MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME...

E1 766'a-

REPUBLIC OF MALAWI

MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (NWDP) II

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK

March, 2007

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared with the support and consultationsof many people to whom the authors are very grateful.

The people consulted included workers and communities in the proposed programme districts, cities and townsof Mzimba, Mzuzu, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Mangochi, Liwonde, Zomba and Blantyre.

District officials including District Commissioners, members of District Executive Committees and Town andCountry Planning Committees, Environmental District Officers, Chiefs and the general public provided valuableinput to this study.

In addition, a number of senior officers in the Environmental Affairs Department, Energy Department, ForestryDepartment, Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development and other stakeholder ministries of Local Governmentand Rural Development, Transport and Pubic Works provided considerable administrative and logistical supportduring the assignment. The author wishes to sincerely acknowledge their support.

Water, Waste & Environment Consultants 29/11/2007 i

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FRAMEWORK ...................................................... IV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................... V

CHAPTER ONE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF 1........................................

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE WATER SECTOR IN MALAWI ................................. 1

1.2 NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT II............................... 2

1.2.1 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE .............................................. 2

1.2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS ................................. ....................... 2

1.2.3 PROGRAMME COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION ................................ 8

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF ............................................ 9

1.4 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ESMF ......................................... 9

1.5 POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ESMF ....................................... 10

1.6 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF THE ESMF ............. 10

1.7 ORGANIZATION OF THE ESMF .................................................. 11

CHAPTER TWO: BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC SETTING ...................... 13

2.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................... 13

2.2 MZIMBA AND MZUZU CITY ..................................................... 13

2.2.1 MZIMBA ...................................................................... 13

2.2.1 M Z UZU CITY ........................................................................................ 1..................................... 15

2.3 KASUNGU TOWN .............................................................. 15

2.4 LILONGWE ................................................................... 16

2.5 MANGOCHI ................................................................... 17

2.6 ZOMBA ...................................................................... 18

2.7 BLANTYRE DISTRICT .......................................................... 19

2.8 THE LIWONDE BARRAGE ........................................................ 21

CHAPTER THREE: RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES .............................. 22

3.1 MALAWI LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO NNWDP II IMPLEMENTATION ................. 223.2 RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES COMPARED WITH THE NATIONAL

LEGISLATION ................................................................................................ 253.3 GAPS BETWEEN WORLD BANK POLICIES AND THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION ...................... 27

CHAPTER FOUR: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS .......................... 28

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .......................... 28

4.2 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS .............................. 31

CHAPTER FIVE: THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES ....................... 33

5.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING PROCESS ..................................... 33

5.2 STEP 1: SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES ............................ 335.2.1 SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES WITHIN THE DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES .................. 34

5.2.2 SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES WITHIN CITY OR TOWN ASSEMBLIES ................. 34

5.3 STEP 2: ASSIGNING THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES ................ 34

5.4 STEP 3: CARRYING OUT ENVIRONMENTAL WORK .................................. 35

5.5 STEP 4: REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE SCREENING ACTIVITIES .................... 36

5.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ........................................ 36

CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS ................ 41

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................... 41

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ................................................ 536.2.1 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW STRUCTURES AND OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES 53

6.3 MONITORING INDICATORS ..................................................... 536.2 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTOR ............................. 55

CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF .................. 56

7.1 DEFINITION OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................... 56

CHAPTER EIGHT; CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING ............................ 58

8.1 PARTICIPANTS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING ............................ 58

8.2 PROPOSED AREAS OF TRAINING ................................................ 59

CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 67

REFERENCES ......................................................... 68

ANNEX 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM .......................... 69

ANNEX 5.lA: PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLISTS FOR NWDP II ......................... 75

ANNEX 5.2: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES .................... 77

ANNEX 5.3: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997, EAD)......................................................... I..................................................................................................... 81ANNEX 5.4 GENERAL EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR NWDP 11 ......................... 82

ANNEX 5.5 PROCEDURES FOR EIA PREPARATION ................................. 83

ANNEX 6.1: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS ....................... 84

ANNEX 8.1: TRANSPORT AND OTHER COSTS FOR TRAINING (TO AND FROM LILONGWE) ........ 86

ANNEX 9: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED DURING PREPARATION THE ESMF ................. 87

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FRAMEWORKCIDA Canadian International Development AgencyDA District AssemblyDEA Director of Environmental AffairsDEAP District Environmental Action PlanDEC District Executive CommitteeDEMM Decentralised Environmental Management Manual

DESC District Environmental SubcommitteeDPD Director of Planning and DevelopmentEAD Environmental Affairs DepartmentEDO Environmental District OfficerEO Environmental OfficerEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEIB European Investment BankEMA Environment Management ActEMP Environmental Management PlanESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

GDP Gross Domestic ProductGoM Government of MalawiHIV Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome VirusLGA Local Government ActMoIWD Ministry of Irrigation and Water DevelopmentMPRSP Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy PaperNCE National Council on the EnvironmentNEAP National Environmental Action PlanNEP National Environmental PolicyNGO Non-Government OrganizationNLP National Land PolicyNPDP National Physical Development PlanNWDPI National Water Development Programme I

NWDP 11 National Water Development Programme 11NWRPS National Water Resources Policy and StrategiesOP Operational PolicyPRA Participatory Rural AppraisalRAP Resettlement Action PlanRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkSOER State of the Environment ReportTA Traditional AuthorityTCE Technical Committee on the EnvironmentTCPA Town and Country Planning ActTCPC Town and Country Planning CommitteeSWAP Sector Wide Approach

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is prepared for the National WaterDevelopment Programme II (NWDPII), which the Government of the Republic of Malawi, through the

Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, is implementing in the cities of Blantyre, Lilongwe and

Mzuzu and selected towns and districts of Zomba, Liwonde, Mangochi, Kasungu and Mzimba. The

purpose of this ESMF is to guide integration of environmental and social considerations in the planning

and implementation of the NWDP II activities.

Currently, the Malawi Government is seeking financial support of the World Bank for NWDP II. The total

estimated cost for the proposed NWDP II is US$200,000,000 with US$ 50,000,000.00 to be provided by

the World Bank.

1.0 The Proposed NWDP II and Scope of Activities

To build on the success of NWDP 1, which was implemented from 1996 to 2003, the GOM has

requested the World Bank to lead the preparation of a follow-on programme; the National Water

Development Project II. The project, which is an IDA Specific Investment, Grant will support improved

water resources management and expanded water supply and sanitation services in cities, towns and

market centres. The sector is not sufficiently developed to move to a SWAP in which donors and

government may pool their investments. The Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development (MOIWD)

and the donor group are adopting a common implementation strategy, and the MOIWD is establishing

management systems that can underpin a SWAP.

The proposed project would include the following project components;A. Urban Water Supply and Sanitation improvement, to be implemented through Blantyre

and Lilongwe Water Boards;B. Town Water Supply and Sanitation improvement, to be implemented through the

Southern Region Water Board, Central Region Water Board and Northern Region

Water Board;C. Water Resources Management, which would include institutional and technical

support to reform the water sector, a water resources investment strategy aimed atidentifying and developing water resources and infrastructure, pilot catchmentmanagement and development activities to reverse the effects of environmentaldegradation, and activities to manage the Lake Malawi levels and to regulate the flow

of the Shire River;D. Sector Management and activities to provide capacity building and institutional support

to the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, implementation of a strategicsanitation programme and implementation of an institutional, sustainable reform planand;

E. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation.

The IDA funds would be allocated to components A, B, C and D, while component E would be fundedsolely by other major donors and financiers.

2.0 Project Development Objectives and TargetsThe objectives of the NWDP II are to improve water resources management and increased access to

sustainable water supply and sanitation services for people living in cities, towns; and improve water

resources management. The project would also contribute to building sector capacity through improvedmonitoring, regulation, incentive structures, public-private partnerships, and coordination among the

sector stakeholders.

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3.0 Justification for Preparation of the ESMF for the NWDP II.According to Section 24 (1) of the Malawi Government's Environment Management Act (EMA), Number

23 of 1996; and the Government's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines of December,1997, the NWDPII would fall under the list of projects for which EIA is mandatory, prior to

implementation. The basis is that the proposed programme constitutes activities, which would generate

considerable changes and significant effects to the environment. Hence, environmental components

such as water, land, forests, human settlement, sites of cultural heritage and biological diversity might

be adversely affected.

The proposed NWDPII has been categorized as a B, according to the World Bank's Operational Policy

(0P4.01); Environmental Assessment. Therefore, the appropriate environmental work will have to be

carried out. Since the locations of the infrastructure investments and their potential negative localized

impacts could not be determined prior to appraisal, this programme requires the preparation of an

ESMF to ensure appropriate mitigation of potential negative environmental and social impacts.

This framework is designed to guide the establishment of appropriate level of environmentalmanagement measures for implementation, in all the stages of the project activities, from the planning

stage to implementation, including decommissioning.

4.0 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts from NWDP II ActivitiesAlthough the NWDP II activities will vary in size, location, scope and the approach in implementation,most of these activities will involve civil engineering and construction works. Hence the generic and

typical environmental impacts would include:* loss of forest resources;*, increase in soil erosion;* loss of fragile ecosystem;* soil and water contamination;* siltation of water courses and;* increased wastewater generation

The generic and typical social impacts of the project activities would include:* loss of land for human settlement;* loss of gardens for the local communities;* loss of crops and other property for the local communities;* influx of people to project areas;* incidences of communicable diseases and health hazards to workers;* spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS within the area and;

* disruption of living patterns of local villagers.

5.0 Key Strategies of the ESMFThis ESMF has been prepared as a guide to the initial screening of the proposed NWDP II sites andactivities for negative environmental and social impacts, which would require attention prior to projectimplementation. The framework outlines a number of strategies, which include:* a systematic procedures for participatory screening for project sites and project activities for

environmental and social considerations;* a step by step procedure for forecasting the main potential environmental and social impacts of the

planned project activities;* a typical environmental management plan for addressing negative externalities in the course of

project implementation and operations within environs;* a step by step monitoring and evaluation system for implementation of mitigation measures and;

Water, Waste & Environment Consultants 29/11/2007 vi

* an outline of recommended capacity building measures for environmental planning and monitoring

of the project activities.

6.0 Key Recommendations of the ESMFThe ESMF recommends that the proposals made herein be implemented adequately to mitigate the

consequential environmental impacts of the project activities. The ESMF also recommends that for its

implementation to be successful there is need to ensure that other projects being implemented in the

same areas as the NWDP II have their own comprehensive environmental and social management

plans. It is also recommended that the Environmental Affairs Department and other relevant line

ministries should ensure that human activities that lead to deforestation and other environmental

problems are properly managed and monitored.

The ESMF also advances that for its implementation to be successful, involvement and participation of

local communities is paramount. Specifically the ESMF recommends:

* use this framework prior to any project activity of the NWDP Il;

* environmental and social awareness education for the key stakeholders and affected

communities;* training members of the DECs DDCs. AECs, VDCs, Water Boards, and MoIWD (Blantyre,

Zomba, Liwonde, Mangochi, Lilongwe, Kasungu, Mzimba, and Mzuzu) to im?lement the ESMF

and the screening process;* regularly updating the EMP to respond to changing local conditions and to adjustments in

project implementation plans;* building capacities of the City, Town/District Assemblies for developing appropriate information

management systems to support the environmental and social management process and;

* providing the necessary resources and equipment for the assemblies to be able to produce the

necessary documentation and forms for the implementation of the ESMF;

7.0 Potential Users of the ESMFAs a reference material, the ESMF will be useful to several stakeholders who will be involved in

planning, implementation and monitoring of the proposed project. Some of the key users of this ESMF

are as follows:

* funding agencies/donors for the proposed NWDP Il;

* Water Boards* District Executive Committee members in the targeted cities, towns and districts;

* participating sectors in the implementation of the NWDP Il;

* politicians and local Traditional Leaders;* senior Central Government officials responsible for policymaking and project planning;

* Central Government officials responsible for environmental planning and management and;

* engineers and contractors to be involved in implementation of the project activities.

Finally it is recommended that the following key sections of this ESMF should be included in the Project

Implementation Manual: the Screening Process: Sections 5.1 to 5.6; the Environmental Management

and Monitoring Plan Sections: 6.1 to 6.2; and; Capacity Building and Training Requirements: Sections

8.1 to 8.3

Water, Waste & Environment Consultants 29/11/2007 vii

CHAPTER ONE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF

1.1 Background to the Water Sector in Malawi

The Government of Malawi's (GoM) strategy for the water sector in Malawi is to turn over theresponsibility for water supply and sanitation services to self sufficient Water Boards and WaterAssociations, with the view that it focuses its attention on policy formulation and water resourcesdevelopment. To this end the Government has:

(a) established three Regional Water Boards to provide water supply and sanitation services totowns;

(b) developed and demonstrated a district-based strategy for rural water supply in small villagesand market centres;

(c) established a Water Resources Management Board;(d) combined water supply and irrigation planning within the Ministry of Irrigation and Water

Development and;(e) completed important water resources management studies.

The Word Bank and other donors including AfDB, EIB, NDF, CIDA, EU, JICA, KfW, UNDP andUNICEF, through the National Water Development Project (NWDP), have contributed to this effort.

The Government of Malawi, through the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development and the five

Water Boards, implemented the National Water Development Project from 1996 to 2003. The primaryobjective of the project was to support the implementation of the Water Resources Management Policyand Strategies, (the first coherent Water Policy Document that was adopted by Government in May1994). The policy aimed at reforming and upgrading the management of water resources and the

provision of water-related services in order to:

(f) ensure convenient access to safe water for a progressively larger proportion of the community;(g) provide water infrastructure capable of underpinning economic development and;(h) assure the protection and management of water resources and aquatic and riparian

environmentsThe main outputs at the end of the NWDP I included:

(i) The establishment of three Regional Water Boards and reformation of Blantyre and LilongweWater Boards, under a new legislative environment.

() the Construction of a dam and Water Supply System in Zomba Municipality and theimprovement of Water Supply in 18 other Towns in the three Regional Water Boards;

(k) improved water distribution in Lilongwe City and planning studies for improving water andsanitation services to Blantyre and Lilongwe Cities;

(I) the development of a district-based, community-managed approach to rural water supply andsanitation; and the construction of 500 boreholes and two Gravity-Fed Piped Water Schemes,following the new approach;

(m) re-constitution of the Water Resources Board, and studies towards strengthening the same;

(n) capacity building for the Ministry of Water Development and the five Water Boards;

(o) the rehabilitation and protection of 4 selected catchment areas;

(p) Lake Malawi level control strategy to protect power supply and other beneficial uses of LakeMalawi and the Shire River; and

(q) studies for the Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for the Songwe River

Water, Waste & Environment Consuttants 29/11/2007 1

Revision of the Water Policy and development of a National Sanitation Policy were also initiated during

the implementation of NWDP I. The new National Water Policy, to replace the 1994 National Water

Policy, was completed in August 2005, while the Sanitation Policy was developed through a

comprehensive stakeholder consultation process.

1.2 National Water Development Project II

To build on the success of NWDP I, the GoM has requested the World Bank to lead the preparation of a

follow-on project; the National Water Development Project II, (NWDP II). The proposed project is a five

year IDA Specific Investment Grant of $50 million, which will contribute to GoM's medium term sector

program. A sector wide approach (SWAP) has been chosen to implement a consistent policy and

harmonized implementation guidelines for the major sector activities. The funding arrangement for the

Government and the participating donors will be parallel financing.

1.2.1 Project Development Objective

The development objective of the NWDP II is to increase access to sustainable water supply and

sanitation services for people living in cities and towns, and improve water resources management. The

project would also contribute to building sector capacity through improved monitoring, regulation,

incentive structures, public-private partnerships, and coordination among the sector stakeholders.

The development objective will be measured in terms of the expected project outcomes that would

include the:(a) number of people with improved water supply and sanitation;(b) efficiency and financial viability of urban and town water utilities and;(c) improved water resources management.

The project, together with a number of active donors and financiers, also supports the overall sector

wide program. The primary focus is to implement projects that will assist the GoM achieve improved

management of the nation's water resources; and ensure the delivery of efficient, reliable, and

sustainable water supply and sanitation services; that will benefit an increasingly large number of

population in the country overtime.

1.2.2 Project components

The proposed project would include the following project components;

A. Urban Water Supply and Sanitation - Blantyre and Lilongwe Water Boards;

B. Town Water Supply and Sanitation - Regional Water Boards;C. Water Resources Management and;D. Sector Management andE. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation.

The IDA funds would be allocated to components A, B, C and D (Table 1.1), while component E would

be funded solely by other major donors and financiers.

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Table 1.1: Proposed World Bank Financial Contributions to Project Components

Cost % of Bank ofBnItem Component Description Category USSM Total financing financing

US$M fiacnUrban Water Supply and Consultants, goods,

A Sanitation - Blantyre and works, operating 55 28 18 36Lilongwe Water Boards costsTown and Market Centre Consultants, goods,

B Water Supply and Sanitation works, operating 58 29 18 36- Regional Water Boards costsWater Resources Consultants, goods,

C Management training, operating 27 14 8 16costs

Sector Management Consultants, goods,D training, operating 6 3 6 12

costsRural Water Supply and Consultants, goods,

E Sanitation works, operating 54 27 0 0costs

Unallocated 0 0 0 0

TOTAL Total 200 100% 50 100%

Component A. Urban Water Supply and Sanitation - Blantyre and Lilongwe Water Boards

Component A would be parallel-financed by IDA and the European Investment Bank / European Union

Water Facility. The target beneficiaries of the improved service would be the population of Lilongwe and

Blantyre, totalling about 1.5 million. Component A consists of five sub-components:

Al: Priority Investments: Priority investments would include investments in production and

transmission. For Blantyre; urgent investments will be carried out to solve the existing water

crisis, improve the water intake, increase pumping/treatment capacity, and expand off-peak

water storage and distribution. For Lilongwe; improvements will include capacity expansion to

the existing water treatment plant, through rehabilitation.

A2: Operational Efficiency Improvement: In the short to medium term, improvements will be

made to the operational efficiency of the two Water Boards; with regards to their financial

management system, bill collection efficiency, and reduction in non-revenue water. This would

be done through the implementation of a service contract with a private operator.

A3: Extension of Service with Particular Attention to Low Income Areas: This sub-

component will include the expansion and improvement of the water and sanitation services to

the populations of Blantyre and Lilongwe. Particular attention will be given to the low income

and peri-urban communities. The implementation arrangements, choice of technology, and cost

recovery plans for such services would be based on a study carried out during project

preparation.

A4: Development of Future Water Sources: Full feasibility studies and detailed designs will

be carried out for developing new raw water sources for Blantyre and Lilongwe in the medium


to long-term, based on demand assessment up to year 2035. These feasibility studies, upon

completion are expected to be used for future projects funded by any source.

A5: Capacity Building: This sub-component will include training and development of

personnel for both Water Boards, in order to build human resources capacity, to efficiently and

effectively manage the water systems. Support will be provided to the Water Boards to

continue the implementation of the HIV and AIDS programs which include awareness building,

encouragement to do HIV/AIDS tests, and prevention of the spreading of the disease.

Component B: Town and Market Centre Water Supply and Sanitation

B1: Town and Market Centres Water Supply and Sanitation: Under this component the

three Regional Water Boards (RWBs) will expand water supply facilities and improve

operational efficiency in some of their largest, fastest-growing towns including Mzuzu, Zomba,

Kasungu, Mzimba and Mangochi and in other smaller towns.

To qualify for investments; business plans that include management arrangements, tariffs,

financial projections, phased expansion plans and social/environmental safeguards are

required. Investment proposals will be appraised by the Ministry of Irrigation and Water

Development (MOIWD), based on the cost effectiveness of the proposed design, the long term

financial viability of the scheme, and ability to avoid/mitigate negative social/environmental

impacts.

A grant will also be given to towns to implement a sanitation action plan that addresses priority

concerns of the community. Funds for town water supply will be maintained by the MOIWD, a

portion of which will be committed to each of the three RWBs, and the remainder will be

available on a first come, first serve basis after works contracts for committed funds have been

awarded.

B2: Market Centre Water Supply and Sanitation: The component will finance the

development of community-managed water supplies in market centres. The RWBs will:

(i) prepare pre-feasibility studies and introduce the project to participating market centres;

(ii) contract local consultants to provide technical assistance to them and;

(iii) arrange and supervise works contracts to expand their water supplies.

Consultants will:(a) establish autonomous Water User Associations;

(b) assist the Associations to plan their water supply facilities and learn to oversee operations

and;(c) train local utility operators to handle routine operations and maintenance. A grant will also

be given to towns to implement a sanitation action plan that addressed the priority

concerns of the community.

B3: Groundwater Development: In many towns water supply services are limited by the yield

of boreholes. Under this sub-component groundwater sources with supply gaps and difficult

hydro-geological conditions, in towns will be developed.

B4: Capacity Building: This sub-component will include training and development of

personnel to improve their job skills, to effectively manage the water supply systems. Support

will be provided to the RWBs, in continuing implementation of the HIV/AIDS programs which

include awareness building, promotion of HIV/AIDS testing, and prevention.


