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MIDLAND HERITAGE COMMITTEE TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 2015 ... Documents/plan... · TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER...
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MIDLAND HERITAGE COMMITTEE TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 2015
MIDLAND COUNCIL CHAMBERS - 7:00 p.m.
1. CALL TO ORDER
2. DECLARATIONS OF PECUNIARY INTEREST
3. REPORTS A) Review of Report of the meeting held on Tuesday, June 16, 2015. 4. UNFINISHED BUSINESS A Heritage Committee Workplan – Separate meeting date to be scheduled. 5. ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION A) William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery **Review of Final Report from ARA (attached) B) Museum Town Plaque for Dollartown C) Heritage Calendars 6. FOR INFORMATION A) June 12, 2015 correspondence from Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and Parks Canada re: Midland Point Front and Rear Range Lighthouses 7. OTHER BUSINESS 8. ADJOURNMENT Next meeting: October 15, 2015 at 7:00 p.m. in Council Chambers
THE TOWN OF MIDLAND HERITAGE COMMITTEE
575 Dominion Avenue Midland, ON L4R 1R2
Phone: 705-526-4275 ext 2215 Fax: 705-526-9971
[email protected] www.midland.ca
Report of the Midland Heritage Committee Meeting held Tuesday, June 16, 2015 at 7:00 p.m. in the Midland Council Chambers.
Present: Sue McKenzie, Chair Lorelei Blane-Smith, Member
Mary Templeton, Member Cathy Smith, Member Rene Hackstetter, Member
Alicia Scarth, Member Stephen Whittington, Member
Ute Schmid-Jones, Member
Staff Present: Wes Crown, Director of Planning and Building Services Sherri Edgar, Executive Assistant Leah Quin, Planning Summer Student Regrets: Jack Wilford, Member Deputy Mayor Mike Ross, Member
1. CALL TO ORDER The meeting was called to order at 7:00 p.m. The Chair read the introductory remarks respecting safety matters and respectful communication policies. The Chair introduced David Blane-Smith from Falkirk, Scotland and welcomed him to the Committee meeting. 2. DECLARATIONS OF PECUNIARY INTEREST There were none declared. 3. DEPUTATIONS
A) William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
Present: Kayla Jonas-Galvin and Andrea Carswell Kayla Jonas-Galvin of Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. provided an update to Committee regarding the results of the Open House held earlier that day from 3:00 to 6:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers. Surveys regarding Conservation, fencing and landscape options were given to those in attendance as well as Committee members. There were 12 attendees and 10 of the 12voted. Andrea Carswell provided a summary of the three Conservation options and asked that Committee voted on the options. A Consensus is required to provide direction to Consultants. Committee discussed the three options. Consensus was option 2 consisting
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of repairing, mending and infilling which will also include a maintenance program. A Draft report will be forthcoming and Committee will meet to review the Draft Report. The Chair thanked Kayla and Andrea for their presentation B) Guest Speaker: David Blane-Smith (Falkirk Scotland) Present: David Blane Smith from Falkirk Scotland Bill Smith, former Heritage Committee member David Blane-Smith addressed Committee and advised that he has been living in Falkirk, Scotland (population 150,000) since 1988 and researched Robert Dollar for a magazine article. He provided a history of the life of Philanthropist Robert Dollar that included his many travels, shipping businesses and family life. Mr. Dollar passed away in 1932 and his legacy has been well documented in various Countries. David Blane-Smith also advised that he will be speaking with representatives of Falkirk, in order to present the idea of Twinning with the Town of Midland. Bill Smith provided a power point of various pictures of Robert Dollar he has collected including pictures of his home in Bracebridge. The Chair thanked Mr. Blane Smith for providing a very interesting and informative presentation to the Committee.
4. REVIEW OF REPORT OF THE MEETING HELD ON MAY 12, 2015 The Report of Tuesday, May 12, 2015 meeting was reviewed and amended. On a Motion by Member Hackstetter and Seconded by Member Scarth That the Report of Tuesday, May 12, 2015 be approved as amended.
CARRIED. 5. UNFINISHED BUSINESS
A) Heritage Committee Workplan
Committee had discussion and concurred that the meeting will be scheduled in the Fall. B) Plaque Presentation – St. Margaret’s Church Plaque has been prepared by Riverside Brass and a plaque presentation will be scheduled. Once a date is chosen, Committee will be advised. The Chair will work with Staff to contact the Church and arrange a date. 6. ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION A) Calendar Sub-Committee – verbal update L. Quin noted that the Committee has met and provided an update regarding the Status. The Calendar will be highlighting the murals located in the Town. A power point presentation
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was provided of a Draft of the Calendar with photos. Sponsorship letters have been sent out and there are 2 confirmed sponsors to-date. Member Hackstetter advised that he had permission from Hudson Leavens to use photos he had taken of the murals and will provide the photos to Staff. Sub-Committee will meet again to review the Draft. 7. HERITAGE INVENTORY AND REGISTRY
A) History of Ownership - 342 King Street and 367 Hugel Avenue
Committee reviewed a copy of the Title Search for each property which shows the chain of ownership. Staff will further investigate the properties and prepare a Report to Committee at a later date.
8. FOR INFORMATION
A) May 27, 2015 correspondence to The Monarchist League of Canada re: September 9, 2015 Celebration of Queen’s Reign – Noted and Filed.
9. OTHER BUSINESS A) Committee summer Schedule
Committee concurred that there will be no regular meetings scheduled for July and August and if a meeting is required to review the ARA draft report regarding the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery it will be at the Call of the Chair.
B) Member Ute-Schmid Jones advised that she will be submitting her resignation as she
is moving to the Stoney Creek area. The Chair thanked Ms. Schmid-Jones for her time and contribution to the Heritage Committee and wished her all the best in her future endeavours.
10. ADJOURNMENT On a Motion by Member Templeton the meeting was adjourned at 9:20 p.m. ____________________________ ____________________________
Sue McKenzie, Chair Sherri Edgar, Recording Secretary
Heritage Restoration and Promotion Plan
William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
Lot 101, Concession 1
Tiny Township, Old Survey
Now
The Town of Midland
Simcoe County, Ontario
Prepared for
Town of Midland
Planning and Building Services
575 Dominion Avenue
Midland, ON L4R 1R2
By
Archaeological Research Associates Ltd.
