Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram · Buildingtheanalytical framework From...
Transcript of Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram · Buildingtheanalytical framework From...
Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram
Ana Alexandrino da Silva
7th May 2019 – Stories of data session
http://graficosemapas.wordpress.com
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BIOGRAPHY:
11 years in Statistics Portugal
11 years in Cohesion funds strategic monitoring and cevaluation
Book about Graphics andc Maps
4 years teaching data visualization in Postgrad Program in Lisbon
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“Those who don’t know history are doomed to repeat it”
Michael Friendly
Quote from a keynote at the Rostock Retreat on data visualizationin the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
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To learn more about data visualization history www.datavis.ca/milestones
Building the analytical framework● From simple to complex● Why a spiral and not a circle
Seeing the history repeating itself● Before the 16th century there where few examples● Most of the charts were created in the “golden age of graphics” ● Computers put an end to the “modern dark age” of graphics?● Are we back to the modern golden age of graphics? ● What’s next?
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Index
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Horizontal axisLevel of complexity of the graphics
Simplegraphics
Complex graphics
ISOTYPE – International System Of Typographic Picture Education 1925-1934
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What does it mean?Simple versus complex graphics
Dimensions Examples of simple versus complex
Number of visual variables applied Color versus Color+Size+Shape
The visualization needs a legend Without legend versus with legend
Graphical skills Unused to graphics versus with graphical literacy
Level of Detail Sketch versus meticulous drawing
Level of Abstraction Concrete versus Abstract
Level of conventional encoding Culturally Intuitive versus Cultural codification
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Vertical axisLevel of complexity of the concepts portrayed
Complex concepts
Simple concepts
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What does it mean?Simple versus complex concepts
Dimensions Examples of simple versus complex
Number of variables portrayed Univariate vs multivariate
Relation between variables Without vs with Correlation
Level of education or qualification of the audience Low qualified vs high qualified readers
Open-minded / the ability of being ahead of time Classic vs Innovative
Level of subjectivity of the concepts Objective vs Subjective
Close to reality – everyday life Intuitive versus needs theoretical description
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Quadrants
Simple visualizations showing complex concepts
Elaborated visualizations
Simple visualizations Not so easy visualizations showing simple ideas
Complex graphics
Simplegraphics
Complexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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Technological evolution
Ancienthieroglyphics Press
Computer
World WideWeb
Multi Devices
XV century 1800+ 1975+ 2000+
Widespread use
Technological development
Linoleum-cut
300 b.C. 1900+
Lithography
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Quadrants & the Technological Evolution
Greatertechnologicaldevelopment
Greatertechnologicaldevelopment
Multi Devices
Lessertechnologicaldevelopment
Quill pen
Pencil
Greatertechnologicaldevelopment
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Introducing the tech evolution into this analytical frameworkchanges an continuous circle into na upward spiral
Complex graphics
Simplegraphics
Complexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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Introducing the tech evolution into this analytical frameworkchanges an continuous circle into na upward spiral
Complex graphics
Simplegraphics
Complexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
Building the analytical framework● From simple to complex● Why a spiral and not a circle
Seeing the history repeating itself● Before the 16th century there where few examples● Most of the charts were created in the “golden age of graphics” ● Computers put an end to the “modern dark age” of graphics?● Are we back to the modern golden age of graphics? ● What’s next?
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Index
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Before the 16th centurythe earliest days of the data visualization
Complexconcepts
16thcentury
Simple graphics Complex graphics
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16thcentury
Hieroglyphs – Ancient Egypt, by 300 BC
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16thcentury
Tree of knowledge – Raymond Lulle, France, 1295
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After the 16th centurywithout Da vinci, Descartes or Mercator, it could have started much later
Complexconcepts
Simple graphics
17thcentury
16thcentury
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Rectangular Coordinate System – Leonardo da Vinci, 1500
16thcentury
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17thcentury
Analytical Geometry – René Descartes, France, 1637
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18th – 19th centuriesNew graphic forms and early modern graphics (the Golden Age)
Conplexconcepts
Simpleconcepts
18thcentury
19thcentury
Simple graphics
Simple graphics
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18thcentury
19thcentury
Commercial and Political Atlas – William Playfair, England, 1786
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18thcentury
19thcentury
Statistical Breviary – William Playfair, England, 1801
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18thcentury
19thcentury
The clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854 – John Snow, England, 1855
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18thcentury
19thcentury
Napoleon's disastrous losses suffered during the Russian campaign of 1812 – Charles Minard, France, 1857
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End of the 19th century – early 20th centuryThe highest growth of graphic literacy and information socialization
Simpleconcepts
Simpleconcepts
Complex graphics
20thcentury
Complexconcepts
Simple graphics
Simple graphics
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20thcentury
Parade of Statistical Graphs – New York, USA, 1913
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20thcentury
Museum of Social Statistical Graphics and the ISOTYPE system(International System of Typographic Picture Education)
– Otto Neurath, Vienna, 1927
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20thcentury
Map of London’s Underground Railways – Harry Back, London, UK, 1933
Between the 2nd WW and 1970 or the “Modern dark ages”, when graphics became difficult to read & to find
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20thcentury
Simpleconcepts
Complex graphics
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Diagramming variables in more than 3 dimensions – Edgar Anderson, USA, 1957
20thcentury
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The reorderable matrix – Jacques Bertin, France, 1967
20thcentury
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Before the 21st centuryComplexifying statistics visualizations: multivariate but harder to read
Complexconcepts
21stcentury
Complex graphics
Complex graphics
Simpleconcepts
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21stcentury
Chernoff faces – Herman Chernoff, USA, 1973
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21stcentury
Box plot – John W. Tukey, USA, 1977Image from Exploratory Data Analysis, John W. Tukey (1977)
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21stcentury
3Dimension charts
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Beginning of the 21st century – nowadaysThe modern golden age of graphics
Complexconcepts
Simple graphics
Simple graphics
21stcentury
Complex graphics
Simpleconcepts
Simpleconcepts
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21stcentury
Gapminder– Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund and Hans Rosling, Stockholm, Sweden, 2005
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21stcentury
Google maps – USA, 2005
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21stcentury
Better life index (OECD 50th Anniversary)– Stefan Moritz, Berlin, Germany, 2011
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21stcentury
Circular plot showing migration flows between 50 countries in 2005-10– Nicola Sander, Austria, 2014
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21stcentury
Iraq: tem years since the invasionGraphic: Paul Scruton. Data: Simon Rogers, Mona Chalabi, Mehdi Atmani,
The Guardian, 2013
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21stcentury
Cover mania – Michele Mauri– Information is Beautiful prize winner, 2012
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21stcentury
Heat map – Number of Measles cases per 100,000 people,in the USA and the District of Columbia, in the 20th Century
– Tynan DeBold and Dov Friedman, 2015
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The future... ??More graphical literacy but less use: heading to a new dark age of graphics?Were are they shown? People will still use interative charts? ???
Simpleconcepts
Simpleconcepts
21stcentury
Simple graphics Complex graphics
Milestones of data visualisation on a 4-quadrant diagram
Ana Alexandrino da Silva
7th May 2019 – Stories of data session
http://graficosemapas.wordpress.com