Component C: Water Resources Management

Cl: Water Resources Management Institutional and Technical Support: This subcomponentwill continue to support the reform of the water resources sector; and strengthen the WaterResources Management Board. The MOIWD will be strengthened to ensure that waterresources development is environmentally sustainable; and to re-establish surface water,groundwater and water quality monitoring systems; and a management information system.

C2: Water Resources Investment Strategy: An inlegrated water resources investment strategy,which identifies the water resources development and infrastructure needs of the country,through a multi-sector economic analysis, is urgently needed in Malawi. The strategy willprovide the infrastructure platform required for growth in the different water using sectors.

C3: Pilot Catchment Management and Development: Catchments throughout Malawi aredegrading due to poor land use practices and population pressure. This results in erosion, loss

of fertile soils, decrease in groundwater recharge, flash flooding, high sediment loads in

streams and rivers, and deteriorating water qua,,ly. In strategic catchments such as the ShireRiver, this results in high water treatment costs and damage to hydro-power generationequipment.

A pilot Catchment Management Authority (or Authorities) will be established in a selected sub-catchment of the Shire River, and support will be provided to small scale investments in

livelihoods-based catchment management activities, through the preparation and

implementation of catchment management plans aimed at reversing the degradation of the

river's catchment area.

C4: Lake Malawi Level Control: The oufflow from Lake Malawi has been known to cease dueto natural lake level fluctuations. Over the past decades critical aspects of Malawi's economy,which are dependent on the flow of the Shire River downstream of Lake Malawi, have beenestablished. These aspects of the economy include the water supply to Blantyre and the

generation of 90% of energy for the country. However, whilst there are increasing demands on

the water resources of the Lake, there is no means by which to regulate the flow out of the

Lake.

To enable the management of the Lake levels and to avoid the potential of the Shire Riverceasing to flow, a feasibility study was undertaken in 2003 to construct a lake level controlstructure at Liwonde, on the Shire River; and to investigate the feasibility of a low-flow pumpingscheme at the mouth of the Shire River.

The sub-component will undertake a detailed engineering design of the Liwonde Barrage, and

a preliminary design of the Shire River Pumping Scheme. The designs will include

independent Environmental Impact Assessments (ElAs) for the two schemes, all safeguardrequirements and development of implementation plans of an Integrated Water ResourcesManagement System (IWRMS) for Lake Malawi and Shire River.

C5: Enabling Legislation for National Water Policy: The project will develop and support thepromulgation of enabling legislation to support the implementation of the National Water Policy of2005. This will facilitate the establishment of the required institutional framework for proper waterresources management in the country.


Component D. Sector Management

This component would be managed by the MOIWD and consists of three sub-components:

DI: Management of SWAP: This sub-component will provide capacity building and

institutional support to the MOIWD, in managing its sector program, including the sub-sectors

of UWSS, RWSS, Town WSS, and WRM. Sector Management would include implementation

and monitoring of GoM's sector policy and common guidelines for all investments in the sectorfunded by bilateral and multilateral donors, NGOs, and other financiers. Major aspects of such

common guidelines would be spelt out in the program implementation manual, and would

include investment, financing, and cost recovery policies for each of the sub-sectors.

This sub-component would also build the capacity of the MOIWD to effectively carry the out

monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the sector monitoring framework with a systematic

approach, to developing a medium term investment and financing plan and a MIS system.

Other M&E activities would include staffing, training, mid-term and final evaluations, data

collection, and technical reviews.

This sub-component would also support the development of an eventual pooled SWAP which

would pool donor and GoM funds in one pot and harmonize financial management,procurement, environmental and social safeguards frameworks. It is envisaged that this pooled

SWAP would be effective by the end of the project.

D2 - Implementation of Strategic Sanitation Program: Under this sub-component, theNational Sanitation Policy dated May 25, 2006 will be implemented through development of a

strategy and implementation plan for each of the sub-sectors. This would include:(i) a strategic sanitation plan to address the issues related to sewerage, solid

waste, excreta disposal, and drainage in Blantyre and Lilongwe;(ii) sanitation planning and services in towns including on-site systems, sewers,

and septage treatmenUdisposal facilities and;(iii) hygiene and sanitation plans for the rural areas.

The whole population of Malawi is expected to benefit from this sub-component throughincreased hygiene and sanitation awareness, improved sanitation facilities, and/or change in

behaviour towards sanitation.

D3: Implementation of a Sustainable Reform Plan: To ensure sustainability of the sector,this sub-component would implement a reform plan that addresses the Urban Water Board'sdeficient organizational culture, inadequate work-ethic, and lack of commercial discipline, as

well as the financial viability of the sector.

The appropriate institutional framework for ensuring proper governance and accountability forthe urban water services would be established through formation of a regulatory framework,clarification in roles and responsibilities of the various sector stakeholders and decisionmakers, and implementation of a delegated management model possibly through a deeper

private sector contract, following the service contract.

To transform the Urban Water Boards into efficient operators, the provision of water serviceswould be contracted out to a water operating company, in an urban water improvement publicprivate partnership (PPP). The project would support GoM's plan to invite Malawian investorsto join with specialist international water operators to create a Malawian Water Operating

Company. Shares in the Water Operating Company would also be allocated to the staff and

Water, Waste & Environment Consuftants 29/11/2007 6

management of the Water Boards. The Water Operating Company is expected to take over thestaff and operations of the Water Boards. In time, the Water Operating Company could belisted on the Malawi Stock Exchange.

The regulatory framework for urban water supply will not only be for Blantyre and LilongweWater Boards but also for the three Regional Water Boards. Regulation will include financialresource allocation, operational efficiency, water quality, and tariff setting and adjustment.


PROJECT SITESNATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME II

4000:00 50000 800000 700 00 800000 900 00

8900000 - 800000

8900000 --- 88000D0

8700000 87- 3 7 R - -800000

800000 -- 8600000

8'00000 -

8400000-- - 800000

qi Prcject Impact <\,.d.k xhnCity/ Town <

8300000 - - 3 Project District $ 2 nafb--8300000

-- Rivers y UrDbb

. ~~~~Distnct Boundary \ ho9u

8200000 - - r Internatrioal Boundary -8200

Scale 1:4,000,000

50 0 50 100 Km

8100000 - l l - 8100000

400 D00 500 000 600 000 700000 800 000 900 000P.od-cd by DigitalM pnUntSresep. r F25Logw3

Figure 1: Map of Malawi Showing NWDP Is Impact Districts.

1.2.3 Programme Coordination and Implementation

The overall management of NWDP II is the responsibility of the Ministry of Irrigation and WaterDevelopment. The Ministry of finance will be responsible for the overall approval of financial

disbursements. Urban water Supply and sanitation will be under the responsibility of Blantyre and

Water, Waste & EnvironmentConsultants 29/1102007 8

Lilongwe Water Boards, while the three Regional Water Boards will implement Town and Market

Centres Water Supply and Sanitation. Rural Water Supply and Sanitation will be implemented by the

Water Supply and Sanitation Department; and Water Resources Management will be the responsibility

of the Water Resources Department in the MoIWD.

1.3 Objectives of the ESMF

The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that the NWDP II is implemented in an environmentally and

socially sustainable manner. The ESMF will provide the project implementers with an environmental

and social screening process that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential

environmental and social impacts of the NWDP II components.

The screening results would indicate whether additional environmental and/or social work will be

required or not. Thus, the ESMF is designed to determine the appropriate level of environmental

management, which could range from (i) the application of simple mitigation measures (assessed

through the environmental checklists); (ii) to the preparation of a comprehensive EIA Report (according

Malawi's EIA Guidelines), or, (iii) no additional environmental work. The ESMF will outline the:

a) steps of the screening process from identification to approval of infrastructure investment;

b) environmental and social mitigation measures that can be applied and adopted;

c) draft generic terms of reference for an EIA if required and;

d) summary of the Bank's safeguard policies to ensure they are observed during project

implementation

e) review and approval of the screening results and separate EIA reports; and

f) environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

The screening process has been developed because the locations and types of activities to be funded

under the NWDP II are not yet known at this time; and therefore potential impacts cannot be precisely

identified.

The screening process will assist the project implementers to identify, assess and mitigate potential

negative environmental and social impacts; and to ensure proper mitigation of these impacts. It will

assist in determining whether preparation of a comprehensive EIA and/or RAP is appropriate for the

project components. The screening process, the environmental management and monitoring plans, the

ESMF implementation arrangements and the proposed capacity building and training requirements will

be included in the Project Implementation Manual (PIM).

1.4 Justification for the ESMF

For the NWDP II, the precise type and location of proposed project activities are not known at this time.

Therefore the potential social and environmental impacts of the project activities cannot be identified in

the context of a traditional EIA.

For development project activities whose design details and locations are known, the Malawi

Environment Management Act (1996) and the Malawi EIA Guidelines (1997) prescribe the conduct for

Environmental Impact Assessment. However, these instruments do not have guidelines for the

screening process for the identification, assessment and mitigation of potential localized impacts, where

the project details and specific project sites are not yet known.


This ESMF provides mechanisms for ensuring that potential environmental and social impacts of the

NWDP II are identified, assessed and mitigated as appropriate, through an environmental and social

screening process. This ESMF therefore, complements the Malawi EIA procedures for meeting the

environmental and social management requirements, as outlined in Appendix C of the EIA Guidelines.

The ESMF also complements the World Bank Operational Policies for environmental management of

projects where specific details are not yet known.

1.5 Potential Users of the ESMF

The ESMF has been prepared as a reference manual for use by key stakeholders to be involved in the

planning, implementation, management and operation of the proposed NWDP II. As a reference

material, the ESMF would be useful to the following NWDP II key stakeholders:

* funding and donors agencies;* the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development;* Water Boards (Blantyre, Lilongwe, Central Region, Northern Region and Southern Region Water

Boards);* Town & Country Planning Committees and District Executive Committees in the selected cities and

districts;* Politicians and Local Traditio ial Leaders and;* senior Government officials responsible for policy making and development planning

1.6 Approach and Methodology to the preparation of the ESMF

One of the key objectives of the ESMF is to provide a screening process for potential environmental

and social impacts for planned future project activities of the NWDP II, and to recommend a generic

management plan for addressing the potential negative impacts. In the development of this ESMF a

high degree of consultations with various key stakeholders was employed. The rationale of these

extensive consultations was to solicit views of a cross section of people, at the local, district, and

Central Government level.

The strategies of executing this assignment followed the six steps listed below:

(a) review of existing general biophysical and social conditions of the proposed project areas;

(b) review of typical implementation approach and processes for the proposed project activities;

(c) identification and analysis of potential environmental and social impacts the project activities

are likely to trigger and generate within and around the project areas;(d) development of the appropriate screening process for the proposed project sites and project

activities,(e) identification of appropriate mitigation measures for the likely potential environmental and

social impacts and;(f) compilation of a generic management and monitoring plan for addressing the impacts during

implementation, operation and maintenance of the project activities.

Information for the preparation of the ESMF has been collected through a number of research methods,

which include review of related literature from published and unpublished documents, field

investigations and consultation with key stakeholder. The field investigations and public consultations

were conducted in Mzuzu, Mzimba, Kasungu, Mangochi, Liwonde, Zomba and Blantyre from 18t to

23rd February, 2007. Key stakeholders included officials from the Water Boards, City, Town and District

Assemblies as well as persons who would be affected either positively or negatively by the project. The

consultant conducted the site investigations and stakeholder consultations based on the key

stakeholder list prepared and discussed with the NWDP II staff. A list of some of the stakeholders

consulted is provided in Annex 9


1.7 Organization of the ESMF

This ESMF is organized in nine chapters as follows:

Chapter One: provides the background information to the NWDP I and the proposed NWDP 11; and

introduces the various levels at which the project will be implemented. The chapter gives an overview of

the proposed project activities in the selected cities, town & districts. The NDWP 11 development

objectives, the justification, the rationale and the proposed project implementation arrangements as well

as the potential users of the ESMF are given. Finally the chapter gives the approach and methodology

used in preparing the ESMF.

Chapter two provides an overview of baseline information of the proposed development areas. This

includes brief descriptions of the topography, water resources, hydrology and the vegetation of the

selected cities, towns and district assemblies. Also given in this chapter is the socio-economic setting

where the main economic activities such as agriculture and other main income generating activities of

these areas are briefly discussed.

Chapter three provides the relevant Malawi Environmental policies and legislation applicable to the

NWDP 11. The chapter also gives the relevant World Bank Operating Safeguards and Policies; and

finally compares the two to highlight any gaps that exist; and to make the appropriate recommendations

for addressing the gaps.

Chapter Four describes the environmental and social impacts that are likely to be generated from the

proposed project activities during the planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance

and the decommissioning phases. The environmental and social impacts include those that are

perceived by the various key stakeholders that were consulted. The environmental and social impacts

are linked to the environmental components they are likely to impact upon and the sources of the

impacts are also described. These sources include the civil works for the construction new and

rehabilitation of existing structures; and the various human activities that create strains on the natural

resources and social services. The environmental and social impacts are the basis for the development

of the environmental management and monitoring plans given in Chapter 6

Chapter Five gives a step-by-step presentation of the screening process for sites for future projects.

The screening process for the main environmental and social impacts of the NWDP 11 are presented in

four distinct steps of desks appraisal of the project activities and field assessments, the assigning of

appropriate environmental categories, carrying out of the environmental work and the review and

approval of the screening results and recommendations. The chapter introduces procedures including

checklists for screening future project activities whose locations and designs are not precisely known.

The chapter also gives an insight of the public consultation and disclosure process.

Chapter Six gives the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which outlines the identified

environmental and social impacts, the proposed mitigation measures and the responsible institutions for

implementing the EMP. The chapter also describes the Monitoring Plan which lists the proposed

institutions to carry out the monitoring activities, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the

costs for carrying out the monitoring activities. A comprehensive list of monitoring indicators is providedin this chapter.

Chapter Seven summarizes the implementation arrangements for the ESMF, by way of assigningtasks to the various stakeholders. The chapter details the activities that have to be carried out by the

Area Executive Committee; the administrative staff at the city, town, district and community levels and

the various committees at the national level

Chapter Eight proposes the capacity building and training requirements for the implementation of the

ESMF. The proposed areas of training include: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment,

Environmental Policies, the Screening Process, Identification of Impacts and Preparation of Reports.


The chapter also provides recommendations for training and awareness creation of social impacts

including those of communicable diseases arising from lack of appropriate hygiene and sanitation.

Chapter Nine gives the recommendations of the ESMF, among them being that effective

implementation of the NWDP 11 environmental and social management framework has to be looked at

in the context of other existing environmental problems and those problems that may arise from other

future project activities not related to NWDP 11. The chapter also recommends that successful

implementation of the ESMF will depend, to a large extent, on the involvement of the local communities.

Finally the chapter gives specific recommendations, some of which are creation of awareness, use of

the local community structures to implement the ESMF and the need to assist and support the City,

Town and District Assemblies with adequate resources and equipment necessary for implementing the

ESMF.


CHAPTER TWO: BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING

2.1 Introduction

Development projects of the nature of the National Water Development Project II bring about various

changes (positive or negative) to the different components of the environment. These components

include the physical (geology, topography, soils, water resources etc), biological (flora and fauna),

cultural and socioeconomic (settlements, land use, livelihoods etc) components.

The NWDP II activities will focus on improving the existing water supply infrastructure and expansion of

water supply coverage in urban and peri-urban areas where the impact on forest reserves may be

insignificant. However, project components that target development of future water sources for the

cities of Blantyre and Lilongwe and in areas where hydro-geological conditions are difficult, may present

challenges to the protection of forests. OP. 4.04 of the World Bank recognises the importance of

conserving natural habitats for long term sustainable development. The Malawi Forestry Act 1997

deals with the management of indigenous forest on customary and private land, forest reserves and

protected forest areas. It is a requirement under the Act that any development proposed in forest

reserves must be subjected to EIA.

The NWDP II activities will involve improvements in water abstraction, storage and transmission. In

some areas the water abstraction, storage and transmission activities will make use of the existing

water structures such dams, tanks and pipelines. In Mzuzu, Kasungu, Lilongwe and Zomba the water

supply improvements will in some way or another depend on the existing dams. The Lunyangwa Dam

in Mzuzu, Kamuzu 1 and 2 dams in Lilongwe and Mulunguzi dam in Zomba have fairly adequate

capacity to supply water for the medium term. Chitete dam in Kasungu however, requires urgent de-

silting and catchment protection measures. The de-silting works on the Chitete dam will have very

minor significance on the project's investments. All the dams are managed by the respective Water

Boards and appear to be safe for the duration of the project.

The EIA process for Malawi (EMA, 1997) requires that the baseline situation of the existing environment

be established, before any project that might significantly impact on the environment is implemented.

The sections outlined below briefly outline the existing environmental situation in the project impact

areas of the NWDP II.

2.2 Mzimba and Mzuzu City

2.2.1 Mzimba

Mzimba District is the largest district in Malawi. It is bordered by Rumphi to the North, Nkhatabay to the

East, Kasungu to the South and Zambia to the West. The district has a total area of 10,430 square

Kilometres.

Topography and GeologyThere are four major physical features in the district. The Viphya highlands in the east are a high

plateau with the altitude of 1954 metres above sea level. There are large pine plantations and natural

forests on the plateau. The plains in the west extend into Kasungu and Zambia. The hill zones,

characterized by moderate to steep slopes, occur in Khosolo, Kanjuchi, and Mpherembe. There are

also valleys along South Rukuru, Kasitu and Dwangwa Rivers (Kabuwa area). South Rukuru is the

biggest and longest river in the district and region.


Generally Mzimba is covered with medium to light textured but moderately fertile soils with eutric-fersialic soil characteristics. The soils have moderate to good drainage. Fertile loamy soils are found in

the valleys and are suitable for agricultural production.

Water ResourcesMzimba River is the main water source forthe Mzimba Central Business District (CBD).The Northern Region Water Board isresponsible for the water supply to MzimbaBoma and Mzuzu City. However MzimbaRiver is heavily silted due to river bankcultivation (Figure 2.1).

Only 53% of the households have access to a

safe drinking water (piped, boreholes andprotected wells).

Figure 2.1: Mzimba River

The Northem Region Water Board supplieswater to Mzuzu city residents from Lunyangwa Dam on Lunyangwa River. Mzimba Boma faces water

shortages throughout the year.

VegetationMzimba is largely covered with indigenous and woodland forests, predominantly semi-evergreenwoodlands of Brachystegia Julbemardia and Erythrophloem, especially in Mpherembe-Euthini zone.There are thickets of Combretum, Commophora and Euphorbia interspersed with the brachystegia

woodlands at the extreme northern part of the district, where it borders with Rumphi district. Plantationforests of Pinus and Eucalyptus species around Viphya and Chikangawa, grasslands with forest

remnants, dry grasslands with fallow or regenerating shrubs and seasonal grasslands are common in

some parts of the district.

The total forest reserve area is 233,926 hectares, which is about 56% of the total forest area in Mzimba.The forest reserves are Champhira, South Viphya, Perekezi, Mtangatanga, Sonjo, Bunganya, Choma,

and Dwambazi. The forest reserves are.protected under the Forestry Act (1997). It is a requirementunder the Act that any development proposed in forest reserves must be subjected to an EIA study.

Lack of catchment protection for major rivers such as Mzimba, Kasitu, Luwerezi and Dwambazi havecreated bare lands on South Viphya Plateau, which is now highly eroded. Other environmentalproblems include deforestation, water resources degradation and depletion, human habitat degradation

and threats to biodiversity.

PopulationAccording to 1998 population census, Mzimba District has a population of about 524,014 comprising6.2% of the country's population. Between 1987 and 1998, the population of the District increased by

40.9% representing an inter-censal growth rate of 3.1% per annum (NSO, 1998). With population of

about 13, 742, Mzimba Boma is the biggest urban area in the District and serves as an administrative,commercial and industrial centre. Its population growth rate increased by 5.4% in the inter-censalperiod (1987-1998), owing to inward migration from rural areas to the Boma.

EconomyAgriculture is the main economic activity of Mzimba District, which has 575,350 hectares of arable land.In the 2001/2002 agriculture season, 35% (202, 553 hectares) of the arable land was under cultivation(GoM, 2003). Much of the arable land (200,322 hectares) under cultivation is used by smallholder


farmers while the rest is under estates. Among the major crops grown in Mzimba are maize, millet,burley tobacco, oriental tobacco, ground nuts and beans.

The Status of Water Supply and SanitationMzimba Boma: According to the people that were consulted and what the consultants observed,Mzimba Boma experiences acute water shortages throughout the year. The problem has arisenbecause of two major reasons. The first is that the capacity of the water supply system is lower than thedemand for water. The system has capacity to supply 1200m 3/day while the current demand is about1400m3/day. Therefore the system is unable to cope with the demand for water supply. The increasedwater supply demand is caused by an ever increasing population growth at the Boma. The secondmajor problem is the heavy siltation (Figure 2.1) in the Mzimba River, caused by river bank cultivationand deforestation in the catchment area. The two problems can be sorted out by rehabilitating the watersupply infrastructure and implementing catchment protection and conservation measures.