154 Otonabee Drive
Kitchener, ON N2C 1L6
Tel: (519) 804-2291 Fax: (519) 286-0493
&
Seferian Design Group
761 Brant Street, Suite 202
Burlington, ON L7R 2H7
Tel: (905) 634-3110
Project# HR-067-2015
02/09/2015
Original Report
Funding Provided By:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 1
1.1 Cemetery Location 1
1.2 Vision 5
1.3 Cultural Heritage Value or Interest 6
1.4 Previous Work 7
1.4.1 Archaeology 7
1.4.2 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 7
2.0 METHODS 7
2.1 Key Concepts 7
2.2 Protecting Heritage Resources in Ontario 9
2.3 Conservation Principles 10
2.4 Approach 12
2.4.1 Historical Research 12
2.4.2 Field Survey 12
2.4.3 Consultation 13
2.5 Town of Midland’s Official Plan 13
2.6 Limitations 17
2.7 Conclusion 17
3.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 18
3.1 Pioneer Cemetery Development 18
3.2 Penetanguishene Road Connection 19
3.3 William Wilson Biography 23
3.4 William Wilson Land Use 24
3.5 William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery 25
3.6 Recommendations for More Research 28
4.0 CONDITION ASSESSMENT 28
4.1 Environment 28
4.2 Vegetation 29
4.3 pH Levels 30
4.4 Current Conditions: Limestone Gravestone 31
4.5 Current Conditions: Marble Gravestone 32
4.7 Access to the Site 33
4.8 Future Considerations 33
5.0 RESTORATION 34
5.1 Immediate Recommended Stabilization Measures 34
5.1.1 Limestone Gravestone 34
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5.1.2 Marble Gravestone 34
5.2 Feedback on Long-Term Conservation 35
5.3 Restoration of the Extant Limestone Gravestone and Stone Base 35
5.4 Preservation of the Marble Gravestone Fragments 36
6.0 ARCHAEOLOGY 36
7.0 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT 37
7.1 Opportunities and Constraints 37
7.2 Management Goals and Objectives 38
7.2.1 Understory Cleanup 38
7.2.2 Woodlot Edge Planting 39
7.2.3 Hazard Tree Monitoring and Tree Removals 39
7.2.4 Native Species Introduction 40
8.0 PLANTINGS 40
9.0 FENCING 41
10.0 MAINTENANCE 45
10.1 Limestone Gravestone, Marble Gravestone and Stone Socket Base 45
10.2 Woodlot Monitoring 46
11.0 ADDITIONAL CEMETERY FEATURES 46
11.1 Commemoration 47
11.2 Entrance Signage 47
11.3 Benches 47
12.0 PROMOTION 51
12.1 Analysis of Needs and Opportunities 51
12.2 Interpretive Plaques 52
12.3 Brochure 54
12.4 Website 54
12.5 Event Participation 55
12.6 Lesson Plan 55
13.0 IMPLEMENTATION 55
13.1 Resources for Implementation 55
13.1.1 Volunteer Participation 55
13.1.2 Partnerships 56
13.2 Concept Plan 56
13.3 Implementation Schedule 58
14.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 60
15.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 61
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LIST OF IMAGES
Image 1: William Wilson 23
Image 2: Transcription of the Wood Family Headstone 26
Image 3: View of Gravestone at William Wilson Cemetery 27
Image 4: Midland Temperature Averages from 1981–2010 29
Image 5: Midland Precipitation Averages from 1981–2010 29
Image 6: Gravestone Location 30
Image 7: Limestone Gravestone 31
Image 8: Marble Gravestone Fragments 32
Image 9: Stone Base with Socket 33
Image 10: Excerpt from the Town of Midland Official Plan 34
Image 11: An example of a fallen tree 38
Image 12: Sugar Maple tree with damaged branches 40
Image 13: Example of Split Rail Fencing 43
Image 14: Example of Split Rail Fencing 43
Image 15: Example of Wrought Iron Fencing 44
Image 16: Example of Wrought Iron Fencing 44
Image 17: Example of Wrought Iron and Plantings 45
Image 18: Stone Obelisk, Woodlawn Cemetery, City of Guelph 48
Image 19: Commemorative Plaque, Woodlawn Cemetery, City of Guelph 48
Image 20: Sign at Bronte Cemetery, Town of Oakville 49
Image 21: Sign at Old Durham Road Pioneer Cemetery, Grey County 49
Image 22: Stone Bench, Woodlawn Cemetery, City of Guelph 50
Image 23: Wood Bench 50
Image 24: Example Interpretative Plaque at Bronte Pioneer Cemetery, Oakville 54
Image 25: Concept Plan for the William Wilson Cemetery 57
Image 26: Melancthon United, Gravel Road and Presbyterian Mono College Cemetery 79
Image 27: Before and After Restoration 80
Image 28: Gravestone Replica 81
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LIST OF MAPS
Map 1: The Project Location in the Province of Ontario 2
Map 2: The Project Location in the Town of Midland 3
Map 3: Detailed Location of William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery 4
Map 4: Hogg’s Map of the County of Simcoe (1871), Showing the Study Area 21
Map 5: Detail from H. Belden’s “Simcoe Supplement” from the Illustrated Atlas of the
Dominion of Canada. (1881), Showing the Study Area 22
Map 6: GPR Survey – Depth Slice 37–110 cm 72
Map 7: GPR Survey – Interpretation 72
Map 8: GPR Survey – Interpretation 73
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: pH Readings 30
Table 2: Results of Feedback on Fencing from Public Open House 42
Table 3: Results of Feedback on Fencing from Municipal Heritage Committee 42
Table 4: Feedback Results on Communication Methods for Target Groups 51
Table 5: Interpretive Plaque Concepts 53
Table 6: Implementation Timeline and Resources 58
Table 7: Analysis of Option 1 79
Table 8: Analysis of Option 2 80
Table 9: Analysis of Option 3 81
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Designation By-law 65
Appendix B: GPR Results 72
Appendix C: Notice of Public Open House 74
Appendix D: Immediate Preservation Measures 75
Appendix E: Personnel Suitable for Common Repair Work 77
Appendix F: Temporary Burying of Stone Fragments 78
Appendix G: Conservation Options 79
Appendix H: Selecting and Employing a Conservator In Canada 82
Appendix I: CVs of Key Team Members 85
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GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS
ARA – Archaeological Research Associates Ltd.
BHR – Built Heritage Resource
CAC – Canadian Association for Conservation
CAPA – Canadian Association of Professional Conservators
CHL – Cultural Heritage Landscape
CHVI – Cultural Heritage Value or Interest
CWS – Canadian Wildlife Service
MBCA – Migratory Birds Convention Act
MBR – Migratory Bird Regulations
MHC – Municipal Heritage Committee
MTCS – Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport
OHA – Ontario Heritage Act
OHT – Ontario Heritage Trust
O. Reg. – Ontario Regulation
PPS – Provincial Policy Statement
PERSONNEL
Project Director: P.J. Racher, M.A. (#P007), CAHP
Project Managers: K. Jonas Galvin, B.E.S., CAHP and A. Carswell B.A, D.CCM
Landscape Architect: Brad Smith, OALA, CSLA, ASLA
Conservator: A. Carswell
Photography: A. Carswell and K. Jonas Galvin
Cartographer: K. Brightwell, P.G. (GIS)
Technical Writers: J. McDermid, B.A., C. Gohm, B.A. (#R187)
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1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT
Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. (ARA) and Seferian Design Group (SDG) were
retained by the Town of Midland to carry out a Cemetery Restoration and Promotion Plan for the
William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery. The purpose of the project is to create a high-level, long-term
vision for the cemetery.
The project includes both an investigation into the physical restoration of the site and a
management plan framework for its future maintenance, along with a Promotion Plan to increase
awareness of one of Huronia’s first European cemeteries and its ties to local military history.
Some recommendations can be undertaken with current knowledge and resources, whereas the
implementation of other recommendations will require additional resources.
The project was guided by the Midland Municipal Heritage Committee (MHC) comprised of the
following individuals:
Sue McKenzie – Chair
Jack Wilford
Alicia Scarth
Lorelei Blane-Smith
Rene Hackstetter
Stephen Whittington
Stephen Marks
Cathy Smith
Mary Templeton
Deputy Mayor Mike Ross
The project was also graciously funded by the Ontario Trillium Foundation, without whose
assistance the story of the William Wilson Cemetery and its true importance to the history of the
area would not have been told.
ARA, SDG and the Midland MHC would also like to provide a special acknowledge of the
efforts and encouragement of Marg Thomson in collecting her history of the Cemetery and
tirelessly promoting the restoration and celebration of this important historic site.
1.1 Cemetery Location
The cemetery’s municipal address is 17007 Highway 12. It was designated by the Town of
Midland 2009 under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act for its cultural heritage value and
interest (By-law 2009-85).
The cemetery is registered, listed as Site #03905 under licence # 4699320 – The Corporation of
the Town of Midland (formerly under Tiny Township). According to the Registrar of the Funeral,
Burial and Cremation Services Act (2002) it is considered an “inactive” site.
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The cemetery is situated on Part of Lot 101, Concession 1, Tiny Township, Old Survey, now in
the Town of Midland (described as Part 2, Reference Plan 51R-20847; PIN 584630026). It is
located west of an unopened section of Penetanguishene Road, north of Highway 12 and east of
County Road 93 (see Map 1–Map 3). The property consists of an approximately one acre parcel,
conveyed to the Town of Midland in 2010 by the Diocese of Toronto, Anglican Church of
Canada.
The cemetery property currently includes a woodlot along its north and east extents, an open
field, 24 possible graves and one extant gravestone. Currently, the only access to the property is
from the former Penetanguishene Road, now used as a snowmobile trail.
Map 1: The Project Location in the Province of Ontario
(NRC 2002)
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Map 2: The Project Location in the Town of Midland
(Produced by ARA under licence using ArcGIS® software by Esri, © Esri 2015)
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Map 3: Detailed Location of William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
(Provided by Town of Midland 2015)
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1.2 Vision
As a first step in guiding the preparation of this report, a group-distilled vision was created. The
kick-off Meeting was held at Town Hall on May 12, 2015 at 5 pm. The exercises and discussions
were led by Kayla Jonas Galvin. Eleven participants were in attendance representing key
stakeholders, including: members of the Municipal Heritage Committee (MHC), town staff and
invited guests.
The meeting began with a brainstorming session. Next, the participants were asked to list
relevant adjectives for the cemetery as they imagine it in ten years. The following is a list of
adjectives meant to guide and inform the plan:
Accessible/Inviting
Preserved/Protected
Distinct
Peaceful/Serene/Quiet/Tranquil
Reflective
Respectful/Honouring/Appreciated/Cherished
Educational/Stories/Informative (descriptive of history and significance)
Sacred/Hallowed
Link/Connection/Well-known/Recognized/Well-signed
Reclaimed
Natural space
The next topic of discussion was centred on the intended message. The question put forth was
about who the participants thought would be the target audience for a restored William Wilson
Cemetery and what message they wanted the cemetery to convey. The consensus was that the
target audience might comprise all age groups and interests. This includes: residents interested in
heritage, students participating in school field trips, tourists interested in heritage (those touring
old Penetanguishene Road and/or interested in military history), anyone happening across the
site (such as passers-by on the snowmobile/hiking trail), family historians, genealogical
researchers, and film crews/story tellers.
