Group 3

•Questionnaire•Data processing•Mineral waters

The questionnaire was given to 100 students

. The data processing shows that the time band when there is most water consumption is: 7 a.m. – 8 a.m.; 1 p.m. – 2 p.m.; 6 p.m. – 9 p.m.; This is when all the family members are at home and the main mealsare made

Results from the questionnaire

21%

79%

drinking,cleaninghygiene only

Tap water is generally used for (select one)

-drinking, cleaning the house and personale hygiene

-hygiene only, because bottled mineral water is used to drink

- How many litres of mineral water do you drink a day (on average)?

notice that about six plastic cups make 1 litre

-Instead if you use tap water, how many litres do you use to drink a day

mineral water 5 L

tap water 5 L

How often do you take a shower (select one)

-I mainly use the bath

-Everyday

-2 to 5 times a week

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%I mainly use the bath

everyday

2 to 5 times a week

     How many minutes does your shower take (on average)? 15 min

    How many times do you clean your teeth aily ( on average)? 3

The weekly use of washing machine is (select one)

- less than 3 times

- between 3 and 6 times

- between 6 and 9 times

- more 9 times

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

less than 3 times

between 3 and 6 times

between 6 and 9 times

more 9 times

The weekly use of dish washer is (select one)

- less than 3 times

- between 3 and 6 time

- between 6 and 9 times

- more 9 times

0,00%

20,00%

40,00%

60,00%

80,00%

less than 3times

between 3and 6 times

between 6and 9 times

more 9 times

Which uses the most water in your house (select one)?

the garden house cleaningwashing the car

washing the car

the garden

house cleaning

92,60%

5,60%

1,80%

How do you use the shower (select one)

- with continuos water flow during all the shower

- interrupting the water flow when we use the soap

0,00%

20,00%

40,00%

60,00% withcontinuoswater flow

interruptingthe waterflow

How do you wash your teeth (select one)

- with continuos water flow during for all the necessary time

- interrupting the water flow

- using a glass for rising

3,70%

37,10%

59,20%

withcontinuoswater flow

interruptingthe waterflow

using a glass

How do you use the toilet (select one)

- I use all the water inside the tank of the toilet each time

- I have a toilet that allow me to choose how much water to use

- with a bottle inside the tank to reduce the amount of water

86%

12%2% I use all the w ater

inside the tank

I have a toilet thatallow me tochoose howmuch w ater tousew ith a bottleinside the tank

In your family, you use the fruit and vegetables washing water for non potable purposes like to water the plants or to flush the toilet (select one)

- never

- sometimes

- regularly

41,50%

45,30%

13,20%never

sometimes

regularly

How are the appliances used in your house (select one)

- full load wash

- half load wash

- small water charge programme

- full water charge programme

80%

0%

6%

14%

full load w ash

half load w ash

small w aterchargeprogrammefull w aterchargeprogramme

Analysis of the results

Little attention towards this resource from a lot of families

A lot of students don’t use water wisely

Many families use bottled drinking water

In Italy there are sources of mineral water nearly all over the national territory..

Some sources of mineral water

The mineral waters analysed are reported on the table with their features written on the label

  KICK SULFATE POTASSIU

M CHLORIDE NITRATEMAGNESIU

M SODIUM SILICA FLUORIDE BICARBONATE

LILIA 34,2 mg/L ----- 27,1 mg/L ----- 6,2 mg/L 11 mg/L ----- ----- 0,90 mg/L 274 mg/L

LILIA 36,1 mg/L 18,1 mg/L 0,6 mg/L 2,7 mg/L ----- 12,8 mg/L 2 mg/L 9,1 mg/L ----- 153 mg/L

SERPINIA 74,7 mg/L 3,2 mg/L 1,3 mg/L 4,5 mg/L 1,8 mg/L 4,7 mg/L 4 mg/L 7,2 mg/L 0,1 mg/L 264 mg/L

LEGGERA 37 mg/L 16 mg/L 28 mg/L 25 mg/L 3 mg/L ----- ----- ----- ----- 268 mg/L

SAN BENEDETTO 48,2 mg/L 3,8 mg/L 1 mg/L 1,9 mg/L 8,2 mg/L 29,4 mg/L 6,9 mg/L 14,3 mg/L 0,06 mg/L 306 mg/L

NOCERA UMBRA 95 mg/L 2,5 mg/L ----- 5,1 mg/L 7,7 mg/L 1,3 mg/L 3,2 mg/L 7,2 mg/L ----- 289 mg/L

LIEVE 68 mg/L 53,9 mg/L 1,3 mg/L 10,2 mg/L 0,24 mg/L 15,4 mg/L 14,1 mg/L 7,5 mg/L 0,42 mg/L 240 mg/L