2.2.1 Mzuzu CityMzuzu city currently has access to portable water. However, thereare some problems in some townships which are unable toaccess water all the time because of low pressure. According tothe Northern Region Water Board, the system is operating at i's , -

maximum capacity though it fails to reach all the customers.Comparing water quality of Mzuzu City with that of Mzimba Boma, -, , -the water quality for Mzuzu City is much better due to goodcatchment protection of Lunyangwa Dam (Figure 2.2).

With continued protection of the Lunyangwa catchment, the damis capable of supplying adequate water to Mzuzu City for the next10 years. The immediate problem faced by the Northern Region Water Board is limited capacity topump enough water to all areas within Mzuzu City and the surrounding areas such as Ekwendeni. Tosolve the problem of low pressure, the Water Board plans to construct a water tank at Doroba some 10kilometres west of Mzuzu City.

Another problem faced by the Northern Region Water Board is their inability to manage the catchmentfor the Lunyangwa Dam. Legally, Lunyangwa Forest Reserve is under the Department of Forestry. Thisarrangement gives problems to the Water Board to effectively management the catchment.

2.3 Kasungu Town

Kasungu Town is located almost at the centre of Kasungu District, in the Central Region of Malawi. It isbordered by Zambia in the West and Mchinji, Dowa and Lilongwe in the South; Mzimba in the North;and Nkhotakota and Ntchisi in the East. It is the only district in Malawi, which shares boundaries withseven districts, in addition to sharing a boarder with Zambia. The district head quarters areapproximately 127km from Lilongwe City.

Topography, Geology and SoilsThe township is under the Lilongwe-Kasungu Plain. The topography is generally undulating and is 1100metres above sea level. Its landform includes the Kasungu Mountain, located to the west of the CentralBusiness District and Kasungu-Chipala to the north-north east. Kasungu Mountain is 1,451.1 metreshigh.

The town lies on gneiss formations belonging to the basement complex. The gneiss is mainlycomposed of metamorphosed rock of sedimentary and igneous origin, known collectively as the Malawi


basement Complex. The rocks form 'Residual Mountains', popularly known as inselbergs, such asKasungu Mountain.

The dominant soil types are the lateritic soils. These are sandy loam soils, reddish in colour. In someareas there are river and Dambo colluviums, red clay and pure sandy soils. These are well-drainedsoils, of varying thickness. The soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.6, suitable for growing maize, tobacco andlegumes. The soils are good for construction purposes.

Water ResourcesThe town has two main rivers; the Chitete and theChankhanga Rivers. Chitete River flows from thesouthern part of the town and is joined by the ,. ~ ~ ..

Kabvunguti stream which flows from the southwest.At the confluence of these two is the Chitete Dam(Figure 2.3). The Dam belongs to the Central Region s. 3 X '. -Water Board and was constructed to supply water to ithe town and township residents. At about 3 3kilometres down stream, the Chitete River is joined -

by the Chankhanga River whose catchment is

Kasungu Mountain. Figure 2.3: Kabvunguti Dam, Kasungu Town

The other dam within the town is calledChamphantha. This dam belongs to the Nguluyanawambe Residence (residence of the first presidentof Malawi). It was constructed on Champhantha stream, which flows into Chankhanga River. Formingthe boundary to the east between the township and the district is Kaswalipande Stream. This streamempties its waters into the Chitete River which flows out of the township.

VegetationKasungu Township has savanna woodland punctuated with tall grass. The most common trees includethe Accacia species and Brachystegia

The status of Water supply and SanitationCentral Region Water Board supplies water to Kasungu Town and Township by pumping from theChitete Dam (Figure 2.3). However, Kasungu is a fast growing town and therefore Central RegionWater Board is currently unable to adequately supply water to all its customers. Certain areas in thetownship experience water shortages due to low pressure. The low pressure is caused by small pipesand inadequate storage tanks. Another problem, the Water Board faces is siltation of the reservoir dueto catchment cultivation and in some cases due settlements less than 150 metres away from the dam.In order to ensure adequate water supply to the township, the Central Region Water Board plans torehabilitate the transmission system (part of which is old asbestos cement pipes) as well as the storagetanks. In addition, the Water Board plans to intensify the catchment protection of the Chitete Dam byplanting trees and grass and also de-silting the.dam. Siltation is a serious problem due to inadequatecatchment protection.

2.4 LilongweLilongwe, which is the capital city of Malawi, is named after Lilongwe River that flows almost across thecentre of the district. It is located in the Central Region and is bordered by Dedza District to the eastand Salima District to the North East. The total land area is 6,159 square kilometres representing 6.5%of Malawi's total land area. However, NWDP II will target only the City and the surrounding peri-urbanareas.


Topography, Geology and SoilsLandform ranges from extensive plains lying at mid-altitude between 1,000-1,400m above sea level

with isolated inselbergs rising above this level. To the east, the Lilongwe plain becomes increasinglydissected and merges with the Dedza hills and Dedza scarp zone. The Dzalanyama forest reserve,rising to 1,713m above sea level, lies to the South West of the Lilongwe plains.

Largely various gneisses, granulites and schist, including important developments of pegmatite rocks,underlie the Lilongwe plain. All these are assigned to the Malawi Basement Complex. In the centreand west of Lilongwe however, these rocks are commonly masked by a variety of superficial deposits,which in some places are of considerable thickness.

Soils vary in type, depth and maturity. The Lilongwe soil catena is representative of the ferruginous soilpattern covering the central part of the Lilongwe Plain. Dark red, sandy clay or clay; possessing typicalproperties of ferruginous soil dominate the district's flat lying plain commonly known as the LilongweSeries comprising the following:

* Kandiani Series- a yellowish red profile with a sandy clay sub-layer;* Mwanjema Series- a deep subsoil of dark brown colour;* Monde Series- a course sandy, ferallitic soil, with the lower horizon mottled, and impeded site

drainage* Mbabzi Series- black hydromorphic clay (also known as cambo clays) subject to seasonal

water loggingWater ResourcesThere are six main rivers draining the district and these are Lilongwe, Lingadzi, Diamphwe, Bua, Nanjiri,and Mbabzi. Lilongwe River and Likuni are the main sources of water supply to the residents of the

City. The catchment of the two rivers is so degraded that the security of the water supply sources iscompromised. The has prompted Lilongwe Water Board to investigate alternative water supply sourcesto sustain and expand the water supply coverage to Lilongwe Town and surrounding Townships. TheLilongwe and Likuni Rivers are heavily silted particularly during the rainy seasons. This contributes to

the high water treatment costs.

Vegetation and EnvironmentLilongwe District has three gazetted forest reserves under public land. These include Dzalanyama,Thuma and Nalikule. However, the forest reserve that is of relevance to this project is the Dzalanyamawhich is the major catchment area for Lilongwe river. The main tree species found in DzalanyamaForest Reserve and the surrounding areas include Julbemadia paniculata (Mtondo), Parinaricuratellifolia (muula), Brachestegia spiciformis (mvukwe), Terminalia sericea and Bohemmia thoningii.

The Status of Water Supply and SanitationThe supply of water to Lilongwe City and the surrounding peri-urban areas such as Chitedze, Army Airwing, Kamuzu International Airport, Bunda College, etc. is done by Lilongwe and Central Region WaterBoards. Lilongwe River, on which Kamudzu Dam 1 & 2 are built is the main source of water for the twoWater Boards. Due to the growing population in the City of Lilongwe as well as the peri-urban areas,many places are not connected to the water supply network and some of those connected experiencelow water pressure.

Central Region Water Board buys water from Lilongwe Water Board and distributes to its customersaround the Likuni area.

2.5 Mangochi

Topography and Geology


Mangochi lies in the rift valley plain. The district becomes undulating to hilly from Monkey Bay to CapeMaclear, with an altitude below 600 metres above the sea level. The geology comprises basementcomplex paragneisses and chamockitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites.

Soils: The most predominant soils in the lithosols. These soils are generally shallow and stony

occurring mainly in the rift valley scarp.

Water Resources: The major hydrological feature along the district is Lake Malawi, which supplieswater to most of the sites along the district. The lake is an important and prominent tourist attraction sitewith holiday resorts and lodges along the shores.

2.6 Zomba

Zomba District is located in the Southern Region of Malawi. It is bordered by Chiradzulu to the South

West, Mulanje and Phalombe Districts to the South, Machinga District to the North, Balaka District to

the North West and Mozambique to the East. The total land area of the District is 2,580 square

kilometres, comprising 3% of the total land area of Malawi.

The Municipality of Zomba, which houses the district headquarters, is 64 kilometres North of Blantyre

City, the country's main commercial centre; and 288 kilometres south of Lilongwe City, the Capital of

Malawi. Zomba Municipality is the second largest town in the Southern Region after Blantyre and the

fourth largest in the country. It is also a University Town where the University of Malawi Central

Administrative Offices and Chancellor College, a constituent college of the University of Malawi, are

located.

Topography and GeologyThe topography varies between undulating to flat. The topographical characteristics cause climatic

diversity. Metamorphic rocks of sedimentary and igneous origins underline the district. There are

different types of minerals and these include limestone currently being mined commercially in the

district.

SoilsMost soils are well-drained, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, medium to fine textured, slightly to

medium acidic and are very deep. These soils are mostly classified as eutric or chromic camisoles,

haplic or chronic luvisols or haplic or luvic phaeozems. Greysols are particularly common around Lake

Chilwa.

Water ResourcesZomba District is endowed with rivers that include Mulunguzi, Thondwe, Domasi, Naisi, Namadzi,

Phalombe and Likangala. In addition to several rivers of importance, the District has Lake Chilwa into

which some of these rivers drain. The new dam on Mulunguzi River is the main water supply source for

the Municipality of Zomba and its peri-urban areas

Vegetation

Zomba can be classified into two distinct biotic communities. Part of the plateau is semi-evergreen

forest while the other part is made up of wetlands. Miombo woodlands comprise forestlands in the

plateaux hills and escarpments that have medium to high rainfall. Mopane woodlands which are largely

dominated by Colophospermum mopane with open glades cover the fringes of the District. The most

common vegetation type is that of Brachystegia (Miombo) woodland. The District has high species

diversity particularly on the Zomba Mountain. In addition to the various tree species, the District has the

Zomba Forest Reserve.


Population Size and GrowthAccording to the 1998 Population and Housing Census Zomba District has a total population of 540,428which is about 6% of the national population. The average population growth rate is estimated at 1.8 %,

slightly lower than the population growth rate of 1.9% for the country. Zomba is the largest district in

terms of population size in the Southern Region. Zomba Municipality has a population of 64,115

EnvironmentThe environmental situation in Zomba is fast deteriorating due to the rapid loss of forest cover.

Deforestation is occurring at a very fast pace as a result of human encroachment in protected forests,for purposes of agricultural expansion, increasing demand for fuelwood (charcoal and firewood), and

higher timber requirement. The rate of forest destruction is further aggravated by infrastructuredevelopment, such as the construction of Mulunguzi Dam and expansion of the district road network.

The Status of Water Supply and Sanitation

Southern Region Water Board is the supplier of portable water to the Municipality of Zomba. The Water

Board abstracts the water from new dam on Mulunguzi River. Due to increasing human population in

the municipality, more water is required. The Water Board faces problems of low pressure due to smalland old pipes constructed some decades ago. It is planned under the N\VDP II to rehabilitate the water

supply system so that it is able to meet the current and future demand.

Zomba Municipality has an old sewerage i ;system that is not able to service the ' - j -

current -population. The old sewerage i .-asbestos pipes continuously break. Themunicipality also depends on the septictank system for treatment and disposal ofsewage. With increasing humanpopulation, there is need to upgrade thesewerage system to cope with increasingwastewater generation. During thepublic consultations, the consultantnoted the problems of sullage disposal atcommunal water points. Lack of proper -. icommnaltwater dpois.l Lac ofese propa Figure 2.4 Problems of wastewater disposal at one of the communal water pointswastewater disposal at these communaltaps contributes to unsanitary conditions and water related diseases including malaria. Figure 2.4

shows the problems typically faced at these communal water points

2.7 Blantyre District

Location and SizeBlantyre District is bordered by Mwanza District in the North, Zomba in the North East, Chiradzulu in the

South East, Thyolo in the South and Chikwawa in the west. It is located in the Shire Highlands and isthe geographical centre of the Southern Region of the Country. It is the largest commercial city and is

the industrial capital of Malawi. The current population of Blantyre District, based on populationprojection is 1,113,613. Out of this population 744,734 live in the city while 368,879 live in the ruralareas. Blantyre has a population growth rate of 3.8%.

Soil


There are three main types of soils: (a) the dark clay or reddish brown clay loam soil; clayey alluvium

deposits mostly found in areas which are moderately steep and flat along banks and headwaters of

rvers and streams; and residual soils from pyroxene granulate and systematic gneiss.

VegetationThe district has savanna type of vegetation. Most of the vegetation is heavily depleted due to clearance

for the construction of buildings and urban infrastructure, crop cultivation and exploitation for firewood,

charcoal making and building materials. The only remaining natural forests are confined conservationareas e.g. Michiru , Soche and Bangwe Mountain.

Forest Reserves and PlantationsThe district has a number of forest reserves and plantations covering a total of 15,058 hectares. Most of

the forest reserves/plantations are planted with blue gum and are in advanced state of deforestation.These include Namatunu, Ndirande, Soche, Kanjedza, Bangwe, Michiru, Chigumula, Blantyre City

Fuelwood Project, Mirale, and International Timber Plantation.

The prominent forest types are plantations with exotic species of eucalyptus and pine trees. The

plantafions are mostly government or estate owned. The indigenous forests, mostly composed of

Brachystegia woodland are found on customary land under Traditional Authorities (T/As).

Water ResourcesBlantyre District has abundant renewable ground and surface water resources which cater for water

supply through the provision of piped water, boreholes and wells. The piped water caters for the city

residents and the peri - urban dwellers. Over 80 percent are served by this source.

Piped water supply in the district is provided by the Blantyre Water Board to over 80 percent of the city

population. This implies that less than 20 percent of the city dwellers obtain water from unprotectedsource such as streams and rivers. The rivers are degraded mainly due to illegal dumping of waste and

effluent discharges from industries, domestic and commercial establishments. The rivers are also

affected by high levels of faecal contaminants and poor sanitation combined with seepage from latrines.

Environment SituationUnlike other districts, the rate at which the environment is deteriorating in Blantyre is very much

alarming. Being the major commercial and industrial city of the country, the work force is always on the

move, immigrating into the city with the purpose of looking for either job or business opportunities.

These groups of people exert a big pressure on the environment as they look for fuel wood, land for

settlement and for dumping waste. Fast track analysis of the environment by district heads of

departments identified the following as major environmental problems faced in the district. The

problems are listed according to the extent of their gravity with deforestation being the highest:1. Deforestation2. Over population3. Water pollution4. Unplanned settlement5. Waste mismanagement6. Land degradation7. Disease outbreak8. Drought9. Water hyacinth10. Air pollution11. Siltation


It is widely acknowledged that the district's natural resources have been and continue to be degraded

due to the combined effects of overpopulation, poor land management practices, and poverty among

other things.

The Status of Water Supply and SanitationWater supply for Blantyre is provided by the Blantyre Water Board. The Board abstracts water from

Walker's Ferry on Shire River to Blantyre for a distance of more than 30 kilometres. Blantyre City and

its surrounding townships experience critical water supply shortages due to old pipes (some of them are

asbestos type) and equipment that frequently down, high silt levels and the presence of water hyacinth

in the Shire River which affect the pumping at the intake (Walker's Ferry); and power supply

interruptions caused by high silt the load

Blantyre City Assembly has three main sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants. These

sewerage systems and treatment plants require upgrading to improve the quality and coverage of

sanitation particularly in the growing townships.

2.8 The Liwonde Barrage

The Liwonde Barrage, located on the Shire River, in Liwonde Township was constructed in the 70's tocontrol the Shire River water flow for power

- generation and water supply for Blantyre City and- surrounding townships. Due to age and the

technology used, the Barrage is unable toeffectively control water flow in the Shire River forI- Il-" efficient power generation. Of late the Liwonde

- Barrage area has been adversely affected by waterhyacinth from upstream. This has lead to additionalproblems of water abstraction as well as powergeneration.

2007 /02:20

Fig 2.5: Water hyacinth trapped under the Liwonde barrage


CHAPTER THREE: RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES

3.1 Malawi Legislation Relevant to NNWDP Il ImplementationLegislation, policies and instruments are available to support environmental management and the EIAprocess in Malawi. The National Environmental Policy (2004) and the Environment Management Act(EMA, 1996) are the key instruments that cover environmental management in all the sectors ofdevelopment. The EIA Guidelines prescribe the process, procedures and practices for conducting anEIA and preparing EIA reports. In addition to these instruments, there are sector specific policies andlegislations that that provide regulation for managing the environment. Summarized below are some ofthese policies and legislation that are relevant to the implementation of the NWDP II.

The Republic of Malawi Constitution (1995)

The present constitution of the Republic of Malawi came into force in 1995. Section 13 (d) of theConstitution sets a broad framework for sustainable environmental management at various levels inMalawi. Among other issues, it calls for prudent management of the environment and accords futuregenerations their full rights to the environment. In accordance with the provisions of the constitution, theNational Water Development Project II has to ensure that all its project activities are implemented in anenvironmentally sustainable manner.

The National Environmental Action Plan 2002

The Government of Malawi signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 andcommitted herself to pufting in place tools and mechanisms that ensure sustainable utilization of herresources. One of the outcomes of the Rio Conference was the Agenda 21, an action plan forsustainable development in the 21st Century. The Agenda 21 required that the Government prepares aNafional Environmental Action Plan (NEAP). The NEAP, developed in 1994, provides the framework forintegrating environmental protection and management in all country development programmes, with theview to achieving sustainable socio-economic development NWDP II will have effects on naturalresources especially water sources and their respective catchments. The implementation of the projectwill therefore, require environmental protection and management measures to achieve sustainabledevelopment as required by the NEAP.

National Environmental Policy 2004

Based on the findings of the NEAP, a National Environmental Policy (NEP) was developed in 1996, andrevised in 2004. The NEP highlights the areas of priority including efficient utilization and managementof natural resources. It promotes the private sector, CBOs, NGOs and community participation toinitiate and mobilize resources, to achieve sustainable environmental management, and to involve localcommunities in environmental planning. The policy empowers the communities to protect, conserveand sustainably utilize the nation's natural resources. It advocates enhancement of public awarenessand promotion of public participation. It also prescribes cooperation with other Governments andrelevant international and regional organizations in the management and protection of the environment.

The NEP objectives address a broad range of environmental problems facing Malawi. The overallpolicy goal is the promotion of sustainable social and economic development through the soundmanagement of the environment in Malawi. In line with the requirements of the NEAP, NWDP II willhave to integrate environmental management and protection during planning, implementation andoperational phases, to ensure integrated natural resources management. The NEAP provides thebasis for the participation of the local communities in the management of natural resources and theenvironment for the NWDP II.

Water, Waste & Environment Consuftants 29/11/2007 22

Environment Management Act 1996

The Environment Management Act of 1996 outlines the EIA process to be followed in Malawi and

requires that all project developers in both the public and private sectors comply with the process. The

Act defines the powers, functions and duties of the Director of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and

Environmental Affairs Department (EAD) in implementing the EIA process. The Act prescribes the

types and sizes of projects, which should be subjected to EIA. However, the Act does not have an

environmental and social screening process for those projects whose location and extent are not yet

known at the inception and planning stage.

In the NWDP II, some of the project activities may fall under the list of prescribed projects as

determined by the EMA. Hence, EIA studies have to be conducted for these activities before

implementation. Since the project locations and the extent of project activities are not exactly known at

this time, this ESMF is required for the environmental and social screening to guide the developer in

determining the level of environmental work required.

EIA Guidelines 1997

The EIA guidelines published in 1997 outline the process for conducting EIA's .o ensure compliance

with the EIA process by project developers, as outlined in the Environment Management Act. Theguidelines provide a list of prescribed projects for which EIA is mandatory and those that may not

require an EIA. The guidelines are a tool for integrating environmental issues into the project

development plans in both the public and private sectors. The National Water Development Project II

activities will have to be screened to isolate activities which will be subjected to ElAs in different

locations. After the screening process, ElAs will have to be conducted for the project activities that

qualify, by following the process outlined in the guidelines.

Decentralization Policy 1998

The Decentralization Policy, developed in 1998 devolves administration and political authority to the

district level, in order to promote popular participation. The Decentralization Policy assigns certain

responsibilities to district assemblies. One of the key responsibilities is to assist the government in the

management and preservation of the environment and natural resources. This policy is useful for the

implementation of the NWDP II, as it supports the creation of different sectoral committees at all levels

of the district, to promote participation of different stakeholders.

National Land Policy, 2002

The National Land Policy is the principal policy that guides land management and administration in

Malawi. The policy introduces major reforms intended for land planning, use, management and tenure.

It provides clear definition of land ownership categories (Section 4), and addresses issues ofcompensation payment for land (Section 4.6).

