collaborative) Wider innovating
(External)process modernizing Market-led /leading
Networked innovating
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textiles paper,publishig vehicles transport post and telecoms kibs
Austria- Selected Sectors
IP/technology innovating (collaborative) Wider innovating
External process modernizing Market-led following
Networked innovating
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primary, extraction textiles machinery other manufacturing construction kibs
Chile-selected sectors
Wider innovating Market based innovating Long-term/technology innovators Process modernizing Networked
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machinery utilities post and telecoms financial services, insurances
kibs
Denmark - Selected sectors
Business process modernizing Market and design led innovating Market leading innovating
Networked innovating (with own tech) External process innovating
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0%
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textiles machinery vehicles wholesale, trade financial services, insurances
kibs
Germany - Selected Sectors
IP/techn innovating (collaborative) Networked innovating
Wider innnovating Process modernizing (external)
Market leading product innovating
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metal products vehicles construction hotels and restaurants
financial services, insurances
kibs
Netherlands-selected sectors
Wider innovating IP/techn innovating Market leading innovating
Networked innovating External process modernizing
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food, beverages machinery vehicles hotels and restaurants
transport kibs
Italy-Selected sectors
IP/techn innovating (internal) Wider innovating Market leading
Networked innovating External process modernizing
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textiles vehicles hotels and restaurants
post and telecoms financial services, insurances
kibs
UK - Selected Sectors
IP/sources Open process modernizing Wider innovating
Market leading innovating Networking with own techn
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Country PRODUCTIVITY
IP/technology
innovating
Marketing
based
innovating
Process
modernizing
Wider
innovating
Networked
innovating
Australia + -
Austria + + + +
Belgium
Canada +
Chile + +
Denmark + +
Iceland
Korea + + +
Luxembourg + +
Netherlands + + + +
Spain +
UK + + +
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Conclusions and Implications.
• There is a set of Core Modes, broadly similar but more or less subtly varied across countries.
• And all countries have at least one very distinctive mode.
• Different modes have a significant impact on performance in different countries.
• And this varies with whether productivity or growth is the performance variable.
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Conclusions and Implications.
• Forms (modes) of innovation not confined to the fashionable New Forms.
• So in formulating a policy mix, national and international bodies need to be aware of heterogeneity of modes at national and industry level and the interdependencies of inputs, outputs and systemic links
• Clear cut “Open –Innovation” does not emerge as a well defined single strategy, though there is a broader “networking” mode.
• The innovation systems variables – information and collaboration – modify the core factors generally.