The participants at the kick-off meeting agreed that they want visitors to come away from a visit
to the cemetery feeling connected to the past. The interpretive materials should convey that the
land and settlement of the area has a long, interesting past. Engaging stories of specific pioneers
and their families will help visitors understand that pioneer lives mattered and still matter today.
This connection with local lore and oral history can be carried on through each visitor as they re-
tell the stories of the William Wilson Cemetery pioneers. The cemetery should create awareness
that there is hidden heritage everywhere. The cemetery will keep heritage relevant by
maintaining stories of Midland’s past at the forefront of the community’s consciousness. Linking
the William Wilson Cemetery as an extension of the Discovery Harbour site will help attract
more visitors.
After the above brainstorming activities, the participants were asked to draft a Vision Statement.
The following statement is an inclusive summary of the groups’ ideas:
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The designated William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery is a
respectfully accessible connection to the past within a
tranquil, natural space which honours the pioneers of the
area and their stories; inspiring community members and
visitors alike to share these stories with others.
1.3 Cultural Heritage Value or Interest
The William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery has been recognized as a significant cultural heritage
resource in the Town of Midland. The reasons for designation and heritage attributes can be
found in Appendix A. The heritage attributes are as follows:
To ensure that the cultural heritage value of this property is conserved, certain
heritage attributes that contribute to its value have been identified specifically
and they include:
Design/Physical Value:
Representative example of a “pioneer” cemetery
All tombstones, grave markers and tombstone fragments, graves and
gravesites
Historical/Associative Value:
Spiritual value as the burial site of an indeterminate number of mid-19th
century and early 20th century persons
Associative value reflecting the history of the Penetanguishene Road
Association with the area’s early residents
Contextual Value:
All landscaping elements including elevation, trees and shrubs
Rural character of the site
Archaeological potential including all burials and the site of William
Wilson’s homestead
Landscape reflects the relationship between people and place, forming part of the setting to our
everyday lives. It is a product of the interaction of the natural and cultural components of our
environment, and how they are understood and experienced by people. The William Wilson
Pioneer Cemetery has a strong landscape character. Using the Ministry of Culture’s definitions of
landscapes, it can be considered an evolved landscape and is currently a relic landscape – the
evolutionary process has come to an end (MCL 2006b). The cemetery landscape may become a
continuing landscape (ongoing evolution) with restoration and use by the community.
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1.4 Previous Work
1.4.1 Archaeology
A 36 acre property east of Penetanguishene Road and north of Highway 12 was subject to a
Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment by ARA in 1996-1997. The assessment excluded the
William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery, a 1 acre parcel of land in the northeast corner of the subject
property (ARA 1999b:3).
The archaeological assessment was carried out in advance of the development of a golf driving
range, miniature golf course and associated clubhouse. In April 1997, the assessment utilized
both pedestrian and test pit survey methods, as appropriate. The study identified no
archaeological sites. It was recommended the golf course construction may proceed based on the
1996 development plan as no archaeological or heritage resources would be affected. It should be
noted that ARA also recommended that if lands adjacent to the cemetery are to be developed in
the future, that a Stage 3 assessment should be completed (ARA 1999b:4).
1.4.2 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
In the interest of promoting the mandate of heritage preservation under authority of the Ontario
Heritage Act, Midland MHC retained Global GPR Services to conduct a geophysical survey to
map the spatial positions of possible burial sites on the property. With a Historical and Cultural
Grant through the County of Simcoe, a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey of a 62 x 62 m
area defined by the Town of Midland was conducted at a 1 m interval June 25–26, 2012. Data
could not be collected in areas of heavy undergrowth, precluding an exhaustive study (see
Appendix B). The area was surveyed to a depth of 2.5 m. Numerous high reflectivity anomalies
were defined that could infer the presence of interments, and one long and shallow (0.75 m deep)
corridor of higher reflectivity traversing the southwestern third of the test area, indicating a pipe.
Global GPR Services analysed the findings and concluded there are at least 24 burials. The
burials were between 1.5 m to 2.2 m to the bottom of the burial (GGPR 2012).
2.0 METHODS
2.1 Key Concepts
The following concepts require clear definition in advance of the methodological overview;
proper understanding is fundamental for any discussion pertaining to cultural heritage resources:
Cultural Heritage Value or Interest (CHVI), also referred to as Heritage Value, is
identified if a property meets one of the criteria outlined in O. Reg. 9/06 and 10/06
namely historic or associate value, design or physical value and/or contextual value.
Built Heritage Resource (BHR) can be defined as: “a building, structure, monument,
installation or any manufactured remnant that contributes to a property’s cultural heritage
value or interest as identified by a community, including an Aboriginal community. Built
heritage resources are generally located on property that has been designated under Parts
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IV or V of the Ontario Heritage Act, or included on local, provincial and/or federal
registers” (MMAH 2014:40).
Cultural Heritage Landscape (CHL) is defined in the Provincial Policy Statement
(PPS) as: “a defined geographical area that may have been modified by human activity
and is identified as having cultural heritage value or interest by a community, including
an Aboriginal community. The area may involve features such as structures, spaces,
archaeological sites or natural elements that are valued together for their interrelationship,
meaning or association. Examples may include, but are not limited to, heritage
conservation districts designated under the Ontario Heritage Act; villages, parks,
gardens, battlefields, mainstreets and neighbourhoods, cemeteries, trailways, viewsheds,
natural areas and industrial complexes of heritage significance; and areas recognized by
federal or international designation authorities (e.g., a National Historic Site or District
designation, or a UNESCO World Heritage Site)” (MMAH 2014:40).
Heritage Attributes are defined in the Ontario Heritage Act as: “the principal features or
elements that contribute to a protected heritage property’s cultural heritage value or
interest, and may include the property’s built or manufactured elements, as well as natural
landforms, vegetation, water features, and its visual setting (including significant views
or vistas to or from a protected heritage property means, in relation to real property, and
to the buildings and structures on the real property, the attributes of the property,
buildings and structures that contribute to their cultural heritage value or interest”
(Government of Ontario 2009).
Conservation is “all actions or processes that are aimed at safeguarding the character-
defining elements of an historic place so as to retain its heritage value and extend its
physical life. This may involve Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, or a
combination of these actions or processes” (Parks Canada 2010:16).
Preservation means “the action or process of protecting, maintaining, and/or stabilizing
the existing materials, form, and integrity of an historic place, or of an individual
component, while protecting its heritage value.” (Parks Canada 2010:16).
Rehabilitation is outlined as “the action or process of making possible a continuing or
compatible contemporary use of an historic place, or an individual component, while
protecting its heritage value” (Parks Canada 2010:16).
Restoration “involves accurately revealing, recovering or representing the state of an
historic place or individual component as it appeared at a particular period in its history,
while protecting its heritage value” (Parks Canada 2010:16).
Stabilizing means “stabilizing deteriorated miscellaneous materials by structural
reinforcement and weather protection, or correcting unsafe conditions, as required, until
repair work is undertaken” (Parks Canada 2010:248).
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Preventative Conservation is "All actions taken to mitigate deterioration and damage to
cultural property. This is achieved through the formulation and implementation of
policies and procedures in areas such as lighting, environmental conditions, air quality,
integrated pest management; handling, packing and transport, exhibition, storage,
maintenance, use, security, fire protection, and emergency preparedness and response”
(CAC and CAPC 2009:14).
Risk Levels within the scope of the project, the deterioration forms were classified low
risk, medium risk, and high risk to reflect the likelihood of future deterioration:
o High risk: Probable deterioration in the immediate future (next two years), if
stabilization measures are not followed.
o Moderate Risk: Probable deterioration in the next three to five years, if
stabilization measures are not followed.
o Low Risk: Deterioration is unlikely in the next 5 to 10 years, if stabilization
measures are not followed.
pH is a "Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution” (Selwyn 2004:203).
2.2 Protecting Heritage Resources in Ontario
BHRs and CHLs are broadly referred to as cultural heritage resources. The types of protection
and recognition applied in Ontario can apply to both BHRs and CHLs.
Protected properties are those protected by Part IV (individual properties) or Part V (Heritage
Conservation District) designation under the Ontario Heritage Act (OHA). Once designated, a
property cannot be altered or demolished without the permission of the local council. A cultural
heritage resource may also be protected through a municipal or Ontario Heritage Trust (OHT)
easement. Many heritage committees and historical societies provide plaques for local places of
interest. Under Section 27 of the OHA, a municipality must also keep a Municipal Heritage
Register. A Register lists designated properties as well as other properties of cultural heritage
value or interest in the municipality. Properties on this list that are not formally designated are
commonly referred to as “listed”. Listed properties are flagged for planning purposes and are
afforded a 60 day delay in demolition if a demolition request is received.