SANTA CROCE 48,10 mg/L 1,3 mg/L 0,16 mg/L ----- 1 mg/L 4,57 mg/L 1,23 mg/L 1,7 mg/L ASSENTE -----

PRATA 150 mg/L ----- 1,1 mg/L 6,2 mg/L 5,1 mg/L 11,5 mg/L 4 mg/L 4,2 mg/L 0,1 mg/L 460 mg/L

LEVISSIMA 20,6 mg/L 14,4 mg/L 1,7 mg/L ----- 1,6 mg/L 1,7 mg/L 1,8 mg/L 5,6 mg/L 0,2 mg/L 58,5 mg/L

SANTO STEFANO 58,4 mg/L 3,6 mg/L 1,4 mg/L 10 mg/L ----- 14,1 mg/L 2,6 mg/L 5 mg/L ----- -----

FERRARELLE 365 mg/L 4 mg/L 48 mg/L 17 mg/L 5 mg/L 18 mg/L 49 mg/L 80 mg/L 1 mg/L 1342 mg/L

VITASNELLA 86 mg/L 83 mg/L 1 mg/L 2 mg/L 3 mg/L 29 mg/L 3 mg/L 10 mg/L 0,6 mg/L -----

SANTAGATA 298 mg/L ----- 41 mg/L 16 mg/L 6 mg/L 18 mg/L 49 mg/L ----- ----- 1177 mg/L

GAUDIANELLO 152 mg/L ----- 48 mg/L 38 mg/L 3 mg/L 52 mg/L 129 mg/L ----- ------ 940 mg/L

VITOLOGATTI 440 mg/L ----- 8 mg/L 21 mg/L 4,9 mg/L 147 mg/L 22 mg/L ----- ----- 2105 mg/L

LETE 314 mg/L ----- 2 mg/L 8,10 mg/L 4,50 mg/L 14,5 mg/L 4,9 mg/L ----- ----- 980,50 mg/L

ULIVETO 169 mg/L ----- 8,1 mg/L 75 mg/L 6,5 mg/L 32,8 mg/L 87 mg/L ----- ----- 650 mg/L

VERA 36,3 mg/L 18,1 ,mg/L 0,6 mg/L 2,6 mg/L 3,9 mg/L 12,7 mg/L 2 mg/L     149,9 mg/L

PRIMAVERA 91,76 mg/L 25,06 mg/L 1,3 mg/L 6,43 mg/L 3,2 mg/L 18,07 mg/L 4,62 mg/L 4,1 mg/L 0,13 mg/L 340,96 mg/L

FABIA 3,5 mg/L   3 mg/L 8,1 mg/L 4,51 mg/L 14,9 mg/L 4,9 mg/L 16,22 mg/L 0,3 mg/L 980,51 mg/L

PANNA 36,5 mg/L   0,4 mg/L   3,8 mg/L 12,7 mg/L 2,1 mg/L     180,5 mg/L

SUEVA 373 mg/L   0,3 mg/L   5,2 mg/L 12,8 mg/L 2 mg/L     12,4 mg/L

SANGEMINI 325 mg/L 55,2 mg/L 3,79 mg/L 16,3 mg/L 0,76 mg/L 15,23 mg/L 19,6 mg/L 21 mg/L   1021 mg/L

WATERS RESIDUAL FIXED SOURCE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS PRICE Ầ THE LITER

VITOLOGATTI 180°C - 1650bmg/L SALERNO - CAMPANIA

MINERAL EFFERVESCENT NATURALE.BICARBONATO-CALCIC AND

MAGNESICA € 0,15

SAN BENEDETTO 180°C - 274,8 mg/L SCORZE' - VENEZIA MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,15

PRATA 180°C - 430 mg/L PRATELLE - CASERTA MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,12

GAUDIANIELLO 180°C - 125 mg/LMONTE VULTURE - BASILICATA.

(1326 mt/s.l.m.) EFFERVESCENT MINERAL DISPOSITION € 0,20

LEGGERA 180°C - 380 mg/LMONTE VULTURE - BASILICATA.

(1326 mt/s.l.m.) MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,14

SANTA CROCE 180°C - 170,4 mg/L CANISTRO TERME AQUILA MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,15

NOCERA UMBRA 180°C - 275 mg/LNOCERA UMBRA (PG) FONTI STORICHE spa. (500mt/s.l.m.) MINERAL € 0,13

SAPINIA 180°C - 227 mg/LTERME DI SEPINIO -

SORGENTE 3 FONTANE MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,14

LIEVE 180°C - 301 mg/L UMBRIA MINERAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,17

LEVISSIMA 180°C - 75,50 mg/L PAVIA NATURAL € 0,27

SANTO STEFANO 180°C - 230 mg/L SALERNO MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,14