The policy has provisions for environmental management, urban management of solid and liquidwastes, protection of sensitive areas, agricultural resource conservation and land use, communityforests and woodland management. Of particular importance are the requirements in Section 9.8.1 (b)

of the policy, that EIA studies shall be mandatory before any major land development project is carriedout; and in Section 9.8.1 (c) that development activities in fragile ecosystems such as wetlands, gamereserves, forest reserves and critical habitants will only be permitted after the appropriate authority hasconducted an EIA study. NWDP II will have to adhere to this policy to meet its requirements forsustainable management and protection of the water and other natural resources.


National Water Policy (2004)

Similar to the National Land Policy, the National Water Policy is a recent administrative tool in thenatural resources management (NRM) sector. This policy empowers the Ministry of Irrigation and WaterDevelopment to put in place sustainable mechanisms to ensure that water is of acceptable quality andis accessible to all Malawians at all times. The policy also advocates an integrated approach to themanagement of water resources in the country and thereby recognizes the importance of other policiesand acts for achieving its goals.

The relevance of this policy to the NWDP II is where the proposed project activities might affect aquaticecosystems either positively or negatively. If not properly managed, the activities of the project maylead to the degradation and depletion of water resources thereby counteracting the principles of theNational Water Policy. Therefore it will be vital for the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, asa key, stakeholder to ensure that the project activities are adequately monitored to protect natural waterresources.

Water Resources Act (1969)

The Water Resources Act (1969) deals with control, conser,ation, apportionment and use of waterresources of Malawi. Of relevance to the project is Section 16 of the Act which states that it is anoffence for any person to interfere with, alter the flow of, or pollute, or foul any public water. This Actrequires that the NWDP II avoid water degradation and depletion when developing new water supplyschemes and rehabilitating/upgrading the existing ones. NWDP II must also ensure that wastewaterfrom water supply points is properly treated so that it does not pollute the environment.

Forestry Act (1997)

The Forestry Act (1997) deals with the management of indigenous forests on customary and privateland; forest reserves and protected forest areas; woodlots and plantation forestry and it also deals withcrosscutting issues including law enforcement and fire management.

The Act recommends EIA studies for projects in the forest reserves or forest-protected areas. TheForestry Act 1997 gives the Forestry Management Board the responsibility to approve EIA reports forproposed projects within forest reserves and protected forest areas. NWDP II will have to comply withthis Act especially in the Northern Region where most of the planned activities particularly dams arewithin the forest reserves.

Forestry Policy (1996)

This policy promotes sustainable contribution of national forests, woodlands and trees towards theimprovements of the quality of life in the country by conserving the resources for the benefit of thenation and to the satisfaction of diverse and changing needs of the Malawi population, particularly localcommunities. The main goal of the Forest Policy is to reduce the degenerative impact of developmenton the environment, is associated with poverty. The Policy also aims at creating an enablingenvironment for promoting participation of the private sector in forest conservation and management,eliminating restrictions on sustainable harvesting of essential forest products by local communities andpromotion of planned harvesting and regeneration of the forest resources by village forest authorities.The Policy is of importance to the NWDP II in that it supports protection of catchments, which includewater sources and forests.


National Parks and Wildlife Act (2000)

The Act primarily deals with the protection and sustainable management of wildlife. Of relevance toNWDP II is Part IV relating to Wildlife Impact Assessment (WIA). This empowers any person to requestthe minister, through the Wildlife Research and Management Board, to have a WIA prepared wherethey have sufficient reason to believe that any proposed or existing government process or activity mayhave an adverse impact on any wildlife species or the community. Considering that some componentsof the National Water Development Project II may be implemented in national parks or wildlife reserves,especially catchments for different rivers, it is important that these provisions are taken into account andthat appropriate action is taken. For the NWDP II, a WIA of the proposed Dam in Mzimba may have tobe necessary to assess impacts of the dam on natural habitats, cultural property, forests and peoplewho might lose access to the parks resources.

National Parks and Wildlife Policy (2000)

The aim of the National Parks and Wildlife Policy is to ensure proper conservation and management ofwildlife resources, to provide for sustainable utilization and equitable access to the resources; and thesharing of benefits arising from the use of the resources for both present and future generations. One ofthe policy objectives is to ensure adequate protection of ecosystems and their tiological diversitythrough promotion and adoption of appropriate land management practices that adhere to the principleof sustainable development. The National Water Development Project II will have to ensure that thedevelopment and use of the water resources meets the needs of the present generation and considersthe needs of future generations.

Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (1997)

The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) enacted in 1997, identifies issues which mayhave a bearing on the NWDP II such as: degradation of spawning grounds by siltation and changingwater flow regimes; retention of the unique biodiversity of Lake Malawi and protection of pollutionsources. The proposed project should take these issues into account to ensure that it does notadversely affect fish resources. This is critical especially with respect to the project activities inMangochi and Liwonde.

Town and Country Planning Act 1988

The Town and Country Planning Act is a very important policy for managing land use in Malawi. TheAct advocates regulation of developments with respect to location in order to ensure compatibility ofland use components over a project area. The Act promotes protection and sustainable utilization ofnatural resources through optimal use of land and related service infrastructures.

The Town and Country Planning Act should be the guiding principle to ensure that NWDP II optimallyutilizes and manages land resources and that the proposed development activities are compatible withthe land use planning.

3.2 Relevant World Bank Safeguard Policies Compared with the National Legislation

The proposed National Water Development Project II will trigger two of the World Bank's safeguardpolicies: OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment and OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement are the mostrelevant and applicable safeguard policy for this study. Both policies are summarized and comparedwith national legislation in the sub-sections below:


Environmental Assessment (Operational Policy 4.01)The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound andsustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions andmitigation of their likely environmental impacts. This policy is triggered if a project is likely to havepotential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence.

The Wodd Bank's categorization of projects, with respect to significance of environmental impacts is as follows:

(a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant

adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may

affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project

examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with

those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" situation), and recommends any

measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve

environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a

report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive or sectoral EA) that includes as necessary,

elements of other elements such as environmental audits or hazard or risk assessments.

(b) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental

impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas - including wetlands, forests,

grasslands, and other natural habitats - are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These

impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigatory measures

can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The sc~ope of EA for a Category B project

may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it

examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any

measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve

environmental performance.

(c) Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no

adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C

project.

(d) Category Fl: A proposed project is classified as Category Fl if it involves investment of Bank

funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that might result in adverse environmental

impacts.

A summary of the World Bank's safeguard policies that are relevant to NWDP II is provided in Annex 6.

The construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure under the NWDP II, is likely to have environmentalimpacts, which require mitigation. Therefore, in line with the Operational Policy, this ESMF is prepared

for screening of the NWDP II project activities. Given that the NWDPII has been classified as a

Category B, the NWDPII will not fund any investments that have been classified as Category A based

on the screening results.

Involuntary Resettlement (Operational Policy 4.12)The objective of OP 4.12 is to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible by exploring all

viable alternative project designs. OP 4.12 is intended to assist displaced persons in maintaining or

improving their living standards. It encourages community participation in planning and implementingresettlement; and in providing assistance to affected people, regardless of the legality of title of the land

they posses and has to be acquired for project activities. This policy is triggered not only if physical

relocation occurs, but also by any loss of land resulting in: relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or

access to assets; loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected people

must move to another location. For the NWDP II, a Resettlement Policy Framework to guide land

acquisition and resettlement has been prepared.


3.3 Gaps between World Bank Policies and the National Legislation

Environmental Assessment

Both the Malawi legislation on EIA and the World Bank OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment haveprovisions for conducting environmental impact assessment studies for projects that are likely to causeadverse environmental impacts. For the case of Malawi legislation, there is no provision forenvironmental screening of projects whose activities and locations are not known, while the Bankundertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the extent and type ofenvironmental assessment. The Bank further classifies proposed projects into one of four categories,depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project, and the nature and magnitude ofits potential environmental impacts. By preparing this ESMF, the gap that exists for the projects whoseactivities and locations are not known is bridged. However, it is recommended that the Malawienvironmental legislation be revised to incorporate the screening process for project activities whoselocation and activities are not known.

Involuntary Resettlement

While the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement requires the preparation of a ResettlementPolicy Framework for projects that may result in relocation of people, the Malawi National Land Policy isnot very clear on the procedures to be followed for cases requiring resettlement and compensation. Asa result, resettlement and compensation has to be determined for each project, individually. This hasthe derogatory effect of always putting the displaced persons at a disadvantage. The preparation of theResettlement Policy Framework bridges the gap and ensures that the project affected persons areadequately catered for and that their livelihoods are restored or improved in comparison with theoriginal conditions. It is therefore recommended that the Ministry responsible for land matters shoulddevelop appropriate procedures to be followed when people have to be resettled and compensated.


CHAPTER FOUR: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

4.1 Description of Project Phases for Environmental Management

The typical project activities to be implemented under each of the priority NWDP II subcomponents arebroadly categorized into the:

* planning and design,* construction and rehabilitation,* operation and maintenance and* decommissioning and closure phases

This has been done in order to identify some of the main potential and significant environmental andsocial components that would be impacted by the project activities of the nature proposed for NWDP II.

Each of the project phases listed above have environmental and social consequences on the differentenvironmental components such as soils, water, air and the society. Table 4.1 below relates the fourproject phases to the environmental components.

As can be seen from the table, most of the impacts will be felt during the construction and rehabilitationphases of the various project activities while fewer impacts will be felt during the operation andmaintenance phases; and the least number of impacts will be experienced during the planning anddesign phase of project implementation.

Water, Waste & Envimnment Consultants 29/11/2007 28

Table 4.1: An Outline of Typical Project Activities and Examples of Potential Impacts of National Water Development Project II

ENVIRONMENTALCOMPONENTS

* '". -- 2 co >

PN A0 D

M of s -a) 4- 0co -% U*0 1D E

Survyn oftepoecieXX. X) X X

0 -0 0 E0 a)0 co W

Proec design E X X ~a -~ (

C ) CD*) -~. 0 E L-co co cm-0 > E .c 0

CI BE RT = = = = = = =E - - - -

coiizto of reore X!- . -a X > X cm X) X; | =

- a 0 L) jco0)0 (U _

Mohabilizationofistakehoders X | X X = X XL l X-Si = te Ie n t) X = Lo X = X XX X -- X

Surveysiongofthproject siteX X X X X X X X___ XXXX X X

oiationofrsoes X X X X XI XX

Projiectodsigutinmaeil X X __ | X -I X__X| X X__ XX|X

COANSTRUCTIO ADREHAILTAIO

Rehabilitationofnaes X XX X X XX X X X XsXaXkX dX s X XdCoeaructiaccssroas X_|X X X X X X |iX X X X X X X X X

Diversion of rivers X X X X X XX X XX X XAfforestation of selected catchment areas X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XAcquire construction materials X X X X X X X X X X __ X X X X X X X X XRehabilitation of dams XXX X X X X XXXXX XX X X XConstruct access roads X X X X X XX X X X X X XInstall water pipes X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XInstallwatertanks X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XDredgedamsandintakes X | X I X X I XX X X X X X X X X X I X X

Water, Waste & Environment Consuftants 29111/2007 29

ENVIRONMENTALCOMPONENTS ) U

.. 0 - o -DCM AND C. co >

03

Water W & o C(U - >- E

co. 0 w )U) a 0 E Z0 E U co

'0 -D > - a U) r-co coa 4. Do E = u co0

co - CD -

0 0 )U ) U > C- 0 -c cm U) co

PROJECTACTIVITIES 7 U) oU tr .2 'a -a " ) -2 33a) 0 - - i. . .6 0 = 0 -I. Ma) U) U

CD Co ~-co Co C CD < U-u Z 0= ... 0 U u -J z WU <

Construct intakes X XXX X X XXX X X X XXX X XRehabilitate pipelines &Equipment __ XX X X __ X X X X X X X X X X X x xDemobilization X X X XX XX XX X X X X

OPERATION & MTCEWater abstraction X XXX _ XX X XX XWater supply X X X XX XX X XX X X XOperation of water points X IXXX __ XX X XX X X XX X X

DECOMM. AND CLOSSUREClosure of quarries and borrow pits X XX X X X X I-X X- X XX ___

Notes: X indicates the component of the environment that the programme has potential impacts (may be negative or positive).

Water, Waste & Environment Consult ants 29/11/2007 30

4.2 Sources of Environmental and Social Impacts

The NWDP II and related subcomponent activities will generate environmental and social impacts during

implementation, operation as well as during decommissioning. This is because:

• the civil works for new structures will involve construction on virgin land thereby affecting the

farmland, human settlement, forests, animals, and other natural resources;

* the rehabilitation works will require demolition of existing water supply infrastructure and generate

rubble and waste that will need to be disposed of properly;

* both the new and the rehabilitation civil works may require new land for storage/distribution tanks,

booster stations, pipelines and for construction of temporary structures;

• additional water abstraction resulting in changes in ground and surface water regimes, both inside

and outside the project impact areas;* additional use of water resources will result in the increase in waste water generation;

* water supply activities and other civil works may cause water stagnation and sanitation problems;

* the provision of water supply in unplanned areas may result in increase of unplanned settlements;

* the increase in numbers of people within the project areas will result in depletion of natural

resources, pollution of water and degradation of soils. Consequently, several environmental

components will be affected in one way or another by such activities and;

* the increase in interaction of different types of people will result in social and health problems

arising from high pressure on social and health services such as medical and educational

services.

During field investigations and public consultations stakeholders identified key potential impacts that are

likely to be generated by the project activities. Table 4.2 below contains the potential impacts to be

generated by the NWDP II, as perceived by the key stakeholders. These perceived impacts, together with

the consultant's professional experience and judgment, have been used to develop the generic

environmental management plan given in Table 6.1

In addition to identifying the environmental and social impacts, the stakeholders expressed their views in

general, about the project as indicated below:

* The NWDP II will play a very important role in improving the people's livelihoods. Therefore the

project is very welcome and it is well overdue;

* In general, those consulted were of the view that positive social and environmental impacts of the

NWDP II will be many and that these will greatly outweigh the negative social and environmental

impacts;

* Some of the institutions consulted indicated the need to incorporate full cost recovery mechanisms

into the programme operation stage and to fully involve the private sector in the water services

operation and management;

* Public awareness campaigns should be carried out for the beneficiary communities to sensitise

them on general environmental and social management practices;

. As much as possible the programme should encourage the use of environmentally friendly

technologies and the Government should provide incentive measures to promote the use of these

technologies;

* Effective monitoring of environmental and social management plans has to be put in place;

Water, waste & Environment Consultants 31 29/11/2007

* Deliberate efforts should be made to encourage maximum participation of women in all stages of

project planning and design, implementation and operation and;

. The project should strive to use existing local community structures in the management and

administration of the ESMF, in order to promote ownership and sustainability of the environmental

management plans,

Below is a summary of the positive and negative impacts as perceived by stakeholders in the project

impact areas.

Positive Impacts* increased and improved access to portable water* more people to benefit from improved water supply* Creation of employment opportunities* Increased development* Improved water quality due to water resources management* Improved tourism* Reduction in time spent fetching water* Promotion of fisheries* Improved water sanitation resulting in reduction of water related diseases

* Opening up of small businesses* Improved health status due to improved water supply

Negative Impacts* Increased deforestation during the construction stage* Increased generation of both liquid and solid waste

* Loss of farmland* Disturbance livelihoods* Soil erosion* Population influx leading to dilution of culture e.g. through intermarriages

* Disturbance of families due to displacement* Loss of biodiversity* Increased spread of sexually transmitted infections and HIV and AIDS

* Opening of borrow pits* Increased squatter / illegal settlements* Destruction / disturbance of existing infrastructure and services due to excavation


CHAPTER FIVE: THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES ANDACTIVITIES

5.1 Introduction to the Screening Process

The key to environmental management is the environmental and social screening process, which may or

may not result in the preparation of a full EIA report. The screening process presented here follows OP

4.01 of the World Bank because Malawi does not yet have such a screening process. The screening

process will be carried out at the specific project sites once identified for the NWDP II. The environmental

and social screening process is necessary for the review and approval of the engineering plans for the

development of new and rehabilitation of existing water supply facilities. The objectives of the screening

process are to:

a) determine which construction and rehabilitation activities are likely to have potential negative

environmental and social impacts;

b) determine the level of environmental work required, including whether an EIA is required or not;

c) determine appropriate mitigation measures for addressing adverse impacts;

d) incorporate mitigation measures into the development plans;

e) indicate the need for a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which would be prepared in line with the

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), prepared for the NWDP II

f) facilitate the review and approval of the construction and rehabilitation proposals and;

g) provide guidelines for monitoring environmental parameters during the construction, rehabilitation,

operation and maintenance of the infrastructure facilities and related project activities.

The extent of environmental work that might be required, prior to the commencement of construction and

rehabilitation of the NWDP II facilities will depend on the outcome of the screening process described in

sections 5.2 to 5.5 (steps 1-4).

5.2 Step 1: Screening of Project Activities and Sites

Malawi's Guidelines for EIA, 1997 provide for categorization of projects into either List A or List B

depending on the size, nature and perceived environmental consequences of a project. Where it is clear

that project activities fall under List A of the Guidelines, an EIA shall be carried out. The screening process

will be used to determine the size, nature and perceived environmental impacts of project activities of the

NWDP II.

The screening form (Annex 5.1) will be completed by personnel trained and qualified in the implementation

of the screening process. The screening form, when correctly completed, will facilitate the:

* identification of potential environmental and social impacts;* determination of their significance;* assignment of the appropriate environmental category;* determination of appropriate environmental mitigation measures and;

* need to conduct an EIA and or to prepare Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) where required.


Since the administrative structures for the City/Town and District Assemblies are different, two screeningflow charts are proposed as follows:

5.2.1 Screening of Project Activities and sites within the District AssembliesFor the District Administrative structure, the screening process will be conducted in the following manner(see Chart 5.1):

Preparation activities for the screening process will include a desk appraisal of the construction andrehabilitation plans for water supply and sanitation facilities and related infrastructure. This will becarried out by the District Environmental Sub-committee (DESC) and Area Executive Committee(AEC). The DESC is the environmental sub-committee of the District Executive Committee(DEC) and AEC is the local (village level) administrative sub-committee of DEC. The DEC reportsto the District Assembly.

Subsequent to the desk appraisal of the construction and rehabilitation plans, the initial screeningof the proposed project activities will be carried in the field, through the use of the Environmentaland Social Screening Form (Annex 5.1), by the AEC and DESC, which includes the DistrictEnvironmental Officer.

5.2.2 Screening of Project Activities and sites within City or Town AssembliesAt the City or Town Assembly, the process will be done in a similar manner to that of Section 5.2.1, exceptthat the Water Boards, with the assistance of the EDO will perform the roles of AEC and DESC; while theTown and Country Planning Committee (TCPC) will perform the roles of the DEC. Chart 5.2 outline thedetails of the screening process for the City and Town Assembly

5.3 Step 2: Assigning the Appropriate Environmental Categories

The environmental and social screening form, when completed, will provide information on the assignmentof the appropriate environmental category to a particular activity for construction of new facilities orrehabilitation of existing structures. The TCPC (for Town or City Assembly); or the DEC (for the DistrictAssembly) will be responsible for categorizing a construction or rehabilitation activity as either A, B or C.

Category A project activities would have comprehensive, broad and long term impacts and therefore wouldrequire an EIA. Category B projects are those where few of the impacts are irreversible and therefore mayneed some limited EIA study; and Category C usually have no significant negative impacts and thereforewould not require any additional environmental work..

The assignment of the appropriate environmental category will be based on the provisions of the WorldBank Operational Policy (OP 4.01), on Environmental Assessment. Consistent with this Operational Policy,most construction and rehabilitation activities under NWDP II are likely to be categorized as B. Somerehabilitation activities such as painting of water storage structures might be categorized as "C" if theenvironmental and social screening results indicate that such activities will have no significantenvironmental and social impacts. Thus, if the screening form has ONLY "No" entries, the proposedactivity will not require further environmental work, and the TCPC or DEC will recommend approval of thescreening results to the City/Town or District Assembly respectively, for implementation of the projectactivity to proceed immediately.


The environmental category "A" (significant, irreversible impacts) will not apply to the construction of new;

and rehabilitation of existing facilities to be funded for the NWDP II and no category "A" project activities will

be funded under NWDP II. However, TCPC or DEC will have to pay particular attention to proposals

involving the construction of new facilities such as new water intakes, water storage tanks, new pipelines

and related infrastructure, new sanitation facilities and new borrow pits as sources of construction

materials.

In the event that Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) will have to be prepared for NWDP II activities, these

would be reviewed and approved by the Commissioner for Lands, consistent with the Resettlement Policy

Framework; as well as the World Bank OP 4.12, prior to payment of compensation and commencement of

project activities. For other World Bank Operational Policies that are relevant to the preparation of this

ESMF refer to Annex 5.2

5.4 Step 3: Carrying out Environmental Work

After reviewing the information provided in the environmental and social screening form and having

determined the appropriate environmental category, the TCPC or DEC will determine whether (a) the

application of simple mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental and Social Checklist will suffice; or

whether (b) a comprehensive EIA will need to be carried out using the Malawi EIA guidelines whose

process is given in Annex 5.3.

5.4.1 Environmental and Social Checklist:

The Environmental and Social Checklist in Annex 5.1A will be completed by qualified members of the

TCPC or DEC. Some of the activities categorized as B (which may not require EIA) might benefit from the

application of mitigation measures outlined in the checklist. In situations where the screening process

identifies the need for land acquisition, a RAP shall be prepared consistent with OP 4.12.