In order to objectively identify cultural heritage resources, O. Reg. 9/06 made under the OHA
sets out three principal criteria with nine sub-criteria for determining CHVI (MCL 2006a:20–27).
The criteria set out in the regulation were developed to identify and evaluate properties for
designation under the OHA. These criteria include: design or physical value, historical or
associative value and contextual value.
Design or Physical Value manifests when a feature:
is a rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or
construction method;
when it displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic value; or
when it displays a high degree of technical or scientific achievement.
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Historical or Associative Value appears when a resource has:
direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution
that is significant to the community;
yields or has the potential to yield information that contributes to the understanding of a
community or culture; or
demonstrates or reflects work or ideas of an architect, builder, artist, designer or theorist
who is significant to the community.
Contextual Value is implied when a feature:
is important in defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area;
is physically, functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings; or
is a landmark.
If a potential cultural heritage resource (BHR or CHL) is found to meet any one of these criteria,
it can then be considered an identified resource. The William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery has been
recognized as a resource with cultural heritage value or interest through By-law 2009-85.
Each heritage resource must then be examined to determine the list of heritage attributes.
Heritage attributes are the physical elements of a property that must be conserved to maintain the
CHVI. The Restoration and Promotion Plan focuses on the conservation of the identified heritage
attributes of the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery in its designation By-law.
2.3 Conservation Principles
Before interventions for historic material can be determined, the condition of the material must
be documented in what is known as a Condition Assessment. This documentation process often
begins with a visual assessment. When applied to a cemetery setting, the process includes: 1) a
site survey; 2) recording material type, historical data and photography; 3) performing a
condition survey which includes the recording of deterioration, determining and understanding
failure mechanisms; and 4) establishing site and marker significance (Anson-Cartwright
2003:22).
Following a Condition Assessment, the amount and type of intervention to historic sites and
materials can be determined. The interventions must take into account the best practices of the
conservation community.
Parks Canada’s Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada
lists ten “General Standards for Preservation, Rehabilitation and Restoration”:
1) Conserve the heritage value of an historic place. Do not remove, replace or substantially
alter its intact or repairable character defining elements. Do not move a part of an historic
place if its current location is a character-defining element.
2) Conserve changes to an historic place that, over time, have become character-defining
elements in their own right.
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3) Conserve heritage value by adopting an approach calling for minimal intervention.
4) Recognize each historic place as a physical record of its time, place and use. Do not
create a false sense of historical development by adding elements from other historic
places or other properties, or by combining features of the same property that never
coexisted.
5) Find a use for an historic place that requires minimal or no change to its character-
defining elements.
6) Protect and, if necessary, stabilize an historic place until any subsequent intervention is
undertaken.
7) Protect and preserve archaeological resources in place. Where there is potential for
disturbing archaeological resources, take mitigation measures to limit damage and loss of
information.
8) Evaluate the existing condition of character-defining elements to determine the
appropriate intervention needed. Use the gentlest means possible for any intervention.
Respect heritage value when undertaking an intervention.
9) Maintain character-defining elements on an ongoing basis. Repair character-defining
elements by reinforcing their materials using recognized conservation methods. Replace
in kind any extensively deteriorated or missing parts of character-defining elements,
where there are surviving prototypes.
10) Make any intervention needed to preserve character-defining elements physically and
visually compatible with the historic place and identifiable on close inspection.
Document any intervention for future reference.
Two additional standards are noted for Restoration:
1) Repair rather than replace character-defining elements from the restoration period. Where
character-defining elements are too severely deteriorated to repair and where sufficient
physical evidence exists, replace them with new elements that match the forms, materials
and detailing of sound versions of the same elements.
2) Replace missing features from the restoration period with new features whose forms,
materials and detailing are based on sufficient physical, documentary and/or oral
evidence.
The Canadian Association for Conservation of Cultural Property (CAC) and Canadian
Association of Professional Conservators’ (CAPC) document Code of Ethics and Guidance for
Practice parallels the standards laid out in the Parks Canada Standards and Guidelines. The
Code of Ethics document outlines "the fundamental role of the conservation professional...to
preserve and to restore, as appropriate, cultural property for present and future generations..."
(CAC and CAPC 2009:1).
The Ministry of Culture’s Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage
Properties (2007) also echoes these standards. They include: 1) respect for documentary
evidence; 2) respect for original location; 3) respect for historic material; 4) respect for original
fabric; 5) respect for the building’s history; 6) reversibility; 7) legibility; and 8) maintenance.
The goal of this Restoration Plan is to preserve the site's heritage attributes in a manner that is
consistent with the principles outlined in the standards and industry best practices listed above.
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Well-Preserved: The Ontario Heritage Foundation’s Manual of Principles and Practice for
Architectural Conservation by Mark Fram advocates: “conservation work should proceed in a
logical order that deals with serious deterioration, structural weakness, and other high-priority
items before less urgent repairs or finish work” (1998:50). As such, the Restoration Plan outlines
recommended stabilization measures based on standard practice and ethical guidelines and have
been given approximate time-frames for completion.
Fram also notes that the “building and sites should be inspected regularly, at half-yearly and
yearly intervals for some items and features, at longer intervals for others. Such inspections
should be part and parcel of maintenance programs for those places” (1998:68). This report
considers similar actions for on-going maintenance of the cemetery.
2.4 Approach
A combination of background research, consultation with the local community and field survey
is essential to effectively record, assess the condition and present recommendations for the
conservation of properties with CHVI in a meaningful and objective format.
2.4.1 Historical Research
Background information was obtained from historical maps (e.g., illustrated atlases), archival
sources (e.g., historical publications and records), published secondary sources (online and
print), information provided by the Town of Midland, information from Discovery Harbour and
materials gathered by Marg Thomson. In addition, previous research completed by ARA
included a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment, as well as a historical research document
about the cemetery. Conducting additional primary research was beyond the scope of this
project.
2.4.2 Field Survey
A field survey was conducted on May 12, 2015. The survey involved taking photographs of the
site and grave markers, as well as completing a Condition Assessment of the extant grave
marker. The report includes documentation of the materials, dimensions, description and history
of the marker, noted deterioration, environmental surroundings, as well as pH readings. This
preliminary examination follows professional standards and practices that are supported by
Conservation Science: Heritage Materials by E. May and M. Jones and Landscape of Memories:
A Guide for Conserving Historic Cemeteries by T. Anson-Cartwright.
The project’s Landscape Architect conducted a vegetation inventory by visually surveying the
trees and vegetation on site. Leaf samples were collected and cross referenced with plant-based
literature and a certified arborist (full member of the International Society of Arboriculture). The
diameters of mature vegetation were measured using a caliper to obtain their d.b.h. (diameter at
breast height).
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2.4.3 Consultation
The key to determining and preserving community value of cultural heritage resources is
consultation with the local community. At project commencement, ARA consulted with the Town
of Midland to obtain all existing documentation relating to the William Wilson Pioneer
Cemetery.
A meeting was held with the Town of Midland Municipal Heritage Committee on May 12, 2015.
Eleven participants including committee members were present, as well as an invited
stakeholder. At this meeting the group was led through a facilitated exercise to develop their
collective vision for the cemetery as well as provide initial feedback on: the vegetation plan,
fencing, restoration options, and access to the site.
A crucial part of the project is engaging the public as key stakeholders. A Public Open House
was held June 16, 2015 from 3–6 pm at Town Hall. Notice of the event was provided by the
Town to neighbours, placed on the Town’s website and advertised in the local newspaper. A copy
of the notice can be found in Appendix C.
Attendees were invited to provide feedback on three project components: 1) Conservation
Options (vote for one of Options 1–3); 2) Fencing Options (vote for one of Options 1–6); and
Promotion Plan (provide feedback on communication methods). Twelve people attended the
Public Open House and provided feedback through two surveys.
A MHC meeting was held on June 16, 2015 following the Public Open House. The committee
members were asked to complete the same surveys as the public; the results of each round of
input were tallied and presented to the group. A discussion was held on each of components to
finalize the direction provided to the consultant team.
The results of these consultations inform the content of this document.