FERRARELLE 180°C - 1245 mg/L NAPOLI MINERAL EFFERVESCENT DISPOSITION € 0,25

VITASNELLA 180°C - 382 mg/L NEL CUORE DELLE ALPI (PAVIA) MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,30

SANTAGATA 180°C - 1118 mg/L NAPOLI

MINERAL EFFERVESCENT NATURALE.ACIDULA BICARBONATO-

CALCICA € 0,17

LETE 180°C - 845 mg/L ROMA MINERAL EFFERVESCENT DISPOSITION € 0,20

ULIVETO 180°C - 860 mg/L PISAMINERAL DISPOSITION. BICARBONATE-

CALCIC € 0,36

VERA 180°C - 164 mg/L PAVIA MINERAL DISPOSITION € 0,15

PRIMAVERA 180°C - 314 mg/L L'AQUILA MINERAL DISPOSITION € 0,18

FABIA 180°C - 426,5 mg/L PERUGIA NATURAL MINERAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,15

PANNA 180°C - 137 mg/L FIRENZE MINERAL NATURAL OLIGOMINERALE € 0,27

SVEVA 180°C - 1478 mg/L NAPOLI MINERAL EFFERVESCENT DISPOSITION € 0,22

SANGEMINI 180°C - 899 mg/L PERUGIA MINERAL DISPOSITION € 0,66

At last a score was given to the analysed waters and their labels: one star as poor Two stars as good Three stars as excellent

ACQUE CONTAINER LABEL OWNERSHIP'

FIXED RESIDUE

SODIUMNITRAT

ES

HEAVY METAL

S

VITOLOGATTI GLASS ** YOU MAINLY RECOMMEND FOR USES THERAPEUTICS, DISSUADED THE DAILY USE * *** ** ***

SAN BENEDETTO PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** ***

PRATA GLASS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** ***

GAUDIANIELLO PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION

***

** ** ***

LEGGERA PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** ABSENT ** ***

SANTA CROCE PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** *** ***

NOCERA UMBRA GLASS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** ***

SEPINIA GLASS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** *** ***

LIEVE PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** *** ***

LEVISSIMA GLASS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** *** ***

SANTO STEFANO PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ABSENT ***

FERRARELLE GLASS ** GOOD TABLE WATER. BICARBONATE-CALCIC. IT FACILITATES THE DIGESTIVE TRIALS. * *** ** ***

VITASNELLA PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** ***

SANTAGATA GLASS ** GOOD TABLE WATER. BICARBONATE-CALCIC. IT FACILITATES THE DIGESTIVE TRIALS. * *** ** ***

LETE GLASS ** GOOD TABLE WATER. BICARBONATE-CALCIC. IT FACILITATES THE DIGESTIVE TRIALS. ** *** ** ***

ULIVETO GLASS ** GOOD WATER FROM TABLES. BICARBONATE ALKALINE. ACTION ANTI INFIAMMATORIA. ** ** ** ***

VERA PLASTICS ** GOOD TABLE WATER. BICARBONATE-CALCIC. IT FACILITATES THE DIGESTIVE TRIALS. *** *** ** ***

PRIMAVERA PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** ***

FABIA PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** **

PANNA PLASTICS ** SUITABLE Á. THE DAILY CONSUMPTION *** *** ** ***

SVEVA GLASS ** GOOD TABLE WATER. BICARBONATE-CALCIC. IT FACILITATES THE DIGESTIVE TRIALS.

* *** ** ***

SANGEMINI GLASS ** GOOD TABLE WATER. BICARBONATE-CALCIC. IT FACILITATES THE DIGESTIVE TRIALS. ** *** *** *

The value of two stars was given to labels either with generic information about the source or because they do not clearly specify their general features and the possible therapeutic peculiarity.

On the basis of a strange regulation, mineral water is free from declaring probable undesirable compounds. In fact, there is no limit for manganese nor for other minerals like iron, chromium, sodium, magnesium, mercury, beryllium, etc.

Only for drinkable water there are upper values witch can’t be overcome and “guide values” which can be advised

DRINKING WATER PARAMETERS

Recommended ratings (mg/L)

The highest concentrations

(mg/L)

Recommended ratings (mg/L)

The highest concentrations

(mg/L)

Sulfate 25 250 Arsenic -- 0.05

Magnesium 30 50 Cadmium -- 0.005

Calcium 100 -- Chronium -- 0.05

Sodium 20 175 Mercury -- 0.001

Alluminium 0.05 0.2 Nickel -- 0.05

Nitrate 5 50 Lead -- 0.05

Ammonia 0.05 0.5 Antirony -- 0.01

Iron 0.05 0.2 Selenium -- 0.01

Manganese 0.02 0.05 Vanadium -- --

Copper 0.1 1 Beryllium -- --

Zinc 0.1 3