If there are already existing standard designs, the TCPC or DEC will assess them for impacts on the

chosen site and the community; and recommend modification of the designs to include appropriate

mitigation measures. For example, if the environmental screening process identifies loss of fertile

agricultural fields as the main impact from the construction of a water storage reservoir, the mitigation

measure would be for the TCPC or DEC to choose a site further away from the fertile gardens so that the

livelihood systems are maintained.

5.4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

The EIA will identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction activities,

evaluate alternatives, as well as design and implement appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring

measures. These measures will be captured in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which will be

prepared as part of the EIA report for each sub-project. A typical Environmental Management Plan for the

NWDP II works is included in Table 6.1.

Where appropriate and where required, preparation of the EIA, the EMP and the RAP will be carried out in

consultation with the relevant stakeholders, including potentially affected persons. The TCPC or DEC, in

close consultation with the Environmental Affairs Department and on behalf of the City or District Assemblyrespectively, will arrange for the (i) preparation of EIA terms of reference, whose format is provided in


Annex 5.4; (ii) recruitment of a consultant to carry out the EIA; (iii) public consultations; and (iv) review andapproval of the EIA through the national EIA approval process. The general EIA process in Malawi asprovided for in the Malawi EIA guidelines is presented In Annex 5.3 and the procedures for EIA preparationare presented in Annex 5.5

5.5 Step 4: Review and Approval of the Screening Activities & ElAs

5.5.1 Review

The TCPC or DEC will review the results and recommendations presented in the environmental and socialscreening forms; and the proposed mitigation measures presented in the environmental and socialchecklists.

Where an EIA has been carried out for Category B projects, EAD will review the reports to ensure that allenvironmental and social impacts have been identified and that effective mitigation measures have beenproposed. It has to be understood that NWDP II cannot finance any sub-projects that have beencategorized as "A" because NWDP II has been categorized as "B". Thus projects that would be onMalawi's List "A" would not be funded under this project.

5.5.2 Recommendation for Approval/Disapproval

Based on the results of the above review process, and discussions with the relevant stakeholders andpotentially affected persons, the TCPC or DEC, in case of projects that don't require EIA will makerecommendations to the City/Town or District Assemblies to go ahead with the project implementation.Where an EIA is required the City/Town or District Assemblies will recommend to NWDP II and EAD for theEIA study. After preparation of the EIA report, EAD will recommend to the National Council onEnvironment (NCE) for its approval.

5.5.3 Endorsement

Subsequently, NCE will forward its recommendations to the Minister responsible for environmental affairsfor endorsement. The corresponding RAPs would be reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Lands,Housing, and Physical Planning.

5.5.4 Training for the Screening Process

To ensure that the screening form is completed correctly for the various project locations and activities,training will be provided to members of the TCPC, DEC including its DESC and Area Executive CommitteeAEC. The Environmental Officer who is responsible for environmental matters of the City Assemblies andthe Environmental District Office who is the secretariat to the DESC will have to take a leading role in thetraining issues.

5.6 Public Consultation and Disclosure

According to Malawi's Guidelines for EIA (1997), public consultations are an integral component of the EIArequirements, and the Guidelines identify the following principal elements:

a. developers are required to conduct public consultation during the preparation of Project Briefs andElAs;


b. the Director of Environmental Affairs may, on the advice of the Technical Committee on

Environment (TCE), conduct his or her own public consultation to verify the works of a developer;

c. formal EIA documents are made available for public review and comments. Documents to which

the public has access include Project Briefs, EIA terms of reference, draft and final EIA reports,and decisions of the Director of Environmental Affairs regarding project approval. The Director, on

the advice of the TCE, will develop practices and procedures for making these documentsavailable to the public. It is very unusual that an EIA will need to contain proprietary or market-

sensitive information (i.e. technological, financial) which a developer would prefer to remain

confidential. Unless public knowledge of such information is crucial to project review, and as

provided under Section 25(5) of the EMA, the Director will comply with requests that such

information does not appear in an EIA and;

d. certificates approving projects will be published by the developer and displayed for public

inspection.

Public consultations are critical in preparing an effective proposal for the construction and rehabilitation of

the project activities. These consultations should identify key issues and determine how the concerns of all

parties will be addressed in response to the terms of reference for the EIA, which might be carried out for

construction and rehabilitation proposals.

Annex G of the Guidelines for EIA (1997) provides details concerning the public consultation methods in

Malawi. Such methods include press conferences, information notices, brochures/fliers, interviews,

questionnaires and polls, open houses, community meetings, advisory committees, and public hearings.

The guidelines for public consultation include, among others, a requirement that major elements of the

consultation program should be timed to coincide with significant planning and decision-making activities in

the project cycle. In terms of the Malawi's EIA process, public consultation should be undertaken during (i)

the preparation of the EIA terms of reference; (ii) the carrying out of an EIA; (iii) Government review of an

EIA report; and (iv) the preparation of environmental terms and conditions of approval. Further details are

provided in Annex G of the Malawi's Guidelines for EIA.

For the NWDP II, the first step will be to hold public consultations with the local communities and all other

interested/affected parties during the screening process. These consultations will be aimed at briefing the

communities about the project activities, how the activities will be carried out and what sectors of the

environment are likely to be impacted. The Area AEC, with the assistance of the Local Leaders, will

conduct these public consultations in a participatory manner to encourage the communities to contribute to

the screening process.

During preparation of the Terms of Reference for an EIA, City/Town or District Assemblies (or a consultant)

will consult with the Environmental Affairs Department to ensure that the TORs are comprehensive enough

to cover all the sectors of the environment and that they conform to the EIA procedures as outlined in the

EIA Guidelines. The EAD will also ensure that the social and health impacts of the project activities will beadequately covered in the EIA report.

In the course of preparing the EIA the consultant will conduct extensive public consultations to attract and

capture comments from the stakeholders as well as the communities for incorporation in the EIA report.The stakeholders and communities, including institutions will be asked to contribute to the identification of

impacts and to proposed mitigation measures for the negative impacts. They will also be asked tocomment on how the positive impacts may be enhanced.


When reviewing the EIA report, the TCE will ensure that the relevant stakeholders, including potentiallyaffected persons, were adequately consulted with regard to the potential impacts of the proposedconstruction and rehabilitation of the water supply facilities and related project activities. Consultationmethods suitable in for the NWDP II would include workshops, community meetings, public hearings orinformation notices which would be organized through the Office of the Chief Executive in the case of a cityor District Commissioner for the District Assembly.

This ESMF has been prepared through public consultations involving the communities in the proposedproject areas, Local Leaders, City and District Assembly Officials, water consumers and key Governmentinstitutions. Copies of this ESMF will be made available to the public through the above channels ofcommunication and in the same manner, EIA results would be communicated to the various stakeholders.

To meet the consultation and disclosure requirements of the Bank, the Malawi Government will issue adisclosure letter to inform the World Bank of (i) the Govemment's approval of the ESMF and the RPF; (ii)the actual disclosure of these documents to all relevant stakeholders and potentially affected persons inMalawi, and (iii) the Government's authorization to the Bank to disclose these documents in its Info shopin Washington D.C. The steps towards disclosure of the safeguard documents have to be completed priorto appraisal of the NWDP II as required by the Bank's Disclosure Policy OP 17.50.

Water, waste & Environment Consultants 3 8 29/11/2007

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CHART 5.2: FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND APPROVAL PROCESS FOR TOWN AND CITY ASSEMBLY

STEP 1: WATERBOARDS

Screening of Project activitiesand sites(To be based on checklist andscaeenng form)* Desk appraisal of the l i.

oonstrction andrehabiritation plans- ~ EA~a!)C LANDS & Hqfal~

S IdenfificaTbon of a - 4! .E -

Environmental and sociali m pan ts . .I. \yle i :'.-?

\ * Determina bon of /terneed of EtA . Con- d>--iii

STEP I nconod.): WATER BOARRAS M ST jnd p Withb ... dAss:nmentofappmpblayeenvir menta*i;category, based an Environm ental a di.rs Departmentscreenirng lomrs ard World Bank OP~ 4.01 . P.Rei t Qm ,-V* PnSsC: ron &Socialof S a mitteos .- .- o repritiotr of E .

* Deerminaon of Etn e for EtA * oE Deter minatton-oltlneedforRAPs

LEGEND - @ - o -- .CA City Assembly

DESC: District Environmental Sub- CommitteeEIA: Environmental Impact Assessment -' - * •@ppr6V-M]'$ (L.Nj/s t - Seek Endorsement of the WB on RAPsRAP: Resettlement Action Plan (D;tA i G World approved s by LANDSRPF: Resettlement Policy Framework B OP.01)W B: W ater Board ____._-_______ __-_-_r_______ ___--_.


CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS

6.1 Environmental Management Plan

The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to ensure that the identified environmental

and social impacts are mitigated, controlled or eliminated through planned activities to be implementedthroughout the NWDP II life. The EMP also provides opportunities for the enhancement of positive impacts.

The EMP:a lists the potential environmental impacts;b provides the mitigation/enhancement measures against each impact;c assigns the responsible institutions to carry out the mitigation measures;d proposes dates by or during which the mitigation measures must be carried out and;e gives an estimate of the cost for implementing the mitigation measures

For this ESMF it is not possible to provide the cost of implementing mitigation measures because the project

activities and locations are not known. Therefore there are no estimated costs provided for the

implementation of proposed mitigation measures in Table 6.1

For the NWDP II, the EMP and its implementation will have to be designed to suit specific project activities

on the specific sites, once these details are available. In this regard, Table 6.1 should be considered as the

main frameto guide the prediction of specific potential impacts of the NWDP II activities. The generic or

typical environmental impacts in Table 6.1 were derived from the field investigations, public consultations and

professional judgment, with respect to the NWDP II activities. The list of impacts is by no means exhaustive.

Once the specific EMP has been designed for the NWDP II activities, a certain amount of flexibility should be

allowed to optimize its implementation and to take into account any future changes or modifications made on

the design and implementation of the project activities.


Table 6.1: Typical Environmental Management and Monitoring PlanNEGATIVE IMPACTS

1.0 IMPACTS DURING PLANNING-DESIGNING & CONSTRUCTIONENVORONMENTALMANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

ITEM POTENTIAL PROPOSED CONTROL I RESPONSIBLE FREQUENCYITIMENO. ENVIRONMENTAL/ MITIGATION MEASURES AND INSTITUTION INSTITUTION/INDICATORS AND COST

SOCIAL IMPACT TIMING .1.1 Disturbance of persons . Avoid displacement of people Consultant DEC, TCPC, Ministry of Before approval of

or families and affecting their livelihoods NWDP II Lands, Physical Planning designsDuring planning and design and Surveys, EAD

Approved plans

Resettle the PAPs (where NWDP II DEC, TCPC, Ministry of Monthly before civilunavoidable) in accordance Lands, Physical Planning works beginwith RFP and RAPs and Surveys, EAD

Before civil works begin Percentage of PAPsadequately resettled

Monthly before civill Compensate PAPs adequately NWDP II DEC, TCPC, Ministry of works beginBefore civil works begin Lands, Physical Planning

and Surveys, EAD,Percentage of PAPsadequately compensated andresettled K50,000/month


1.2 Disruption of . Avoid displacement of people Contractor Ministry of Lands, Physical Once every monthinfrastructure facilities and affecting their livelihoods Consultant Planning and Surveys, DEC during design &and services During planning and design AEC and EAD, TCPC construction

Number of complaints

. Avoid areas with existing Contractor Ministry of Lands, Physical Once every monthservices Consultant Planning and Surveys, EAD, during design &

During planning, design and AEC DEC,TCPC constructionconstruction Number of complaints on

services disruption

. Adequately compensate for NWDP 11 Ministry of Lands, Physical Once every monththe affected infrastructure AEC Planning and Surveys, EAD, during design &facilities and services DEC,TCPC construction

Before civil works begin Percentage of facilities andservices compensated for K40,0001month

1.3 Loss of farmland, other e Avoid cultivated areas and Contractor EAD, DEC, Ministry of Monthly duringassets or impact on fixed assets Consultant Lands, Physical Planning constructionlivelihood During planning and design AEC and Surveys, TCPC

. Compensate adequately in line NWDP 11 EAD, DEC, TCPC, Ministry Monthly beforewith RPF AEC of Lands, Physical Planning commencement of

Before resefflement and Surveys civil works. Number of complaints. Percentage of affected

farmland compensatedfor K30,0001month

1.4 Population influx . Recruit locals as much as Contractor NWDP II, DEC, TCPC Every month during(which may lead to possible Consultant Percentage of locals constructiondilution of culture, Throughout project life employedincrease in theft and


reduction of farm land . Sensitize communities on Contractor NWDP II, DEC, TCPC Twice during planningetc.) impacts of population influx Consultant Number of sensitization and design

Before and during construction AEC meetings held Once annually duringproject lifeK30,000/month

1.5 Increased solid waste . Provide appropriate solid Contractor EAD, City/Town/District Monthly duringgeneration waste disposal facilities Assembly construction

1.6 Increased . Avoid removal of trees Contractor EAD, DEC, TCPC, Monthly duringdeforestation During planning, design and Consultant Department of Forestry construction

construction AEC Percentage of trees notremoved

. Afforestate with appropriate Contractor EAD, DEC, TCPC Annuallytree species Consultant Department of Forestry

During construction AEC Number of trees planted

. Provide alternative fuel NWDP II Department of Energy, DEC, Quarterly throughoutsources AEC TCPC the project period

During planning, design and Number of people usingconstruction alternative sources of energy

. Sensitise communities and Consultant Twice during planningworkers against deforestation Contractor EAD, DEC, TCPC, and design

During planning, design and AEC Department of Forestry Once annually duringconstruction Number of sensitisation project life

meetings held K50,000/year1.7 Water pollution from . Proper and regular Contractor NWDP II, DEC, TCPC Once every month

oils maintenance of vehicles Consultant Vehicle maintenance during constructionDuring construction and frequencyoperation


. Construction and operation of Contractor EAD, MoIWD, DEC, TCPC * Once duringoil interceptor for workshop Consultant Oil interceptor constructed designwastewater Water Boards . Once during

During design and during constructionconstruction .MQuarterly during

operation

. Design and construction of Contractor EAD, MoIWD, DEC, TCPC * Once duringbund walls around fuel/oil Consultant Bund walls constructed designstorage tanks * Once during

During design and during constructionconstruction

K40,0001year

1.8 Soil Erosion . Limit movement of vehicles Contractor NWDP II, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringand construction area. Consultant * Proper site and construction

During construction construction management* Adherence to Approved

design plans

* Compact loose material Contractor NWDP II, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringDuring construction Consultant rroper site and construction construction

management

. Provide and use approved Contractor NWDP II, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringstorm water drainage Consultant Drainage systems construction

During design and construction constructed and operatingI according to design K40,0001month


1.9 Water Siltation * Limit movement of vehicles Contractor NWDP 11, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringand area of construction. Consultant . Proper site and construction

During construction construction management. Adherence to Approved

design plans* Planning for construction

vehicle movement

. Compact loose material Contractor NWDP 11, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringDuring construction Consultant construction

* Approved site andconstruction management

* Provide and maintain storm Contractor NWDP 11, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringwater drainage Consultant Drainage systems constructionDuring construction ronstructed according to

design K30,0001month

1.10 Poisoning from * Count and record cases of Contractor EAD, DEC, Poisons Board, Monthly duringasbestos waste (pipes) asbestos disposal Consultant TCPC construction and

Water Boards rehabilitation

* Follow appropriate health and Contractor EAD, Ministry of Labour Monthly duringsafety precautions Consultant and Vocational Training, constructionDuring construction and Water Boards DEC,TCPCmaintenance Presence of and adherence

to safety regulations

Contractor NWDP 11, EAD, DEC, TCPC 1 Monthly during


. Disposal of old asbestos pipes Consultant Number of incidences of constructionas recommended by experts careless use and disposal of

-During rehabilitation old asbestos pipes K20,0001month

1.11 Loss of biodiversity * Avoid removal of trees and Contractor National Herbarium & Monthly duringand greenery beauty. replace where removed Consultant Botanic Gardens of Malawi, construction

During construction AEC Dept. of Parks & Wildlife,DEC,TCPCNumber of trees cut

* Limit construction area Contractor NWDP II, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringDuring construction Consultant Area of land cleared construction

. Re-vegetation with indigenous Contractor NWDP II, EAD, DEC, TCPC Monthly duringspecies AEC Number of species planted construction

K40,0001month

1.12 Increased water * Install aprons, drains and Contractor NWDP II EAD, DEC, TCPC Quarterly durngrelated disease- soak ways Consultant Number of drains installed constructioncausing vector During construction AEC against designed

I__$2500/quarter1.13 Work related accidents * Restrict pedestal movement Contractor Ministry of Labour and Quarterly during

on sites Consultant Vocational Training, EAD, constructionDuring construction AEC DEC, TCPC, Local Leaders

Number of trespasserscaught

* Install and maintain road Contractor NWDP, DEC, EAD, TCPC Quarterly duringsigns Consultant Number of road signs erected construction

During construction in appropriate places


Quarterly during. Create prior awareness of Contractor TCPC, DEC, EAD, TCPC construction

causes of accidents caused by DEC AEC, Local Number of awarenessconstruction activities Leaders campaigns

During planning, design andconstruction

. Provide appropriate protective Contractor NWDP, DEC, EAD, TCPC, Quarterly duringclothing Water Boards Ministry of Labour & construction

During construction and Vocational Training,operation Number of people wearing

protective clothing K20,000/quarter-2.0 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION

2.1 Increased generation . Sensitise communities on Consultant MoIWD, DEC, TCPC Quarterly throughoutof wastewater water conservation measures Contractor Amount of water consumed operation period

NWDP ae against expected levelsWater BoardsAEC

. Maintain efficient operation Water Boards MoIWD, DEC, TCPC, NWDP Quarterly throughoutto avoid water wastage 11 operation period

Amount of water consumedagainst production K40,000/quarter

2.2 Increased solid waste . Provide appropriate solid Contractor EAD, City/Town/District Monthly duringgeneration waste disposal facilities Assembly construction


2.3 Disruption of water * Maintain environmental flow Water Boards MoIWD, DEC, TCPC Quarterly throughoutflow to downstream AEC Complaints against water operation periodusers availability to other users

* Control water abstraction Water Boards MoIWD, NWDP 11, DEC, Quarterly throughoutlevels AEC TCPC operation period

Amount of water abstractedagainst water consumed

* Promote water conservation Water Boards Quarterly throughoutmeasures NWDP 11 MoIWD, DEC, TCPC operation period

EAC Amount of water consumed K40,000/quarteragainst production l

2.4 Depletion of water * Control water abstraction Water Boards MoIWD, DEC, TCPC Quarterly throughoutresources levels NWDP II Amount of water consumed operation period

against production

. Promote water conservation Water Boards MoIWD, DEC, TCPC Quarterly throughoutNWDP 11 Amount of water consumed operation period

against productionK30,0001quarter

2.5 Work related accidents . Prohibit unauthorised Water Boards NWDP 11, DEC, TCPC Quarterly duringmovement on sites AEC Number of trespassers construction

caught

* Install and maintain road signs Water Boards NWDP II, Ministry of Labour Quartery duringand Vocational Training, constructionEAD, TCPC


Number of road signs erectedin appropriate places

* Provide protective clothing Water Boards EAD, Ministry of Labour & Quarterly duringVocational Training, constructionNWDP 11Number of people wearingprotective clothing

K30,000/quarter2.6 Increased water * Conduct health and hygiene Water Boards NWDP 11, Ministry of Health Quarterly during

related disease- education AEC & Population, DEC, TCPC operationvectors Number of hygiene education

sessions conductedK20,000/quarter

2.7 Occupational diseases * Sensitize workers on Water Boards EAD, Ministry of Labour & Every six monthssafety and health AEC Vocational Training, during operationmeasures Number of sensitization

meetings conducted

. Provide protective clothing Water Boards EAD, Ministry of Labour & Every six monthsand equipment Vocational Training, during operation

NWDP 11Number of people wearingprotective clothing

. Provide regular medicalcheck up Water Boards EAD, Ministry of Labour & Every six months

Ministry of Health & Vocational Training, during operationPop. Services Number of people with health


certification

Develop and implement anappropriate OH&S policy

Ministry of Labour & Every six monthsWater Boards Vocational Training, EAD during operation

OH&S policy in place andused

K30,0001every sixl _ months

2.8 Increased incidences . Conduct hygiene education Water Boards Ministry of health & Pop. Every year duringof malaria and other AEC Services, NWDP 11, DEC, operationwater-related diseases TCPC

K50,0001yearNumber of sensitisation

l_ meetings2.9 Increase in spread of * Provide HIV/AIDS and health Water Boards National AIDS Commission Every six months

STI's and HIV and awareness education AEC EAD, NWDP 11, DEC, TCPC during operationAIDS Ministry of Health & Pop.