2.5 Town of Midland’s Official Plan
The Town of Midland’s Official Plan (2014), Section 5.0 provides policies for the protection of
cultural heritage properties and archaeological resources, the role of the MHC and tools for
conservation. Specifically, they outline:
5.1.1 The maintenance of the Municipality’s cultural heritage will contribute
to the Town’s character by balancing the impact of new development and
redevelopment with the integrity of existing heritage resources. It is the
intent of the Plan that the Town’s cultural heritage resources be
conserved and preserved wherever possible and that development should
occur in a manner, which respects the Town’s heritage. The cultural
heritage resources of the Town include: archaeological sites of historic
and prehistoric origins, buildings and structural remains of historical
and architectural value, rural and urban areas that are of historic and
scenic interest, and cultural heritage landscapes. The objectives of this
policy are the following:
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5.1.1.1 To discourage the demolition, destruction or inappropriate alteration or
use of cultural heritage resources;
5.1.1.2 To encourage development, which is adjacent to significant cultural
heritage resources to be of an appropriate scale and character;
5.1.1.3 To consult and seek the advice of the Midland Heritage Committee
(LACAC) when making decisions regarding cultural heritage;
5.1.1.4 To encourage and foster public awareness, participation and involvement
in the preservation, improvement and utilization of cultural heritage
resources;
5.1.1.5 To support the creation of a heritage resource information base, resulting
in comprehensive heritage site inventories and heritage master plans.
The role of the Municipal Heritage Committee is described as follows:
5.2.1 A Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee
(LACAC/Midland Heritage Committee) may be established to advise and
assist Council in matters related to cultural heritage conservation,
including matters related to Parts IV and V of the Ontario Heritage Act
or successor legislation. The Heritage Committee or any other committee
may prepare, publish and monitor an inventory of cultural heritage
resources, undertake public awareness programs, advise and assist
Council to implement the provisions of this section, and participate in
duties specified in Schedule ‘A’ of By-law 89- 42, as amended, or its
successors. In particular the Committee shall:
5.2.1.1 Be prepared to consider and advise on the conservation of cultural
heritage resources throughout the Town;
5.2.1.2 Adhere to the Ontario Heritage Act or any successor legislation as well
as guidelines and procedures which may be established by the Ministry
of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation or other appropriate guidelines;
5.2.1.3 Be prepared to act in a review and advisory capacity during the
development planning process to assist in the accomplishment of the
heritage conservation goals and objectives outlined in this plan;
5.2.1.4 Advise Council on measures to enhance public appreciation of cultural
heritage features including studies, surveys or other methods to
formulate;
5.2.1.5 To implement plans and programs that promote public awareness and
conservation of cultural heritage resources.
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With regard to heritage designation, the Official Plan states:
5.2.2.1 Pursuant to the Ontario Heritage Act, and in consultation with the
Midland Heritage Committee, Council may, by by-law: a) Designate
properties to be of historic and/or architectural value or interest. b)
Define the Town, or any area or areas within the Town as an area to be
examined for designation as a Heritage Conservation District. c)
Designate the Town, or any area or areas within the Town, as a Heritage
Conservation District.
5.2.2.2 The identification of the Town’s cultural heritage resources will comprise
an important component of the preservation process. Council may direct
and cause to be prepared and published, an inventory of identified
significant resources including buildings, structures, monuments or
artifacts of historical and/or prehistoric value or interest and areas of
unique, rare or effective urban composition, streetscape, landscape or
archaeological value or interest. The listed resources will be described,
documented and evaluated according to an established heritage resource
evaluation criterion formulated by the Midland Heritage Committee and
adopted by Council.
5.2.2.3 To assist in the preparation of the inventory and the future identification of
other cultural heritage resources, Council may encourage both the public
and private sectors to undertake analysis and/or surveys to identify sites
of archaeological and historic significance.
With specific reference to archaeological resources:
5.2.2.4 Council recognizes that there may be archaeological remnants of
prehistoric and early historic habitation as well as archaeological
potential areas within the Town. Council may require an archaeological
survey, impact assessment, preservation or rescue excavation of
significant archaeological Town of Midland Official Plan resources and
areas having archaeological potential which might be affected in any
(CM#3) development, in co-operation with the Ministry of Citizenship,
Culture and Recreation or the appropriate government agency;
5.2.2.5 All archaeological impact assessments and impact mitigation reports are
to be undertaken by archaeologists licensed under the Ontario Heritage
Act, in compliance with guidelines set out by the Ministry of Citizenship,
Culture and Recreation or the appropriate government agency having
jurisdiction;
5.2.2.6 Council may adopt by-laws for prohibiting any land use activities on a
site, which is a significant archaeological resource. In addition, there is
the potential for co-operation with the Ministry of Citizenship, Culture
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and Recreation or the appropriate government agency in conserving and
designating resources of archaeological value pursuant to Part VI of the
Ontario Heritage Act or any successor legislation.
Other conservation tools are described as:
5.2.2.7 When heritage properties, features and districts are affected by
development proposals, Council may require a heritage impact
statement;
5.2.2.8 Council may support the preparation of a Heritage Master Plan, which is
undertaken by heritage consultants including individuals licensed under
the Ontario Heritage Act or any successor legislation. The Heritage
Master Plan will identify and map cultural heritage resources including
known provincially registered archaeological sites including Ste. Marie
Among the Hurons, (CM#11) areas having archaeological potential,
designated and listed heritage buildings including the Martyrs’ Shrine
(CM#11), features, landscapes or districts. A Heritage Master Plan will
also outline policies, programs and strategies to conserve significant
cultural heritage resources;
5.2.2.9 Council may employ relevant legislation to encourage the preservation
and enhancement of cultural heritage resources, which may include the
Heritage Act, the Planning Act, the Municipal Act, the Environmental
Assessment Act, and the Aggregate Resources Act;
5.2.2.10 It is the intent of this Plan to encourage the restoration or rehabilitation
of identified heritage resources. Accordingly, Council may use available
Government and non-government funding programs and may pass by-
laws providing for the making of grants or loans where such alteration
will serve to protect or enhance the heritage resource. Financial
assistance may occur through a Heritage Trust Fund and/or public and
private donations;
5.2.2.11 Council may investigate and initiate methods to provide incentives.
Incentives may include increased density provisions, Site Plan Control
provisions and/or relief from parking requirements;
5.2.2.12 In the heritage designation of property under Parts IV and V of the
Ontario Heritage Act, the Midland Heritage Committee and Council will
ensure that landowners are informed about all aspects of heritage
conservation measures, which may affect the subject property or
buildings;
5.2.2.13 To give effect to these policies, Council may institute a procedure for
demolition review and may consider heritage easement agreements;
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5.2.2.14 In regard to major public works and any designated heritage properties
under municipal control, Council will have regard to these heritage
policies
2.6 Limitations
The information and recommendations in this Restoration and Promotion Plan reflect our best
judgement based on observed conditions. We cannot guarantee that all condition problems have
been encountered during preparation of the report, or that unreported conditions will not develop
after the report has been submitted.
Implementation of suggested stabilization, tree and vegetation management, as well as
maintenance measures may require the expertise of additional fields, including arborists,
conservators, monument builders, contractors, and licenced archaeologists etc. to ensure
compliance with the relevant legislations.
2.7 Conclusion
In response to the above-mentioned requirements, this Restoration and Promotion Plan was
designed with nine component parts:
1) Project introduction with the reasons for a Restoration and Promotion Plan;
2) Location plan of the property;
3) Synthesis of previously identified heritage value and heritage attributes;
4) Analysis of the existing environment and heritage resource condition based on an on-
site visual inspection;
5) Description of the recommended alternatives with steps necessary for stabilization
and restoration;
6) Tree management and vegetation plan;
7) Fencing suggestions;
8) Outline of possible avenues through which to communicate the value of the cemetery
to community; and
9) Recommendations for a implementing the restoration and promotion of the cemetery.
This approach is supported by the guidelines and policies provided by the following:
Ontario Regulation 9/06 made under the Ontario Heritage Act;
Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada, 2nd Edition
(Parks Canada 2010);
Former Ministry of Culture’s Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built
Heritage Properties (2007);
Well-Preserved: The Ontario Heritage Foundation’s Manual of Principles and Practice
for Architectural Conservation (Fram 1998);
Landscape of Memories: A Guide for Conserving Historic Cemeteries (Cartwright 2003);
Conservation Science: Heritage Materials (May and Jones 2006)
Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, S.O. 2002, c. 33
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Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011)
The project was overseen by P.J. Racher, M.A., CAHP, #P007, Project Director and managed by
K. Jonas Galvin, B.E.S, CAHP, Heritage Operations Manager. The Condition Assessment and
stabilization measures were drafted by A. Carswell, B.A Hons, D.CCM, Conservator. Landscape
considerations were drafted by Brad Smith, OALA, CSLA, ASLA. Curriculum Vitae of these
key personnel can be found in Appendix I.
All notes, photographs and records pertaining to this report are currently housed in ARA’s head
office located at 154 Otonabee Drive, Kitchener.
3.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
3.1 Pioneer Cemetery Development
The importance of care and conservation of pioneer cemeteries is paramount to maintaining a
link with Ontario’s past. A link through which we may glean information about individuals,
families and communities. Such quiet and reflective cultural heritage landscapes, along with the
monuments and vegetation they harbour, hold stories about life in the past. Each pioneer
cemetery is unique and will tell different tales of past lifeways. Monument inscriptions, forms
and decoration can teach us about local history, medical history, cultural affiliations, religious
affiliations, local traditional stories, genealogy. The placement of the cemetery can tell us about
where there was a need, or where it was convenient for pioneers to lay their loved ones to rest.
“Ontario cemeteries are a tangible link to ordinary individuals as
well as famous people in our past. Many are an irreplaceable part
of the province's cultural heritage. Their cultural heritage
landscape, monuments and vegetation are part of our built
environment, with their own unique history, development, and
growth. Older cemeteries are a tangible link to ordinary
individuals as well as famous people in our past. The inscriptions
on their monuments instruct us about local, medical, and material
history, cultural geography, historical archaeology, folklore,
genealogy, and much more.” (MTCS 2015)
Most pioneer cemeteries in Ontario share some characteristics. Pioneers tended toward
naturalistic settings meant to attract and comfort the bereft as preferred space for their dead.
Cemeteries often started as family burial plots on private land, mostly as a matter of convenience
and a means by which the living may be close to the loved ones they have lost. Private pioneer
burial grounds were sometimes donated or deeded to churches or communities to be used as
community cemeteries. William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery is one such cemetery that started as a
family burying ground, and was deeded to the Anglican Church. A similar cemetery development
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was practiced in Innisfil where an acre of land was donated by John Pratt to the Church of
England where a church was erected and associated cemetery established in 1851 (Hunter n.d.).
Pioneer cemeteries are typically not designed landscapes, meaning assigned burial plots did not
exist. This haphazard method of burial resulted in a distinct distribution of graves. Instead of the
typical rows of burials found in planned cemeteries, pioneer cemeteries exhibit clustered burials.
From the GPR report, it can be noted that the burials shafts at William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
are not found in straight rows, but rather in clusters. These might represent family clusters.
Most pioneer cemeteries did not include formal landscaping such as curated vegetation or
designed paths. However, some pioneer-era cemeteries had fencing or a natural wooded
area/agricultural land separation to mark the division between the sacred and profane. A 1930
article in the Evening Telegram intimated that the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery was
bounded by trilliums, a wild-growing flower indigenous to Ontario that grows in forested areas
and blooms in the spring. The trillium was named the official provincial flower of Ontario in
1937. It is thought a trillium motif is present in the upper corners of the one extant grave marker
at William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery.
The William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery displays many characteristics typical of Pioneer
Cemeteries throughout Ontario. As such, it should be classified as a typical representative
example of an Ontario pioneer cemetery.
3.2 Penetanguishene Road Connection
York (now Toronto) and Penetanguishene were seen as important, strategically located frontiers
positioned on two key waterways: Lake Ontario to the south and Penetanguishene Bay in
Lake Huron to the north. As the founder of York as the capital of Upper Canada in 1792-1793,
Governor John Graves Simcoe recognized the potential for settlement that would connect the
two harbours as ideal places from which to defend Upper Canada (ARA 1999a:4).
In September 1793, Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe made the trek northward to
Lake Huron via Lake Simcoe. He wanted to experience the trek and determine the proximity of
the newly founded capital to Georgian Bay. Impressed by the naturally deep and protected
harbours afforded by the Matchedash and Penetanguishene Bays, Simcoe initiated the
Penetanguishene Purchase (Treaty#5, Upper Canada. In Indian Treaties and Surrenders 1680-
1890. Volume 1, pp. 15-17, Ottawa 1891), which was completed in 1798.
After Penetanguishene was chosen as the location for a British Naval Dockyard, Lieutenant
General Drummond, Commander in Chief of the British forces defending Upper Canada, gave
orders on November 22, 1813 to Commissary General George Crookshank to commence
opening a military road from Kempenfelt on Lake Simcoe to Penetanguishene Bay on
Lake Huron. The 1812 George Wilmot survey was used by the Corp of Canadian Fencibles,
under the direction of Major Cockburn, who were employed as axemen to open the road. The
road was initially opened to facilitate the movement of ship-building supplies to the dockyard
during the War of 1812 (ARA 1999a:5).
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At the same time the Penetanguishene Road was being opened by the Corp of Canadian
Fencibles in the winter of 1813/14, a group of Naval artificers, shipwrights and other support
personnel were dispatched from Kingston bound for Penetanguishene. Their orders were to build
a 44 gun frigate. Around one year later in December 1814, the shipwrights had built docks and
had laid the keel for the new vessel. One of the key shipwrights on the project was
William Wilson, who had arrived that spring in May 1814 (ARA 1999a:5).
The military initially shouldered the responsibility of clearing the road and developing the land
along it. An Order of Council shifted this onus to retired naval and military personal and settlers
who were encouraged to take up lands along the Penetanguishene Road, settle and at their own
expense improve the link between York and Penetanguishene, ultimately relieving the Province
and Britain of the fiscal responsibility of developing Simcoe County (ARA 1999a:6).
William Wilson followed the directive and purchased land on the Penetanguishene Road where
he settled on Lot 101, Concession 1, Tiny Township. Historic atlas maps (see Map 4–Map 5)
show the relationship between Lot 101, Concession 1, Penetanguishene Road and the location of
the pioneer cemetery.
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Map 4: Hogg’s Map of the County of Simcoe (1871), Showing the Study Area
(Hogg 1871)
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Map 5: Detail from H. Belden’s “Simcoe Supplement” from the Illustrated Atlas of the
Dominion of Canada. (1881), Showing the Study Area (McGill University 2001)
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3.3 William Wilson Biography
William Wilson was born in Whitby, Yorkshire England in 1787. He travelled to India by sea
with his older brother who was a captain on a British Naval vessel. His brother died in India of
Yellow Fever (SCPHS 1908:23).
William Wilson was captured by French privateers while attempting to travel back to England.
He was imprisoned for four years in a forced labour camp as part of a chain gang. He was
shackled to Russian prisoners from the Napoleonic Wars. During this time of incarceration, he
developed a distinct dislike for the French, a common sentiment among the British of his day
(ARA 1999a:6).
After his release and return home, William Wilson joined the 100th Foot, a Dublin Regiment, and
was posted to Canada. The 100th Foot had a well accomplished military career in Canada, having
been involved in battles at Sacketts Harbour, Plattsburg, Chippewa, Black-Rock and Fort
Niagara during the War of 1812. By 1813, the regiment, including William Wilson, were
stationed at the Kingston Dockyard. From there, after an arduous journey from Kingston,
Wilson’s party arrived in Penetanguishene spring 1814. Work began on the 44-gun frigate
immediately upon their arrival. By 1817, William Wilson was permanently installed as the first
shipwright of the garrison (SCPHS 1908:23).
Image 1: William Wilson
(Unknown, Provided by the Town of Midland)
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Wilson was involved with much of the initial construction of the naval buildings in and around
the harbour including: the imposing red Naval Storehouse (rebuilt as the King’s Wharf Theatre),
a cedar stockade around the Storehouse, supervision of the installation of a series of docks that
extended into the water for a depth of 30 feet (ARA 1999a:7), and a powder magazine on Beaver
Island–known as Magazine Island today (HHP 2015). He was also responsible for the extensive
repairs and maintenance of the Naval Dockyard at Penetanguishene.
William Wilson left enlisted service at an unknown point in his career, yet remained employed
by the Navy as a civilian until he retired from the Dockyard in 1833. The following year he
received his annual pension from the Admiralty Office in the amount of £20 (ARA 1999a:7).
William Wilson married Henrietta Jeffs on August 13, 1827. Emulating the example set by
Henrietta’s brother two years prior, the couple chose to undertake the journey on foot to York in
order to be married by an Anglican minister, Bishop Strachan, the only minister in the Home
District permitted by law to perform marriage ceremonies. Most engaged couples in the area just
went to the Justice of the Peace in the area to get married (ARA 1999a:7). This journey
underlined the ferocity with which the Wilson and Jeffs families believed in the Church of
England. As a devout Anglican, William became the first sexton of St. James on-the-Lines and
the surrounding graveyard (HHP 2015). He also deeded an acre of his land to the Church of
England (now the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery).
3.4 William Wilson Land Use
In 1828, one year after William and Henrietta were married, the couple purchased 200 acres on
Lot 101, Concession 1, Tiny Township on the west side of the Penetanguishene Road. The land
was purchased from Henrietta’s brother Edward for £75. There is no definite date for the
construction of the William Wilson Homestead. The couple had two daughters, Ann Elizabeth
Wilson born January 25, 1829 and Hannah Wilson born November 9, 1831. There are no birth
records for the children, which may have helped with determining a date of construction for the
house (ARA 1999a:8). The first home was an adobe house built of mud, straw and sticks. These
types of homes were erected quickly and at little expense.