ServicesNumber of cases of infected

I . persons K30,0001six months3.0 IMPACTS FROM DECOMMISSIONING ATIVITIES

3.1 Nuisance -Regulate traffic speed and Contractor ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT Monthly during themovement. Apply daily water /Consultant EAD entire period ofsprays to suppress dust. Number of complaints on dust construction

3.2 Disruption of surface -Maintain clean storm water Contractor Consultant, EAD Monthly during thewater flow diversions around large pits and Number of complaints against first rainy season

excavations water intrusion afteri = -Backfill all voids where possible decommissioning


and reinstate water coursesaround the sites

3.3 Decreased -Pay terminal benefits where Cont,ractor / ISP/Local NWDP 11 Ongoingemployment levels appropriate Leadersleading to vandalism of -Provide awareness and Number unemployedproject facilities counselling for retrenchment Number of complaints on

consequences vandalism-Hold meetings with localcommunities to discussdecommissioning and closureissues 1(K40,000/mth


6.2 Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring needs to be carried out during the construction and rehabilitation of the water

supply and sanitation facilities, as well as during their operation and maintenance. Table 6.1 gives the

proposed monitoring institutions, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the estimated costs for

implementing the environmental monitoring plan for the NWDP II.

In some cases, it may be appropriate to draw up an environmental monitoring plan separately from the

environmental management plan. Where this arrangement is more convenient than the combined

management and monitoring plan, the key elements of the monitoring table will be the same as those

proposed in Table 6.1.

The following monitoring arrangements for the NWDP II are proposed.

6.2.1 Rehabilitation of Existing and Construction of New Structures and other Project

Activities

It is envisaged that the proposed NWDP II will construct and rehabilitate several water facilities in the

proposed project sites. Therefore, environmental monitoring will take place at the community level in the

respective areas.

During the rehabilitation of the existing water supply structures, members of the Village Development

Committees and District Executive Committees will be responsible for the monitoring of:

a) Construction techniques and inclusion of environmental design features as required in the

architectural plans;

b) Provisions for traffic safety, reduction of noise and dust levels;

c) Construction of on-site waste management, proper storage of construction materials, sanitation,

solid waste disposal, waste water disposal and;

d) Implementation of plans for the restoration of the construction sites, once the

construction/rehabilitation works have been completed. Area Executive Committees shall support

the village level committees at all stages of the work including monitoring.

To ensure proper operation and maintenance of the water supply and sanitation facilities in an

environmentally friendly manner, the Area Executive Committee within the proposed sites will appoint a

monitoring committee.

The Office of the Controller of Lands, in the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys will be

responsible for monitoring implementation of the RAPs and ARAPs.

6.3 Monitoring Indicators

In order to be able to assess the environmental and social effectiveness of the proposed construction and

rehabilitation of the water and sanitation facilities and their subsequent operation and maintenance, the

following monitoring indicators are proposed:


Table 6.2: Some of the key monitoring indicatorsC j ponfer t P j; < ~-' '' i t6icft t tote vitiesLand acquisition and Resettlement * Hectarage of land acquiredof people from the project site * Type and amount of assets lost

* Number of persons expressing willingness to relocate* Number of persons compensated and relocated.* Number of land use conflicts in course of projects* Number of cultural heritage and sites affected

Construction works/Rehabilitation . Hectarage of land/forest clearanceworks * Area of infrastructure constructed/rehabilitated.

. Number of borrow pits created* Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers. Number of complaints against character and behaviour of

construction workers* Number of complaints against quality of construction materials* Number of road by-passes provided. Number of complaints on inconveniences caused by the

construction works (complaints against dust, access, noise, watercontamination etc)

a Number of complaints against drainage works* Number of complaints against power supply disruptions* Number of complaints against water supply disruptions* Number of complaints against telecommunication disruptions* Number of cultural heritage and sites affected* Number of people infected with STIs* Number of accidents* Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures. Number of people employed from surrounding community* Number of disposal sites

Operational and maintenance of . Number of complaints against poor workmanship and quality ofprojects construction materials for roads,

* Number of conflicts of rights to land and water* Water abstraction permits. Quality of water discharged from the schemes and dams.* Sanitation around water points* Number employment opportunities for locals. Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers* Number people/committees who/which attended HIV/AIDS

awareness, environmental management training. Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures

Decommissioning . Number of sites that are restored to original or better state interms of environmental degradation.

. Value of land after decommissioning of project activities


6.2 Environmental Guidelines for the Contractor

The NWDP II will have significant construction activities for its various project components. The contractor

therefore, should make every effort to ensure that the mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental

Management Plans, the Resettlement Action Plans and the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans are

fully implemented as appropriate.

The contractor shall ensure that the acquisition, transportation and storage of construction materials; and

the disposal of construction wastes are done in an environmentally friendly manner. Where necessary, the

contractor shall seek the advice and assistance of the relevant authority and specialists for handling and

disposal of hazardous wastes including asbestos pipes. Annex 6.1 provides environmental guidelines for

the contractors to be engaged for the NWDP II activities.

Water, Waste & Environment Consultants 55 29/11/2007

CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF

7.1 Definition of Roles and Responsibilities

The successful implementation of the ESMF, the EMP and the monitoring plans will require input,expertise and resources from all the key stakeholders including the NWDP II participatinginstitutions. It will also require the participation and involvement of the local communities and theLocal Leaders. Therefore these key stakeholders would need to collaborate at all levels, startingfrom the area, district, town, city and national levels.

Some of the stakeholders will require basic training in environmental and social screening. Thetype of training has been given in Chapter 8. The present Chapter outlines some of the selectedand recommended activities to be performed by each of the key stakeholders, in order tosuccessfully implement the environmental management plan activities and the screening process.

7.1.1 National level:

The Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development (MoIWD) through the NWDP II will have theoverall responsibility for coordinating and monitoring implementation of the ESMF. The NWDP IIwill work through the National Steering Board (NSB), which is composed of representatives fromkey Government Ministries and the General Managers of the respective Water Boards.

For limited cases where an EAI may be required under the NWDP II, the TCPC ( where City orTown Assemblies are involved) or the DEC ( for the case of District Assemblies), will inform NWDP11 to initiate the preparation of a Project Brief and the Terms of Reference. The NWDP II will thenrecruit an appropriate consultant to conduct the EIA study. Once the study is completed, theNWDP II will consult the Director of Environmental Affairs who will be responsible for reviewing theEIA through the Technical Committee on the Environment (TCE).

The Director of Environmental Affairs may arrange for public consultations as part of the EIAprocess, in order to sensitise the communities and to create awareness., The Technical Committeeon the Environment may require to carry out their own site and works assessment before makingthe appropriate recommendations to the National Council for Environment (NCE).

The NCE will evaluate the recommendations of the TCE and make appropriate recommendationsto the Minister for approval and issuance of the certificate.

7.1.2 Area level

The TCPC and the DEC will be responsible for the technical work at the local level (City/Town andDistrict Assembly respectively). They will provide the assistance to AEC and DESC in carrying outthe screening process and determining whether or not an EIA is required.

The AEC and DESC will be responsible for completing the environmental and social screeningform (Annex 5.1) to identify the potential environmental and social impacts of the construction andrehabilitation activities; and to propose their mitigation measures. The screening process will beunder the supervision of the TCPC and DEC as appropriate.Water, Waste & Environment Consultants 56

29/11/2007

The TCPC or DEC will be responsible for (i) determining the environmental category and the extent

of the required environmental work, based on the screening results; (ii) determining the need for

EIA and for RAP and (iii) proposing mitigation measures for identified impacts. The TCPC or DEC

will also assist NWDP II in drafting the terms of reference for the ElAs and for the identification of

an appropriate consultant to conduct the EIA study. Monitoring of the construction to ensure that

environmental designs are taken into consideration will be done by the EAD, DEC, TCPC, Ministry

of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys and other sectoral stakeholders as shown in Table 6.1.

Water, Waste & Environment Consultants 57

29/11/2007

CHAPTER EIGHT; CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING

8.1 Participants for Capacity Building and Training

Capacity building and training will be required for the proper and successful implementation of thisESMF. The training sessions are aimed at enhancing the knowledge and understanding of the keystakeholders to better implement the ESMF for the NWDP II. Representatives from the DistrictAssemblies/Town Assemblies, City Assemblies, Regional Water Boards, Urban Water Boards andNWDP II will be trained to train their respective committees and staff in the project impact areas. Atotal of 30 participants will be trained as follows:

a. Two people will participate from the DECs of each of (Blantyre, Zomba, Liwonde,Mangochi, Lilongwe, Kasungu, Mzimba and Mzuzu) districts, making a total of 16people. One of the two persons will have to be the Environmental Officer (for theCity/Town) or the Environmental District Officer (for the District)

b. Two people will participate from each of the Water Boards, making a total of 10people. The Water Board will have to select the two persons that are directlyinvolved in the project activities and;

c. Four participants will be drawn from: MoIWD (2 persons) and NWDP 11 (2 persons)

Once the representatives are trained, it is recommended that they train (under the supervision of aqualified facilitator) the other groups that will be directly involved in the project implementation.The people to be trained by the trainers will be drawn from the various district committees such asthe District Development Committee (DDC), the Area Executive Committees (AEC) and the VillageDevelopment Committees (VDC) including the Local Leaders or their representatives.

For the purposes of the training the project impact areas will be grouped into four units. The firstunit will be for Blantyre (Blantyre Water Board and Blantyre City Assembly); the second unit(Southern Region Water Board) will include Zomba, Liwonde and Mangochi districts; the third unit(Lilongwe Water Board and Central Region Water Board) will include Kasungu and; the fourth unit(Northern region water Board) will include Mzuzu and Mzimba.

It is proposed that 10 participants per unit, from the following committees be trained:

i. Three people from the DDCsii. Three people from the AECs and;iii. Four people (including the Local Leader or his representative) from the VDCs

Hence a total number of 40 local and area level participants from the four groups described abovewill be trained. The DECs with assistance from the Water Boards will be responsible for selectingthe participants from the appropriate project impact DDCs, AECs and VDCs.


29/11/2007

8.2 Proposed Areas of Training

The training activities presented in Table 8.1 are designed to suit the needs for implementing both

the ESMF and the RPF and will be for the trainers. At the local level, the participants drawn from

the DDCs, AECs and VDCs will be trained in the areas outlined in Table 8.2.

The training sessions, which should include practical sessions for the use of the environmental and

social screening form as well as the check list, are designed to cover aspects of both the ESMF

and the RPF. The assumption is that the project implementers and key stakeholders will have to

understand both the ESMF and the RPF for efficient management of the environmental and social

impacts of the NWDP II. The combined training programme is also designed to reduce training

time and expenses.


29/11/2007

Table 8.1: Training Programme for Training of Trainers

Days of Training Recommended Type of Training Target Group I Trainer Means of Verification(Training Activity)

DAY 1 * Environmental and Social Impact - MNWDP II Management Unit - 16 members of DEC andAssessment staff TCPC trained.

- Relevant Environmental Policies and laws - MoIWD staff - 4 members from the Ministry/in Malawi - Regional Water Board staff NWDP II trained

- Wodd Bank safeguard policies Urban Water Board staff - 10 members from the- The Screening Process. - District Assembly staff Regional and Urban Water- Strategic action planning for Boards Trained

Environmental Management Trainer: EAD or Private- Use of checklists Consultant- Preparation of terms of reference.- Identification of Impacts and mitigation

measures- EIA report preparation and processing

DAY 2 * Hygiene and sanitation - MNWDP II Management Unit - 16 members of DEC and- Water supply staff TCPC trained.- Sanitation - MoIWD staff - 4 members from the Ministry/- Water and sanitation related diseases - Regional Water Board staff NWDP II trained- Infrastructure needed on the - Urban Water Board staff - 10 members from the

scheme for sanitation enhancement - District Assembly staff Regional and Urban Water- Operation and maintenance of Boards Trained

water point structures for good Trainer: EAD or Privatesanitation Consultant



DAY 3 * Resettlement and Compensation - MNWDP II Management Unit - 16 members of DEC and- Categories of Land in Malawi and staff TCPC trained.- Current valuation of Land and - MoIWD staff - 4 members from the Ministry/

other Physical Assets - Regional Water Board staff NWDP II trained- Rights to land - Urban Water Board staff - 10 members from the- Asset valuation - District Assembly staff Regional and Urban Water- Methods of land acquisition Boards Trained- Compensation Agreements Trainer: Lands Department or

Private ConsultantDAY 4 * Public Consultation - MNWDP II Management Unit - 16 members of DEC and

- Flow of communication on land related staff TCPC trained.issues - MoIWD staff - 4 members from the Ministry/

- Awareness campaign programme - Regional Water Board staff NWDP II trained

* Record Keeping - Urban Water Board staff - 10 members from the- District Assembly staff Regional and Urban WaterTrainer: Private Consultant Boards Trained

DAY 5 * HIV/AIDS and Project Implementation. - MNWDP II Management Unit - 16 members of DEC and- Impacts of HIV/AIDS on social wellbeing, staff TCPC trained.

livelihood and projects - MoIWD staff - 4 members from the Ministry/- Mitigation measures - Regional Water Board staff NWDP II trained

- Urban Water Board staff - 10 members from the- District Assembly staff Regional and Urban Water

* Training Evaluation And Rap Up Boards TrainedTrainer: NAC or PrivateConsultant


Table 8.2: Training Programme for members of DDC, AEC and VDC


DAY 1 * Environmental and Social Impact - Members of DDC, AEC, VDC - 12 members of DDC trained.Assessment and Local Leaders or their - 12 members of AEC trained

- Relevant Environmental Policies and representatives - 16 of VDC TrainedLaws in Malawi

- World Bank safeguard policies- The Screening Process. Trainer: EAD or Private- Planning for Environmental Management Consultant- Use of checklists-- Identification of Impacts and mitigation

measures

DAY 2 * Hygiene and sanitation - Members of DDC, AEC, VDC - 12 members of DDC trained.- Water supply and Local Leaders or their - 12 members of AEC trained- Sanitation representatives - 16 of VDC Trained- Water and sanitation related diseases- Structures and processes needed on

water outlets for sanitation enhancement Trainer: EAD or Private- Operation and maintenance of Consultant

water point structures for goodsanitation

DAY 3 * Resettlement and Compensation - Members of DDC, AEC, VDC - 12 members of DDC trained.- Categories of Land in Malawi and and Local Leaders or their - 12 members of AEC trained- Current valuation of Land and representatives - 16 of VDC Trained

other Physical Assets- Rights to land Trainer: Lands Department or- Asset valuation Private Consultant- Methods of land acquisition- Compensation Agreements



DAY 4 * Public Consultation - Members of DDC, AEC, VDC - 12 members of DDC trained.- Flow of communication on land related , and Local Leaders or their - 12 members of AEC trained

issues representatives - 16 of VDC Trained- Awareness campaign programmes- Record Keeping

Trainer: Private Consultant

* HIV/AIDS and Project Implementation. - Members of DDC, AEC, VDC - 12 members of DDC trained.- Impacts of HIV/AIDS on social wellbeing, and Local Leaders or their - 12 members of AEC trained

livelihood and projects representatives - 16 of VDC Trained- Mitigation measures

Trainer: NAC or PrivateConsultant

* Training Evaluation And Rap Up


8.3 Training Budget

30 participants will be trained as trainers in both ESMF and RPF implementation, in the areaspresented in Table 8.1. The cost of this training, which is proposed to take place at the central point(Lilongwe), will be $37,006. The estimated costs cover travel expenses from the different projectimpact districts to Lilongwe and back. Other expenses are for accommodation, hire of training roomand facilities, meals and per diems for the participants. The budget is also based on the following:

* Prevailing costs of goods and services offered in a typical urban area such as Lilongwe;* Training period of 5 days;* Hiring of 5 trainers, each handling one area of training as proposed in Table 8.1;* Subsistence allowances estimated at US$15.00 per participant per day and;* A lump sum of US$10, 000.00 included to cover the costs of the trainers and training materals.

Table 8.3 below provides details of the budgetary requirements for the training. The same trainingprogramme has been provided in the RPF for clarity of presentation. It is to be understood as acombined training programme to cater for the needs of both the ESMF and the RPF.

At the local level, the 40 participants will be trained at an estimated cost of $29,860.00. This trainingprogramme will also combine ESM and RPF training needs and should include practical sessions in thecompletion of the screening for and the check list. Table 8.4 has the breakdown of the training budget.


29/11/2007

Table 8.3: Summary of Costs for Training of Trainers in Lilongwe

ItemNo Description Unit No. of Rate Cost for TOTAL

Persons 5 days

SUBSISTENCE1.0 ALLOWANCES

1.1 30 Participants for 5 days 30 15.00 2,250.00

1.2 Support Staff 3 15.00 225.00

1.3 Drivers 17 15.00 1,275.00 3,750.0050

MEALS AND2.0 REFRESHMENTS

2.1 Lunches No 50 6.00 1,500.00

2.2 Teas (10 tea breaks) No 50 4.00 2,000.00 3,500.00

3.0 ACCOMMODATION Nights 33 100.00 16,500.00 16,500.00

Facilitator (consultant) 1 120.00 600.00 600.00

4.0 TRANSPORT COSTS1 1,101.70

5.0 WORKSHOP STATIONERY 604.50

4.0 PA SYSTEM Sum 90.00 450.00 450.00

CONFERENCE HALL Sum 100.00 500.00 500.00

TRAINERS 10,000.00

GRAND TOTAL 37,006.20

See Annex 8.1


Table 8.4 Costs for Four Days Training of Members of the DDC, AEC and VDC

Description Unit No. of Rate Cost for TOTALPersons 4 days

SUBSISTENCE ALLOWANCES l -

10 Participants for 4 days 10 15 600

Support Staff 2 15 120

Drivers 3 15 180 900

MEALS AND REFRESHMENTS

Lunches No 6 360

Teas No 4 480 840

ACCOMMODATION (participants) 12 50 2,400.00 2,400.00

Facilitator (consultant) 1 100 400 400

TRANSPORT COSTS (fuel) Cars 4 200 800

WORKSHOP STATIONERY Sum 25 25

CONFERENCE HALL 50 200 200

TRAINERS FEES 6 50 300

FACILITATOR (consultant fees) 1 400 1,600.00 1,600.00

TOTAL TRAINING ONE GROUP 7,465.00

TOTAL FOR TRAINING FOUR GROUPS . 29,860.00


CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared to guide project

implementers and other stakeholders to identify and mitigate environmental and social impacts of the

NWDP 11.

In implementing this ESMF it should be noted that there will be different sources of social andenvironmental impacts arising from existing and new project activities, apart from NWDP 11 project

activities. Some of these project activities may be implemented outside the area of influence for theNWDP 11. It is also to be appreciated that the project sites are dynamic and, therefore, prone to

environmental and social impacts that may be generated from activities of other future developmentprojects. These activities may impact on the project locations for the NWDP 11. It is expected therefore

that the other existing and new project activities will have their own environmental and social

management plans. In the same way it is hoped that the Environmental Affairs Department and otherrelevant line ministries will ensure that human activities that lead to deforestation and otherenvironmental problems are properly managed and monitored.

Successful implementation of this ESMF will depend to a large extent on the involvement andparticipation of local communities and the local institutions. It is therefore recommended that experts to

be involved in the implementation of the project and the ESMF will, in consultation with localcommunities, adopt and adapt the screening process, checklists and the EMP to suit local conditions. It

is further recommended that this framework should be used prior to any project activity of the NWDP 11

Specifically it is recommended that:

* Environmental awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affected communitiesmust be an integral part of the ESMF;

* City/TownlDistrict and local community structures should be adequately trained to implementthe screening process, to develop and to implement appropriate Environmental and SocialManagement and Monitoring Plans;

* This EMPs and environmental monitoring plans prepared on the basis of this ESMF should beregularly updated to respond to changing local conditions and should incorporate lessons learntfrom implementing various components of the project activities;

* The City/Town/District Assemblies should be assisted to develop appropriate informationmanagement systems to support the environmental management process;

* The Assemblies should be assisted with the necessary resources and equipment to be able toproduce the screening documentation such as checklists and environmental management andmonitoring forms;

* The Environmental District Officer should be empowered to adequately administer the ESMFand should be given the necessary support and resources to ensure effective implementation.


REFERENCES

* Government of Malawi (1997), Fisheries Conservation and Management Act, Fisheres

Department

* Govemment of Malawi (1997), Forestry Act, Forestry Department

* Government of Malawi (1996), Forestry Policy, Forestry Department

* Govemment of Malawi (2002), National Land Policy, Ministry Of Lands, Physical Planning and

Surveys

* Government of Malawi (1999), National Water Policy, Ministry of Water Development

* Government of Malawi (1998), Decentralization Policy, Decentralization Secretarat

* Govemment of Malawi (1998), Local Government Act Ministry of Local Government

* Government of Malawi (1997), Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In Malawi

Department for Environmental Affairs.

* Govemment of Malawi (1996), Environmental Management Act, Number 23 Department of

Environmental Affairs.

* Government of Malawi (1996) Ministry of Research and Environmental Affairs, National

Environmental Policy.

* Government of Malawi (1995), Constitution of the Republic Of Malawi.