An interview with a Wilson descendant, Mr. Waverly Smith, is recorded in an article in the
Evening Telegram from 1930. Here, Waverly Smith recounts his memories of his grandfather
William Wilson. The William Wilson 19th century log house homestead located on
Penetanguishene Road was said to have been covered in clapboard from Williams’ own sawpit
and painted bright white. The saw pit was said to have been filled with field stones when it was
abandoned.
“On one side of this road – still in use in sections in others
grass grown and even fenced over is a trillium bordered acre
of oak and maples, under the shade of which are the graves of
some thirty of Waverly Smith’s folk, going back to the zinc
covered tomb of his great-parents. On the other side of the
road a little farther along is a fine mellow old log house with a
wide front door and four lower windows facing the southern
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sun. The pine logs, forty feet long, squared with axe and adze
and dovetailed at the corners are as sound as the day they
were placed at the ‘raising bee’.
This house was built about a century ago by William Wilson,
master carpenter and grandfather of Waverly Smith from his
mother’s side. Master carpenter indeed was William Wilson for
before he hewed his farm out of the Georgian Bay wilderness
and built the old homestead which still stands…”
(Found – Man Who Set Eyes on Figurehead of the “Nancy”, The Evening
Telegram, Toronto, June 12th 1930).
As a man of the church, William Wilson wanted to have a church built on his property. He
deeded an acre of his land to the Anglican Church Society of the Diocese of Toronto, the deed
reads (HHP 2015):
“Upon trust the Diocese is to hold the same forever hereafter
for the use of a church of the United Church of England and
Ireland to be erected upon the said parcel or tract of
land…and for a burial ground in connection with the said
church and for no other use or purpose whatsoever”.
3.5 William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
The cemetery is the final resting place of Henrietta (Hannah) Wilson, who died February 1, 1855.
William Wilson buried his wife in a corner of the property next to what was supposed to be the
site of the church. Settlers who died while making the arduous journey along the
Penetanguishene Road, as well as Wilson family members are buried here including William
Wilson himself. Local oral tradition conveys that William was buried in a lead-lined coffin
beneath a grove of four oak trees. Another account, a Telegram article of 1930 suggested it was a
“zinc-covered tomb” (Newberry, Light and Hillier 1989).
A church was never built on the Wilson land, eventually the land became overgrown and
seemingly forgotten. The homestead and cemetery were extant until 1930s when the underbrush
overtook the built landscape (HHP 2015).
The Anglican Church made restoration plans for the William Wilson Cemetery in the 1980s
(Newberry et. al. 1989). By 2009 it was clear the church would not be able to follow through
with the plans so the Anglican Church acquiesced ownership of the Wilson property to the Town
of Midland (HHP 2015). Today, the cemetery is located near the intersection of Highways 12 and
93.
William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery is a representative example of a “pioneer cemetery” (Town of
Midland 2009). One broken grave marker remains, along with a hand-cut stone socket base and
marble gravestone fragments, all currently laid out on the ground surrounded by a lumber barrier
within. The extant gravestone belongs to Esther Wood, wife of Richard, and their two children,
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Emery E. and Charles A (see Image 2-Image 3). The family is said to have died of mushroom
poisoning after having prepared a meal using mushrooms from the roadside. According to the
designation, the stone was crafted by H.C. Summers of Newmarket in 1866 (Town of Midland
2009:2).
The engraving is transcribed in Image 2 as was presented in the designation by-law. There is an
engraved epitaph at the bottom of the gravestone that is difficult to read:
"...IGHT SPIRITS FROM THIS WORLD...;...BODIES...WITH THE DEAD;...AND...PARENT
DEAR; TWO BABE'S LIE BURIED HERE; H.G.SUMMERS NEWMARKET"
Image 2: Transcription of the Wood Family Headstone
(The Corporation of the Town of Midland 2009:5)
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Image 3: View of Gravestone at William Wilson Cemetery
(Provided by the Town of Midland)
As is the case with many cemetery investigations, church and historical records are incomplete
or lost, making it difficult to determine the number of souls interred. Archival records indicate
approximately 24 individual burials:
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Jeffs Sr. – parents of William’s wife, Henrietta Wilson
Robert and Phoebe (Edmonds) Jeffs Jr. and their daughter – brother and sister-in-law to
Henrietta Wilson
Lucinda Jeffs
Henrietta (Jeffs) Wilson
William Wilson
Hannah (Wilson) Ross – wife of Henry McLean Ross
Esther Wood – wife of Richard J. – and their two children Emery E. and Charles A.
Sergeant Thomas Crawford
Possible burials include:
Richard Wood – husband of Emma or Esther Wood
Mary Smith – wife of John
William Smith
Marmaduke and Margaret (Bowden) Stamp
Thomas and Elizabeth Hartley
William Cowan
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It is believed the initial burial was Henrietta Wilson, William Wilson’s wife who died February 1,
1855. After this initial interment, other members of the Jeffs family were laid to rest in the same
soil. After nine years of using a portion of his land as a family cemetery, William Wilson donated
the land to the Anglican Church in 1864. Shortly after the land donation, William Wilson himself
died in 1870 and was buried alongside his wife. An Anglican Church, the Church of the Good
Shepherd, was built in nearby Wyebridge, precluding the need for a church on Wilson land,
leading the cemetery to fall out of use (Town of Midland 2009).
3.6 Recommendations for More Research
Primary research was outside the scope of this project, however several gaps were identified that
could be explored, namely who is buried in the cemetery, and their stories. The Reverend David
C. Adams, a previous pastor of the Church of the Good Shepherd in Wyebridge (the church built
in lieu of one planned for Wilson land) in a letter dated 1987 to Stella M. Gianetto (associated
with the Simcoe County Branch of the Genealogical Society), expressed interest on behalf of
himself and his previous congregation to find and rehabilitate the “Wilson Cemetery”. It seems
Gianetto reached out to Adams for information about the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery.
Adams was recalling information relayed to him from various parishioners (when he was rector
at the Wyebridge church) about what they remembered of the Wilsons and the cemetery,
specifically: the Lumbis family, the Burt Reynolds family, the Eakley families and perhaps the
Leonard family. Adams indicated many of his informants had since passed away or were in care
facilities at the time. Based on Adam’s research, it was suggested that some burial records for the
William Wilson Cemetery may be held in the name of St. John’s Church Tay which was located
in the Victoria Harbour Area (it was said there was a connection between the two congregations
in the early days). Another possible lead for burial records would be to look into whether the
property was operated as a “union” cemetery with some sort of ties to the Presbyterian Church
which appeared to be active in the area. Furthermore, additional research on some of the
individuals could be conducted, and shared with visitors.
4.0 CONDITION ASSESSMENT
4.1 Environment
The climate has an impact on the type and extent of deterioration making it a key consideration
in restoration recommendations. Midland, Ontario is located in a humid continental climate with
four separate seasons, where harsh weather is not uncommon. Temperatures historically (1981–2010) have averaged as low as -8.5 ˚C and as high as 20.8 ˚C. Precipitation historically (1981–2010) have averaged as low as 65.1 mm and as high as 109.8 mm (Environment Canada 2015).
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Image 4: Midland Temperature Averages from 1981–2010
(Adapted from Environment Canada 2015)
Image 5: Midland Precipitation Averages from 1981–2010
(Adapted from Environment Canada 2015)
4.2 Vegetation
The current vegetation is typical of an agricultural lot, the edges are marked with treelines, and
the centre contains field, the vegetation in the treeline is typical woodlot, allowed to grow
naturally.
The site is dominated by mature oak (Quercus spp.) and mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum).
These trees add to the beauty of the landscape and contribute significantly to the cultural heritage
value. There is an understory of intermediate oak, ash (Fraxinus spp.) and several maple and ash
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saplings scattered throughout. Groundcover plantings consist primarily of trillium (Trillium
spp.). The open field landscape is primarily comprised of meadow grasses with one Norway
Spruce (Picea abies) tree.
4.3 pH Levels
The limestone gravestone, marble gravestone fragments, and stone socket base are located
outdoors, on a slope, in a wooded area with poor drainage. The limestone gravestone is
surrounded by a 5.5" deep dimensional lumber barrier. The ground is heavily covered with
vegetation and leaf degradation. Soil samples collected from the soil surrounding the gravestone,
as well as soil located around and in the socket base, were mildly acidic.
Image 6: Gravestone Location
(Photo Taken on May 12, 2015; Facing Northwest)
Table 1: pH Readings
pH Location
5 Surface of Limestone Gravestone
6 Soil Sample Surrounding Limestone
Gravestone
5 Soil Sample Surrounding Socket Base
5 Soil Sample from Interior of Socket Base
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4.4 Current Conditions: Limestone Gravestone
The limestone gravestone is in fair condition (see Image 7). Due to atmospheric pollution,
including, but not limited to, acid rain, dirt, and dust, the surface of the stone exhibits heavy
soiling and mild algae growth. Algae is often in a benign state and poses a low risk to the
integrity of the stone. Conversely, algal communities can often merge with heterotrophic
bacteria, which during times of considerable volume changes through the wetting and drying of
the stone; this can affect the loosening of the stone, promoting decay (May and Jones 2006). As a
result of acid precipitation, coupled with lying flat in an area of poor drainage, the stone is fairly
eroded in multiple areas.