* Government of Malawi (1994), National Environmental Action Plan. Volume 1, Department of

Research and Environment Affairs,

* Government of Malawi (2000), National Parks and Wildlife Act Department of Parks and Wild Life

* Government of Malawi (2000), National Parks and Wildlife Policy Department of Parks and Wild

Life

* Government of Malawi (1988), Town and Country Planning Act Number 26. Ministry of Local

Govemment

* Government of Malawi (1995), Water Works Act, Number 17.Ministry of Water Development

* Government of Malawi (1969), Water Resources Act Ministry of Water Development.

* Government of Malawi (1965), Land Act Ministry of Land.


ANNEX 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM

Social Screening Form (ESSF1)

Government of the Republic Of MalawiMinistry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM

FOR

SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OFTHE NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 11

INTRODUCTION

This Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF1) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of plannedconstruction and rehabilitation activities under the National Water Development Project II (NWDP II). The form willassist the project implementers and reviewers to identify environmental and social impacts and their mitigationmeasures, if any. It will also assist in the determination of requirements for further environmental work (such asEIA), and social work (such as RAP) if necessary.

The form helps to determine the characteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment withthe aim of assessing the potential impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities on the environment bythe NWDP II. The ESSF1 will also assist in identifying potential socio-economic impacts that will require mitigationmeasures and/or resettlement and compensation.

Before using the Screening form, the evaluator should check whether the project falls under List A of Malawi'sGuidelines for EIA; or whether it falls under Category B of the World Bank Operating Procedures, OP 4.01(Environmental Assessment) and OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). If the project falls under List Category B,then an EIA or further environmental work e.g. Environmental Management Plan will have to be prepared and thisscreening form will not apply. All sub-projects are to be screened, and subsequently classified as either A, B, orC. Category A projects will not be funded because the NWPII is a category B project.

GUIDELINES FOR SCREENING

The evaluator should undertake the assignment after:1. gaining adequate knowledge of baseline information of the area.2. gaining knowledge of proposed project activities for the area.3. having been briefed/trained in environmental and social screening.

The form is to be completed by consensus of at least three people, knowledgeable of the screening process.


PART A: GENERAL INFORMATIONProject Name

Estimated Cost (MK)

Project SiteFunding Agency

Project ObjectivesProposed Main Project Activities:

Name of EvaluatorDate of Field Appraisal

PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

Provide information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activity (e.g. area, land required andapproximate size of structures).

Provide information on the construction activities including support/ancillary structures and activities required tobuild them, e.g. need to quarry or excavate borrow materals, water source, access roads etc.

Descrbe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carded out. Include descrption of supportactivitiesand resources required for the construction/rehabilitation.

PART C: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT SITEdATE4d RY pwFM IRE-TEO)pAtrk -> ttS IP1TIO -

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION* Name of the Area (Distrct, T/A, Village)

* Proposed location of the project (Include a site map of

at least 1:10,000 scale)

LAND RESOURCES* Topography and Geology of the area

* Soils of the area

* Main land uses and economic activities

WATER RESOURCES* Surface water resources (e.g. rvers, lakes, etc) quantity

and quality

* Ground water resources quantity and quality

Water, Waste & Environment Consuttants 70 29/11/2007

CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION BRIEF DESCRIPTION

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES* Flora (include threatened/endangered/endemic species)

* Fauna (include threatened/endangered/endemic

species)

* Sensitive habitats including protected areas e.g.

national parks and forest reserves

CLIMATE* Temperature

* Rainfall

PART D: SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTIONAREAS OF IMPACT IMPACT EVALUATION POTENTIAL

MITIGATIONMEASURES

is the project site/activily wilhin and/ Extent or coverage Significanceor will it affect Ihe following (on site, within 3km -5km (Low, Medium, High)

environmentally sensitive areas? or beyond 5km)1. No Yes On Within Beyond Low Mediu High

Site 3-5 km 5km m

1.1 National parks andgame reserve

1.2 Wet-lands1.3 Productive traditional

agrcultural /grazinglands - -

1.5 Areas with rare orendangered flora orfauna

1.6 Areas with outstandingscenery/tourist site ._.

1.7 Within steep_ _ slopes/mountains

1.8 Dry tropical forest ssuch as Brachsystegiaspecies .

1.9 Along lakes, alongbeaches, riverine

1.10 Near industrial activities1.11 Near human

settlements .. _-_ .

1.12 Near cultural hertagesites -_-

1.13 Within prime groundwater recharge area

1.14 Within prime surface runoff


2i . -i-_NW PLEMI J X A.OPr rTtON-Will the implementation andoperations of the project activitieswithin the selected site generate thefollowing externalities /costs /im acts?_

No Yes On Within Beyon Low Mediu HighSite 3-5 km d m

5km2.1 Deforestation2.2 Soil erosion and

siltation2.3 Siltation of

watercourses, dams2.4 Environmental

degradation ansing frommining of constructionmaterials .

2.5 Damage of wildlifespecies and habitat

2.6 Hazardous wastes,Asbestos, PCB's -

2.7 Nuisance - smell ornoise - - -

2.8 Reduced water quality2.9 Increase in costs of

water treatment -_ -2.10 Soil- contamination2.11 Loss of soil fertility2.12 Reduced flow and

availability of water2.13 Long term depletion of

water resource2.14 Incidence of flooding2.15 Changes in migration

patterns of animals2.16 Introduce alien plants

and animals2.17 Increased incidence of

plant and animal-_____ diseases . - .

3.0. SCREENING CRITERIA F.1R §WIAL A I E$0 3MF IMPACTSWill'the implenmentation and opeiration- . - .. ..of the project activities within the. , -

selected site generate the following ; . .

-___ socio-economic costs/impacts? _ .No Yes On Within Beyon Low Mediu High

Site 3-5 km d m5km

3.1 Loss of land/landacquisition for humansettlement, farming,grazing

3.2 Loss of assets,property- houses,agricultural produce etc

3.3 Loss of livelihood -


3.4 Require a RAP orARAP3.5 Loss of cultural sites,

graveyards,monuments'

3.6 Disruption of socialfabric

3.7 Interference inmarriages for localpeople by workers

3.8 Spread of ST!, andHIV and AIDS, due tomigrant workers -

3.9 Increased incidence of-_ communicable diseases

3.10 Health hazards toworkers andcommunities

3.11 Changes in humansettlement patterns

3.12 Conflicts over use ofnatural resources e.g.water, land, etc

3.13 Conflicts on landownership

3.14 Disruption of importantpathways, roads

3.15 increased populationinflux

3.16 Loss of cultural identity -_.3.17 Loss of income

generating capacity

OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE SCREENING PROCESS ON THE SITE AND PROJECT ACTIVITY

The result of the screening process would be either: (a) the proposed project would be permitted to

proceed on the site as no environmental impacts will be incurred; or (b) the application of simple

mitigation measures will suffice, or, (c) the proposed project would need an EIA. The basis of these

options is listed in the table below:

The Proposed Project Activity has been assigned The Proposed Project Activity Needs Further

the following environmental categories and Compliance With EIA Requirements On The

requires appropriate level of environmental work. Following Observations.

* Screening Results 'A" * Project activities would have comprehensive,broad and long term impacts and therefore wouldrequire an EIA. This category will not be fundedunder NWDP II

* Screening Results "B" * Project activities will have a few of the impactsirreversible and therefore the application of simplemitigation measures will suffice;

NOTE: Sub-projects affecting cultural property negatively will either require specific institutionalarrangements to be followed for funding or will not be funded depending on the location of the project


* Project activities will have some negativeenvironmental impacts and therefore will require aseparate EIA

* Screening Results "C" * Project activities will have no significantenvironmental impacts and therefore do not requireadditional environmental work.

* If the screening results indicate that the site of the * Field appraisals indicate that the project site isproject will not be within environmentally- within environmentally -sensitive areas, protectedsensitive areas .e.g. protected areas, no EIA will areas.be required

* If no families will be displaced from the site, no * Cause adverse socio-economic impactsRAP will be required

* If the identified impacts are minor, marginal and of * Significant number of people, families will belittle significance, no EIA is required displaced from site

* Mitigation measures for the identified impacts are * Some of the predicted impacts will be long term,well understood and practiced in the area, no EIA complicated, extensivewill be required and the application of simplemitigation measures will suffice

* If the stakeholders have proven to have adequate * Appropriate mitigation measures for somepractical experiences in natural resource predicted impac-s are not well known in the areaconservation and management, no EIA isrequired.

| Completion b9 EDO, or EO Completion by Director of Environmental AffairsIProposed EA Category (A, B. C) Date Received from District

Assembly:Is This Project Likely To Need An YES/ NOEIAList A/B Paragraph Numbers Dated Reviewed:Date Exempted Date of Submission of

Project BdefDate Forwarded To DEA Head Dafe of Submission of EIAOffice Reports .Name 8 Signature of EDO |_Date of Approval/Rejection

NOTES:

* Once the Environmental and Social Screening Form is completed it is analysed by experts from theDistrict Environmental Sub-Committee who will classify it into the appropriate category based on apredetermined criteria and the information provided in the form.

* All projects' proponents exempted from further impact assessment must be informed to proceedwith other necessary procedures.

All projects recommended for further impact assessment will have to follow procedures outlined in section 24 and25 of the Environmental Management Act, and the Malawi Govemment's Guidelines for Environmental ImpactAssessment appendix C, page 32.


ANNEX 5.1A: Project Environmental Checklists for NWDP II

IT

The combined impact of all the to,ehroles, or 311 the dams, .hould be evaluated together on one of these sheels

Large negative impacts may indicate a need to comply with the EAD's EIA Process

Project Name: District: Date:

,Tick the magnitude of the

impacts without any mitigation

Environmental Impacts of Water Supply Positive asu Negative

Project(s) - -gi

* Not in any particular order E E Mitigation Measures* Not exhaustive - other

-c : m - measures are encouraged

Tick mitigations chosen /

Creation of social conflict or inequity Community participation &

buy-in

Erosion of economic land value Plan land use changeCompensation, relocation

Damage to historical/cultural monuments or artefacts Relocation

Increased Deforestation Afforestation

Nuisance - dust, smell or noise Planning and siting

Reduced water quality Sensitize communities on

proper wastewater

management and disposal.

Treat and dispose

wastewater as required.

Increased wastewater generation Sensitise communities on

water conservationmeasures

Soil Erosion Provide and use approved

storm water drainage

Health hazards to workers and communities Sensitise workers and

community on safety and

health measures

Spreading water related diseases Integration with health

planning

Hazard of water contamination Treatment of wastewater

Siltation of watercourses, dams Compact loose material

Contamination of water by human or animal activity Integrate with rural

. - planning

Reduced dilution of existing pollutants entering receiving Address pollutants at

waters source

Reduced recharge of groundwater Apply extraction and/or

consumption limits

Increasing incidence of communicable diseases Communication and

awareness

Reduced flow and availability of water for users Follow provisions of Water

1 Mitigation measures to be implemented by the institutions as listed in Table 6.1


ActLowering of water table Apply extraction and/or

consumption limitsLong term depletion of water resource Apply extraction and/or

consumption limitsHolistic catchmentmanagement

Impacts on aquatic flora and fauna downstream Monitor indicator speciesRoutine WQ monitoring

Strain on vegetation cover Spread out supply pointsChanges in migration patterns of humans and animals Integrate with rural

planningInundation of cultural or archaeological resources or Consider alternative sitingartefacts Remove resourcesWater logging of soil Micro-engineering

solutionsLoss of scenic value Re-vegetateDisruption of land tenure, ownership rights Community participation &

buy-inPopulation migration to the area Integrate with rural

-planning

Relocation of people Ccmmunity participation &_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _b u y -in

Global SustainabilityCheckWill the project(s): Tick boxes if yes /use irreplaceable natural resources or fossil fuels?result in an overall net loss of top soils?make increased use of natural resources for short rather than long term economic gains?impact negatively on national energy balance?have a net negative effect on the national carbon balance?be a hazard to any rare or endangered species?accelerate rural-to-urban migration?increase the gap between rich and poor people?If this project operated forever, would its natural resource base eventually be exhausted?

Completed by EDO or EO: Completed by Director EADProposed Signature:environmental category(A, B, C)

Is this project likely toneed an EIA(YES/NO)?List A/B paragraph Date:numbersDate forwarded to DEAHead Office:Date exempted:


ANNEX 5.2: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARD POLICIES.

Relevant World Bank safeguard policies concerned in the proposed p! ject are highlighted by a light shade.

OP 4.01 The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank- Depending on the project, and nature

Environmental financed projects are environmentally sound and of impacts a range of instruments can

Assessment sustainable, and that decision-making is improved be used: EIA, environmental audit,

through appropriate analysis of actions and of their hazard or risk assessment and

likely environmental impacts. This policy is triggered if environmental management plan

a project is likely to have potential (adverse) (EMP).When a project is likely to

environmental risks and impacts on its area of influence. have sectoral or regional impacts,

OP 4.01 covers impacts on the natural environment (air, sectoral or regional EA is required.

water and land); human health and safety; physical The Borrower is responsible for

cultural resources; and transboundary and global carrying out the EA.

environment concerns.Consistent with this policy, anEnvironmental and SocialManagement Framework (ESMF) hasbeen prepared because the preciselocations and potential negativelocalized impacts could not beidentified prior to appraisal.

OP 4.04 Natural This policy recognizes that the conservation of natural This policy is triggered by any project

Habitats habitats is essential to safeguard their unique (including any sub-project under a

biodiversity and to maintain environmental services and sector investment or financial

products for human society and for long-term intermediary) with the potential to

sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports cause significant conversion (loss) or

the protection, management, and restoration of natural degradation of natural habitats,

habitats in its project financing, as well as policy whether directly (through

dialogue and economic and sector work. The Bank construction) or indirectly (through

supports, and expects borrowers to apply, a human activities induced by the

precautionary approach to natural resource management project).to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainabledevelopment. Natural habitats are land and water areas The proposed project will not fund

where most of the original native plant and animal any investments that would have

species are still present. Natural habitats comprise many negative impacts on natural habitats.

types of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine In the event that investments in

ecosystems. They include areas lightly modified by sensitive areas would have to be

human activities, but retaining their ecological functions considered, a separate EIA report will

and most native species. be prepared and appropriatemitigation measures will berecommended for implementationunder the sub-project.

OP 4.36 Forests The objective of this policy is to assist borrowers to This policy is triggered whenever any

harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a Bank-financed investment project (i)

sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into has the potential to have impacts on

sustainable economic development and protect the vital the health and quality of forests or the

local and global environmental services and values of rights and welfare of people and their

forests. Where forest restoration and plantation level of dependence upon or

development are necessary to meet these objectives, the interaction with forests; or (ii) aims to

Bank assists borrowers with forest restoration activities bring about changes in the

that maintain or enhance biodiversity and ecosystem management, protection or utilization

functionality. The Bank assists borrowers with the of natural forests or plantations.


establishment of environmentally appropriate, sociallybeneficial and economically viable forest plantations to The proposed project will not fundhelp meet growing demands for forest goods and any investments that will bring aboutservices. any changes in the management of

forests.OP 4.09 Pest The objective of this policy is to (i) promote the use of The policy is triggered if : (i)Management biological or environmental control and reduce reliance procurement of pesticides or pesticide

on synthetic chemical pesticides; and (ii) strengthen the application equipment is envisagedcapacity of the country's regulatory framework and (either directly through the project, orinstitutions to promote and support safe, effective and indirectly through on-lending, co-environmentally sound pest management. More financing, or government counterpartspecifically, the policy aims to (a) Ascertain that pest funding); (ii) the project may affectmanagement activities in Bank-financed operations are pest management in a way that harmbased on integrated approaches and seek to reduce could be done, even though thereliance on synthetic chemical pesticides (Integrated project is not envisaged to procurePest Management (IPM) in agricultural projects and pesticides. This includes projects thatIntegrated Vector Management (IVM) in public health may (i) lead to substantially increasedprojects. (b) Ensure that health and environmental pesticide use and subsequent increasehazards associated with pest management, especially the in health and environmental risk; (ii)use of pesticides are minimized and can be properly maintain or expand present pestmanaged by the user. (c) As necessary, support policy management practices that arereform and institutional capacity development to (i) unsustainable, not based on an IPMenhance implementation of IPM-based pest management approach, and/or pose significantand (ii) regulate and monitor the distribution and use of health or environmental risks.pesticides.

The proposed project will not supportany investments that require the useof pesticides; any potential weedcontrol will be done manually.

OP 4.11 Physical The objective of this policy is to assist countries to This policy applies to all projects requiringCultural avoid or mitigate adverse impacts of development a Category A or B EnvironmentalResources projects on physical cultural resources. For purposes of Assessment under OP 4.01.

this policy, "physical cultural resources" are defined asmovable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groupsof structures, natural features and landscapes that have In the event of chance finds duringarchaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, construction and/or rehabilitation,religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. NWPII will contact the appropriatePhysical cultural resources may be located in urban or Malawian institutions to ensure thatrural settings, and may be above ground, underground, these finds are handled according toor underwater.teefnsaehnldcorigo

w . Malawian laws. NWPII will not fundany investments that negatively affectphysical cultural resources.

OP 4.10 The objective of this policy is to (i) ensure that the The policy is triggered when theIndigenous development process fosters full respect for the dignity, project affects the indigenous peoplesPeoples human rights, and cultural uniqueness of indigenous (with characteristics described in OP

peoples; (ii) ensure that they do not suffer adverse 4.10 para 4) in the project area.effects during the development process; and (iii) ensurethat indigenous peoples receive culturally compatible The proposed project will not fundsocial and economic benefits. any investments that have negative

impacts on indigenous peoples.

OP 4.12 The objective of this policy is to (i) avoid or minimize This policy covers not only physicalInvoluntary involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all relocation, but any loss of land orResettlement viable alternative project designs; (ii) assist displaced other assets resulting in: (i) relocation


persons in improving their former living standards, or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or

income earning capacity, and production levels, or at access to assets; (iii) loss of income

least in restoring them; (iii) encourage community sources or means of livelihood,

participation in planning and implementing resettlement; whether or not the affected people

and (iv) provide assistance to affected people regardless must move to another location.

of the legality of land tenure. This policy also applies to theinvoluntary restriction of access tolegally designated parks and protectedareas resulting in adverse impacts onthe livelihoods of the displacedpersons.

The project has prepared aResettlement Policy Framework(RPF) because the exact locations andpotential localized impacts could notbe identified prior to appraisal. ThisRPF will guide the preparation ofResettlement Action Plans (RAPs).

OP 4.37 Safety The objectives of this policy are as follows: For new This policy is triggered when the

of Dams dams, to ensure that experienced and competent Bank finances: (i) a project involving

professionals design and supervise construction; the construction of a large dam (15 m or

borrower adopts and implements dam safety measures higher) or a high hazard dam; and (ii)

for the dam and associated works. For existing dams, to a project which is dependent on an

ensure that any dam that can influence the performance existing dam. For small dams, generic

of the project is identified, a danL safety assessment is dam safety measures designed by

carried out, and necessary additional dam safety qualified engineers are usually

measures and remedial work are implemented. adequate.

The proposed project will not fundany investments that involve theconstruction of new dams.

OP 7.50 The objective of this policy is to ensure that Bank- This policy is triggered if (a) any

Projects in financed projects affecting international waterways river, canal, lake or similar body of

International would not affect: (i) relations between the Bank and its water that forms a boundary between,

Waters borrowers and between states (whether members of the or any river or body of surface waterBank or not); and (ii) the efficient utilization and that flows through two or more states,

protection of international waterways. whether Bank members or not; (b)any tributary or other body of surface

The policy applies to the following types of projects: (a) water that is a component of any

Hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, waterway described under (a); and (c)

drainage, water and sewerage, industrial and similar any bay, gulf strait, or channel

projects that involve the use or potential pollution of bounded by two or more states, or if

international waterways; and (b) Detailed design and within one state recognized as a

engineering studies of projects under (a) above, include necessary channel of communication

those carried out by the Bank as executing agency or in between the open sea and other states,

any other capacity. and any river flowing into suchwaters.

The notification of Malawi's riparianneighbors has been carried out, andtherefore, no additional ripariannotifications at the sub-project level

Water, Waste & Environment Consuftants 79 29/11/2007

are required.OP 7.60 The objective of this policy is to ensure that projects in This policy will be triggered if theProjects in disputed areas are dealt with at the earliest possible proposed project will be in aDisputed Areas stage: (a) so as not to affect relations between the Bank "disputed area". Questions to be

and its member countries; (b) so as not to affect answered include: Is the borrowerrelations between the borrower and neighboring involved in any disputes over an areacountries; and (c) so as not to prejudice the position of with any of its neighbors. Is theeither the Bank or the countries concerned. project situated in a disputed area?

Could any component financed orlikely to be financed as part of theproject situated in a disputed area?

The proposed project will not fundany investments in disputed areas.


I

ANNEX 5.3: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997,

EAD)

PROPOSED PROJECT

SCREENING

Is the proposed projectia prescribed activity? Is an EIA -likely to be mandatory or

may be required? Refer to Lists A and B of EIA Guidelines (EAD, 1997)

COMMENCE|Y,E NQ .4s,~; No EIAReq*W .- ^ H

-C /PROJECT

* | ... -Revlew' of P*oject Briel by tbe* J)freetor of 3nv'men ' Affairs

| G '~- P~. - )ejartment 9,.' . :--.'

IA euilred? ;- -

a S ,.s a . , a ',S at a . m . '; rs a ' . e a .in ' S a t a n

.~~- -= - -l - -' - v- - - - - - -i $- IF -I

* Based on ToRs approved by EAD.The licensing authority should submit to the Director a copy of the license

with attached project brief for record purposes.

te ~~The Developer may appeal to the Environmental Appeals Tribunal if not 20te fl~~ satisfied by the decision./00

ANNEX 5.4: GENERAL EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR NWDP II.

1. Provide a full descrption of the nature of the project with respect to the name of the proponent, thepostal and physical address, the spatial location of the potential site for the project, the estimated cost ofthe project, and size of land for the project site, including water reticulation, waste disposal and accessroads.

2. Provide a site-specific map of the area (Scale 1:50,000) showing the proposed project site and existingestablishments in the area and surrounding areas. A site plan for the project should also be provided.

3. Examine the existing conditions of the proposed site identifying and analysing:* Geological and soil conditions of the area;* The scope of vegetative resources of the area;* Existing land uses within the area and within adjacent villages;* Ecologically important or sensitive habitats and resources e.g. water resources, biodiversity

elements; and* Suitability of the site for the proposed development.

4. Describe the major activities to be undertaken for the construction and operation of water supplysystems. This should include the size and type of water structures, the type of equipment to be used, themethod and duration of construction, nature and quantity of wastes to be generated, the faciiities forappropriate disposal and management of waste, number of people to be employed and.

5. State the reasons for selecting the proposed site, the consequences of not undertaking the project at theproposed site and any altemative sites considered.

6. Predict the major short and long-term environmental impacts of the project. Examine both the positiveand negative impacts as well as impacts on the biophysical, social, economic and cultural componentsof the environment. The potential impacts must include those related to:

* project location (e.g. resettlement of people, loss of forest land, loss of agrcultural land, impacton flora and fauna);

* construction works (e.g. soil erosion, disposal of construction spoils, drainage and accessroads)

* project operation (e.g. solid waste disposal, sewage disposal)

7. Prescribe measures to eliminate, reduce or mitigate the negative effects identified and the measures toenhance the positive effects in 6.

8. Propose an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in tabular form by which all of themitigation/enhancement measures prescribed will be carried out, specifying who will be responsible forimplementing these measures and the schedule for implementation, cost of implementing the measuresand the source of funding. An environmental monitoring plan should also be prepared including theindicators to be used for monitoring the impacts and responsible persons and institutions that willconduct the monitoring.

9. Undertake public consultations to ensure that all interested and affected parties are involved in the EIAprocess and incorporate their views into the EIA. Evidence of consultation should be provided in thereport.

10. Provide an account of all statutory and regulatory licenses and approvals obtained for the project toensure that they are in line with sound environmental management practices and are in compliance withall relevant existing legislation. Reference should be made, but not limited to the EnvironmentManagement Act and other relevant and other relevant legislation.


ANNEX 5.5: PROCEDURES FOR EIA PREPARATION

CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME II

ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

According to Malawi's Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997), there are two

sequential types of formal EIA submissions which represent progress reports to meet the requirements of

Malawi's EIA process. These are Project Briefs and EIA Reports.

A Project Brief is a short report informing DEA that a prescribed activity is being considered. Its sole purpose is to

provide sufficient information to allow DEA to determine the need for an EIA based on screening criteria outlined

in Appendix of the guidelines. Thus, a Project Brief must contain the information needed by DEA to evaluate the

report against the screening criteria. Section 24 of the EMA requires that a Project Brief should at least state:

* The nature of the project;* The activities that shall be undertaken;* The possible products and by-products anticipated;

* The number of people the project shall employ;

* The area of land, air or water that may be affected; and

* Any other matters as may be prescribed.

More generally, the Project Brief should also contain:

* A basic description of the project purpose, size, location and preliminary design, including any

alternatives which are being considered (i.e. site, technology, construction and operation procedures,

handling of waste).The stage of the project in the project cycle.

* A location map of the project site or site alternatives, and a site plan as it is currently known. Maps and

plans should conform to the standards discussed in the section describing the requirements of an EIA

report.* A discussion of which aspects of the project are likely to cause environmental concerns, and of

proposed environmental management measures.

The General Requirements of an EIA Report include: (i) quality standards; (ii) terms of reference; (iii) identification

of the EIA team; (iv) discussion of EIA methods; (v) public consultation; and (vi) information and mapping

standards.

Typical elements of an EIA report include: (i) an Executive Summary; (ii) an Introduction; (iii) a Project

Description; (iv) a discussion of the Environmental Planning and Design; (v) Public consultation; (vi) description of

the Environmental Setting; (vii) Assessment of Environmental Impacts; (viii) Environmental Management Plan;

(ix) Resource Evaluation; (x) Summary and Recommendations; and (xi) Appendices.

For details on the preparation of the above documents, please refer to Annex C of the Guidelines for

Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997). In this context, the ESMF not only complements Malawi's

procedures for meeting EIA requirements as outlined in Annex C of the above guidelines, but it also meets the

safeguard policy requirements of the World Bank.


ANNEX 6.1: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS

These Environmental Guidelines for Contractors are prepared for all the contractors to be engaged for theNWDPII construction activities. The guidelines include provisions for proper management of construction sites,safe storage of construction materials and safe disposal of wastes including asbestos wastes.

General Considerations

* The contractor shall, in all his activities ensure maximum protection of the environment and the socio-economic wellbeing of the people affected by the project, whether within or outside the physical boundariesof the project area.

* Before any construction works begin, the contractor shall ensure that the relevant environmental and landacquisition certificates of authorization for the works have been obtained from the Director of EnvironmentalAffairs and/or the Commissioner for Lands.

* In general, the contractor shall familiarize himself with the ESMF and the RPF for the NWDP II. Specifically,the contractor shall make every effort to follow and implement the recommendations and mitigationmeasures of the EMP and the RAPs or ARAPs, to the satisfaction of the MoIWD and the EAD, or any suchpersons or agencies appointed by the MoIWD or the EAD, to inspect the environmental and socialcomponents of the NWDP II.

* The contractor shall work in cooperation and in coordination with the Project Management Team and/or anyother authority appointed to perform or to ensure that the social and environmental work is performedaccording to the provisions of the ESMF, RPF, RAPS, ARAPs and EMP for the NWDP II.

* The contractor shall always keep on site and make available to Environmental Inspectors or any authorizedpersons, copies of the EMPs, RAPs and ARAPs for the monitoring and evaluation of environmental andsocial impacts and the level or progress of their mitigation.

Acquisition of Construction MaterialsThe contractor shall ensure that construction materials such as sand, quarry stone, soils or any other constructionmaterials are acquired from approved suppliers and that the production of these materials by the suppliers or thecontractor does not violate the environmental regulations or procedures as determined by the EAD.

Movement and Transportation of Construction MaterialsThe movement and transportation of construction materials to and within the construction sites shall be done in amanner that generates minimum impacts on the environment and on the community, as required by the EMPsand the RAPs or ARAPs.

Storage of Construction Materials and EquipmentConstruction materials shall be stored in a manner to ensure that:* There is no obstruction of service roads, passages, driveways and footpaths;* Where it is unavoidable to obstruct any of the service paths, the contractor shall provide temporary or

alternate by-passes without inconveniencing the flow of traffic or pedestrians;* There is no obstruction of drainage channels and natural water courses;* There is no contamination of surface water, ground water or the ground;* There is no access by public or unauthorized persons, to materials and equipment storage areas;* There is no access by staff, without appropriate protective clothing, to materials and equipment storage

areas;* Access by staff and public or unauthorized persons, to hazardous, corrosive or poisonous substances

including sludge, chemicals, solvents, oils, asbestos cement dust or their receptacles such as boxes, drums,sacks and bags is prohibited;


Safe Disposal of Construction WasteConstruction waste includes but is not limited to asbestos pipes combustion products, dust, metals, rubble,

timber, water, waste water and oil. Hence construction waste constitutes solid, liquid and gaseous waste and

smoke.

In performing his activities, the contractor shall use the best practical means for preventing emissions of noxious

or offensive substances into the air, land and water. He shall make every effort to render any such emissions (if

unavoidable) inoffensive and harmless to people and the environment. The means to be used for making the

emissions harmless or for preventing the emissions shall be in accordance to the RAPs, ARAPs or the EMPs and

with the approval of the relevant Local Authonty or the Environmental Affairs Department.

The contractor shall, in particular, comply with the regulations for disposal of asbestos cement pipes,

construction/demolition wastes, wastewater, combustion products, dust, metals, rubble and timber. Wastewater

treatment and discharge will conform to the applicable regulations by the relevant Local Authority and Ministry of

Irrigation and Water Development. Asbestos wastes, and other hazardous wastes shall be treated and disposed

of in conformity with the national regulations and where applicable, with the supervision of qualified personnel.

Health and Safety of WorkersThe contractor shall protect the health and safety of workers by providing the necessary and approved protective

clothing and by instituting procedures and practices that protect the workers from dangerous operations. The

contractor shall be guided by and shall adhere to the relevant national Labour Regulations for the protection of

workers.


ANNEX 8.1: TRANSPORT AND OTHER COSTS FOR TRAINING (TO AND FROM LILONGWE)

DISTRICT PARTIPANTS DISTANCE FUEL FUEL TOTAL.'__' . . - (KM) LITRES US$/ LITRE USS

Mzuzu (NRWB) 3 1000 100 1.15 115Mzuzu (City Assembly) 4 1000 100 1.15 115Mzimba(DEC) 4 900 90 1.15 103.5Kasungu(Town Assembly) 4 350 35 1.15 40.25Lilongwe (City Assembly) 4 150 15 1.15 17.25

SUPPORT STAFF Lilongwe (NWDP-2) 250 25 1.15 28.75Lilongwe (NWDP-2) 5 150 15 1.15 17.25Lilongwe (CRWB) 3 150 15 1.15 17.25Lilongwe (LLWB) 3 150 15 1.15 17.25Lilongwe (DEC) 4 150 15 1.15 17.25

TRAINERS Lilongwe (Five Vehicles) 750 75 1.15 8-3.25

Liwonde (Town Assembly) 4 530 53 1.15 60.95Mangochi (Town Assembly) 4 750 75 1.15 86.25Zomba (Town Assembly 4 600 60 1.15 69Zomba (SRWB) 3 600 60 1.15 69Blantyre (BWBY 3 700 70 1.15 80.5Blantyre (DEC) 4 700 70 1.15 80.5Blantyre (City Assembly) 4 700 70 1.15 80.5

SUB-TOTAL FOR TRANSPORT COSTS 60 9580 958 1101.7

OTHER COSTSItem Description Unit Quantity Unit Cost Total

WORKSHOP STATIONERYReams of Paper No 5 4.3 21.5Toner No 5 100 500Pens No 150 0.2 30Files No 5 3.6 18Folders No 70 0.5 35Subtotal 604.5

TOTAL 1706.2


- I

ANNEX 9: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED DURING PREPARATION THE ESMF

NO |NAME |POSI|INSTITUTION IDATE

I } ! 7CONSULTED

LOCAL CONSULTATIONS, LILONGWE1 Mr. Kamuloni Environmental Officer Environmental Affairs 06 / 02 / 07

Department

2 Mr. Phiri Assistant Water Water Resources Board 06 /02 / 07

Resources Officer

3 Mr. Mikuwa Chief Water Resources Water Resources Board 06 / 02/07

Officer4 Mr. A.H. Planner Ministry of Mines, Natural 07 / 02 / 07

Chipongwe Resources andEnvironment

5 Mr. E. Khonje Senior Local Government Ministry of Local 07 / 02 / 07

Officer Government

6 Mr. Makwenda Planning Engineer Central Region Water 07 / 02 / 07Board

7 Mr. Senior assistant Regional Water Offices - 08 / 02 / 07

Mwenelupembe Community Water Supply Ministry of Irrigation andOfficer Water Development

8 Mr. Chiumia Environmental District Lilongwe.District Assembly 08 / 02 / 07

Officer9 Mr. Chikuni Projects Engineer Lilongwe Water Board 08 / 02 / 07

10 Mr. Kachingwe Environmental Officer Lilongwe Water Board 08 /02 / 07

11 Mr. Mitochi District Health and Lilongwe District Health 09 / 02 / 07

Environmental Officer Office

12 Mr. W. Mitembe Planner Forestry Department 09 / 02 / 07

13 Mr. T. Kamoto Principal Forestry Officer Forestry Department 09 / 02/ 07

14 Mr. Banda Estates Officer Regional commissioner for 09 /02 / 07Lands - Central

15 Mrs. Chakwana Principal Gender Officer Ministry of Gender 12 / 02 / 07

16 Mr. W. Ali Projects Manager- Ministry of Transport and 14/02/07

Development Corridors Public Works

17 Mr. 0. Matupa Principal Energy Department of Energy 15 / 02 / 07

- Economist ___

MZUZU CITY

18 Mr. M.E.M Kaunda Director of Planning Mzuzu City Assembly 19 / 02 / 07

19 Mr. D. R. Member Mzuzu City Assembly 19 / 02 / 07

Chirombo20 Mr. G.G Pondelani Member Mzuzu City Assembly 19 / 02 / 07

21 Mr. S. Mbale District Forestry Officer Forestry 19 / 02 / 07

22 Mr. F.G Mangani Commissioner for lands Lands Department 19 / 02 / 07

23 Mr. S.E.D Member Mzuzu City Assembly 19 / 02 / 07

Chikwapulo24 Mr. A.P Kayuni Member Mzuzu City Assembly 19 / 02 / 07


NO NAME POSITION INSTITUTION DATE25 CONSULTED25 Mr. D.M Kamlomo Commissioner for Regional Physical Planning 19 / 02 / 07

Physical Planning26 Mr. Ungwe Project Manager Northem Region Water 20 /02 /07

Board27 Mrs. C.J Tembo Villager Mdilira Village 20 /02/ 0728 Mr. W. Villager Kamkhoti Village 20 /02 / 07

Mkandawire29 Mr. J. Milanzi Maize Mill Operator Ekwendeni Mission Maize 20/02 / 07

Mill30 Mr. J.R. Mhango Plant Operator Northem Region Water 20 / 02 / 07

Board31 Mr. R.G. Bota Plant Operator Northern Region Water 20 /02 / 07

Board32 Mr. Mkandawire Plant Operator Northem Region Water 20 /02 / 07

Board33 Mr. B.M Mvula Member Hope for the Elderly 21 /02 / 0734 Mr. H.E.M Mtegha Plant Operator Northem Region Water 21 / 02/07

BoardMBELWA DISTRICT ASSEMBLY, MZIMBA

35 Mr. C. Bokho Member Mbelwa DEC 21 /02 / 0736 Mr. G. Silweya Member Mbelwa DEC 21 /02/ 0737 Mr. O.Z Thera Member Rural Housing - Mzimba 21 / 02/ 0738 Miss. C. Gondwe Member Youth 21 /02 / 0739 Mrs. R. Kayira Member Community Development - 21 /02/07

Mzimba40 Mrs. H. Munthali Member Tovwirane HIV / AIDS 21 / 02 /07

organization - Mzimba41 Mr. K. Kabaghe Member P.V.H.O- Mzimba 21 /02/ 0742 Mr. C. Chapotera Officer Mzimba Police 21 /02/0743 Mr. H.E. Chisanga Officer Social Welfare Office 21 /02/ 0744 Mr. E.J.F Gondwe Officer Labour and Social 21 /02 / 07

Development - Mzimba45 Mr. E. Nyirenda Officer Mzimba District Information 21 / 02 /0746 Eddie Jere Officer Mzimba Education 21 /02/ 0747 Fr. C. Gondwe Father Faith Based Organization 21 /02/ 0748 Mr. E.C. Mbewa District water officer Mzimba Water office 21 /02 / 0749 Mr. H.C.K Gondwe Director of Planning Mbelwa DEC 21 /02 / 0750 Mr. W. Nkana District Forestry officer Mzimba Forestry office 21 /02/0751 Mr. R.S.K Mshali Officer in Charge Mzimba Prison 21 /02/ 07

KASUNGU TOWNSHIP52 Mr. H.K Mambo Zone Manager Central Region Water 22 /02/ 07

Board53 Mr. A.H Nkhoma Director of Planning Kasungu Town Assembly 22 /02 / 07

ZOMBA MUNICIPALITY54. Mr E.J Nathebe ] District Water Officer Zomba DEC 21/02/0755 Mr S. Gondwe District Environmental Zomba DEC 21/02/07-_ Officer


NO NAME POSITION INSTITUTION DATECONSULTED

56 Mr T.M Harawa Director Of Panning and Zomba DEC 21/02/07Development

57 Mr A.M Ganizani DEHO Zomba DEC 21/02/07

58 Mr B.B Masemu Lands Officer Zomba DEC 21/02/07

59 Mr D.S. Chiwaya Barrage Attendant ESCOM 20/02/07

60 Mrs Kananji Treasurer Water Users Association 21/02/07(Zomba MpondabwinoPoint)

61 Mrs Kabichi Secretary Water Users Association 21/02/07(Zomba Mpondabwinowater Point)

62 S Phanga Chairman Chikanda Water Points 21/02/07

63 Mrs Harare Chairperson Water Users Association 21/02/07(Zomba Mpondabwino

-__ -waterPoint64 Mr Kamwana Vice Chairman Water Users Association 21/02/07

(Zomba Mpondabwinowater Point

65 Mr Kambona Water Supervisor SRWB 20/02/07LIWONDE TOWNSHIP

66 Mr. C.N Eliyasi Planner Liwonde DEC 20/02/07

67 Mrs N. Kasabola Agriculture DPD Liwonde ADD 20/02/07

68 Mr T.R Muluwaz'a Actinq Chief.... Liwonde DEC 20/02/07

69 Mr EFS Chirwa Scheme Manager SRWB 20/02/07

70 Mr TG Wasambo HRMA Liwonde ADD 20/02/07

71 AW Voisi Chairperson Fishermen Association 20/02/07(Liwonde Barrage)

72 Mailosi Jafali Member Fishermen Association 20/02/07-(Liwonde Barrage)

73 Lest Kalino Member Fishermen Association 20/02/07(Liwonde Barraqe)

74 Menard James Member Fishermen Association 20/02/07(Liwonde Barrage)

75 Kaliati Makaibu Member Fishermen Association 20/02/07(Liwonde Barrage)

76 Lameck Masiku Member Fishermen Association 20/02/07.(Liwonde Barrage)

BLANTYRE CITY77 MR J. Factory Manager ADMARC 20/02/07

Chingamuka78 B Sapiri Pande RJS Works 20/02/07

79 Mr F.J Kapichi CEAR Co LTD 20/02/07

80 Mr B.M ESCOM 20/02/07

Kadam'manja81 Mrs M.B. Kunje District Forestry Officer Blantyre DEC 23102/07

82 Mrs Jean Bondwe DCDO Blantyre DEC 23/02/07

83 Mrs Esther ASWO Blantyre DEC 23/02/07


N NAME POSITION . INSTITUTION'.:. DATE.___- ___ ._.-_;_-_CONSULTED

Ndaipalero84 Mr Mike Mzumara DWDO Blantyre DEC 23/02/0785 Mr P Kantsitsi Director of Planning and Blantyre DEC 23/02/07

Development86 Mr Petros G. DHO Blantyre DEC 23/02/07

Kamanga87 Mrs Emma Bello District Lands Officer Blantyre DEC 23/02/0788 Mr Maybin Projects Officer CEPA 23/02/07

Ng'ambi89 Mr Mwambene Director CURE 22/02/07

MANGOCHI TOWNSHIP90 Mr J. Pelani Senior Assistant Fisheres Mangochi DEC 19/02/07

Officer91 Mr H.B. DCDO Mangochi DEC 19/02/07

Chimbeleko92 Mr H.D Mwamvani Director of Planning Mangochi TCPC 19/02/07

Works93 Mr ADFO Mangochi DEC 19/02/07

W.M.Kalipunde94 Mr H.G Ponde District water Officer Mangochi DEC 19/02/07

ponde95 J.R. Sadalaki Acting DPD Mangochi DEC 19/02/0796 E. Mbale Acting DPD Mangochi DEC 19/02/0797 E. Jailosi Assistant Director of Mangochi DEC 19/02/07

Forestry98 N.P. Chabuka MISO Mangochi DEC 19/02/0799 Mike Sandali LA Mangochi DEC 19/02/07100 Mr Kadzakoya DAC Mangochi DEC 19/02/07101 Mr Kaliwo Barrage Attendant ESCOM 20/02/07102 Mr G Chatepa ESCOM 20/02/07103 Geoffrey Chief Samama Samama Village 19/02/07

Chiwandira104 Koloko Chikonda Villager Samama Village 19/02/07105 Harry Chiwandira Villager Samama Village 19/02/07106 Maliro Solomoni Villager Samama Village 19/02/07107 Yster Kamwendo Villager Samama Village 19/02/07108 Eliza Chiwandira Villager Samama Village 19/02/07109 Magdalenna Ndala Villager Samama Village 19/02/07

Water, Waste & Environment ConsuHtants 90 29/11112007

MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME...

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