Consistent moisture, location and position, as well as freeze-thaw conditions from seasonal
weather, weakened the stone causing three large complete fractures. These conditions likely
resulted in the loss of the upper and lower left portion of the stone. Gravestone damage may have
also been instigated by vandals or due to accidental fracturing during previous relocation.
Due to environmental and positional factors, it can be reasonably assumed that the back portion
of the gravestone is in a constant state of dampness and heavily soiled, causing the stone to be in
a weakened and possibly eroded state. Only about 30% of the engraving is visible as result of
soiling, algae growth, broken fragments, and erosion. Various woody plants surround the
gravestone and are growing between the broken fragments. These plants pose a risk to the
structural integrity of the stone.
Image 7: Limestone Gravestone
(Photo Taken on May 12, 2015; Facing Northwest)
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4.5 Current Conditions: Marble Gravestone
The marble fragments are believed to be from a second gravestone (see Image 8). They are in
poor condition. Both fragments show algae growth and exhibit "sugar decay". Also known as
sugaring, “sugar decay” is a result of acid precipitation that attacks the calcite crystals within the
marble. The portions of the stones that currently sit upright within the soil are heavily soiled.
One fragment has stress cracks running throughout its proper back.
Image 8: Marble Gravestone Fragments (Photo Taken on May 12, 2015; Facing Northwest)
4.6 Current Conditions: Stone Socket Base
The hand cut stone socket base is in fair condition (see Image 9). It is heavily soiled, has moss
and algae growth, but overall appears to be in structurally excellent condition. Algae and moss
pose a low risk to the stone base. The base is also located on a poorly drained slope and is at risk
for freeze-thaw deterioration, acid precipitation, and water erosion.
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Image 9: Stone Base with Socket
(Photo Taken on May 12, 2015; Facing Northwest)
4.7 Access to the Site
Currently there is no direct access to the site. It can be reached on foot or by small off-road
vehicle along the unopened Penetanguishene Road which meets Highway 12. There is no
parking available. Residential development is planned for the property to the east of the
cemetery. As part of the draft plan for the Hanson subdivision on this residential property, is a
future potential road connection to the commercial lands along the site’s southern boundary. This
new road may be used to access to the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery.
4.8 Future Considerations
The Town of Midland Official Plan shows long term planned land uses around the cemetery (in
red). The Employment Area lands (purple) are zoned HC which would permit big box retail
uses. The Residential District (yellow) is principally the Hanson subdivision (see Image 10).
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Image 10: Excerpt from the Town of Midland Official Plan
(Provided by the Town of Midland)
5.0 RESTORATION
5.1 Immediate Recommended Stabilization Measures
5.1.1 Limestone Gravestone
It is highly recommended that immediate stabilization measures take place in order to reduce
deterioration and aid in the preservation of the existing gravestone. A temporary resetting and
placement of the snapped marker is recommended. This requires planned and careful execution
of setting the broken portions of the marker upright, adjacent to one another in the ground (see
Appendix D). It is suggested that these measures be performed by skilled personnel within the
first two years. With the inclusion of a conservator, the work should take one to two full work
days for proper planning, supply collection, and training of required support staff, plus an
additional one to two days of execution. This time line assumes that no unforeseen or unplanned
circumstances occur (i.e., the gravestone marker may be more degraded than could be
determined by the initial condition assessment). Without a conservator, planning and training
would require more time and careful consideration of the risks involved and processes that need
to be performed. A list of suitable personnel for repair work appears in Appendix E. Once
immediate stabilization measures have been performed, it is recommended that further
restoration work be completed within the first five years.
5.1.2 Marble Gravestone
It is recommended that the marble gravestone fragments be temporarily removed and safely
stored until work on the cemetery is complete. This action aims to protect the fragments from
being removed, damaged, or displaced during completion of cemetery work. A local museum can
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be entrusted with the fragments as a temporary loan. It is recommended that the fragments be
surface cleaned by trained personnel (such as a conservator) to hinder any potential mould
growth while in storage and to properly address the sugar decay. Ideally, the stone should be
packaged and stored according to ethical standards in an HVAC controlled environment, if
resources are available. Under the direction of a conservator, immediate stabilization measures
for the marble gravestone fragments should take one full work day. It is recommended that this
work be performed within the first two years. Removal of the marble fragments should be
conducted only when the ground is not frozen, partially frozen, or waterlogged. A last resort
option would be to temporarily bury the marble stone fragments on-site until work is completed.
For instructions on how to bury the fragments, see Appendix F.
5.2 Feedback on Long-Term Conservation
As outlined in Section 2.4.3, the public and MHC were given three conservation options:
Option 1: Restoration of Existing Monument
Option 2: Full Restoration of Existing Monument
Option 3: Replicate Existing Monument
The pros and cons were provided for each option as outlined in Appendix G. Option 2 received
the most positive feedback. There was a strong belief that the original gravestone should be
preserved and remain on site. Aesthetic value of infilling missing portions of the gravestone was
also given priority.
Option 2: Full Restoration of Existing Monument, involves erecting the gravestone with
supports, mending the three large broken fragments, infilling of any missing fragments, resetting
the gravestone into the existing socket base and cleaning the surface the stone, socketed base and
marker. This option can be modified; in lieu of mending the three large broken fragments, the
gravestone fragments would be set upright with the support of a frame. Option 2 is the most
aesthetically pleasing.
Long term security and preservation concerns were raised leading to the discussion of Option 3:
Replicate Existing Monument as a temporary option if future construction plans for adjacent
properties pose a risk to the stone.
5.3 Restoration of the Extant Limestone Gravestone and Stone Base
A conservation specialist or company that specializes in monument or sculpture should be
contacted to bid on the stone restoration. The company should have experience and expertise
with similar project(s), and work in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the Canadian
Association of Professional Conservators (CAPC) and possibly the American Institute for
Conservation's (AIC) Guidelines for Practice and Code of Ethics. For further guidance on how
best to select and employ a conservator in Canada, see Appendix H. Restoration of the stone
should also follow the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places,
specifically the standards for Restoration.
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Work may include temporarily removing the gravestone from its location in order to perform
conservation work. Once work is completed, the company should provide ongoing maintenance
recommendations for the restored stone.
Based on quotes obtained from three private conservation firms that specialize in stone sculpture
and monument repair, it is reasonable to expect that Option 2 may cost approximately $10,000.
Should the cost of work for Option 2: Full Restoration of Existing Monument exceed the
allocated amount by the Town, Option 1: Restoration of Existing Monument is the next best
option. Furthermore, it is recommended that should adjacent construction cause mid- to high-risk
to the grave marker, Option 3: Replicate Existing Monument should be considered as an interim
practice until construction is complete.
5.4 Preservation of the Marble Gravestone Fragments
In accordance with previously outlined conservation principles, it is recommended that the
gravestone marble fragments be preserved and not restored; carrying out any form of restoration
work on fragments with little visible data would require excessive intervention and a wide range
of subjective interpretation. Preservation would entail a simple surface clean and should be
performed by trained personnel or a professional conservator. Once the cemetery is complete, it
is recommended that the marble fragments be gently placed upright on a custom-made stone
base. This base should account for the environment to ensure long term preservation; a base with
custom slots made for the fragments or with the use of frames. It is recommended that a
conservator or trained monument maker be contacted to perform the work.
6.0 ARCHAEOLOGY
A Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment was previously conducted on lands adjacent to the
William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery (see Section 1.1.1). The archaeological report recommended
that if lands adjacent to the cemetery are to be developed in the future, a Stage 3 assessment
should be completed (ARA 1999b:4). This will be necessary if parcels to the south and west of
the cemetery are developed, if there are any planned changes to the Penetanguishene Road
allowance or should the residential rural property to the north be developed.
A Stage 3 site-specific assessment (cemetery investigation) would be conducted to determine the
extent of the cemetery, particularly whether the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery extends
beyond the land owned by the Town of Midland (the assumed cemetery limits). The Ministry of
Tourism, Culture and Sport considers a cemetery as a cultural feature. Where a cemetery is
adjacent to the project limits, mechanical topsoil removal is required to extend a minimum of
10 m beyond the cultural feature (MTC 2011:85).
During a Stage 3 cemetery investigation, under the supervision of a licensed archaeologist,
topsoil must be mechanically excavated down to subsoil and examined for the presence of
subsurface cultural features such as grave shafts. The objective is to confirm that there are no
burials located outside of the land owned by the Town. Mechanical soil removal is carried out
stratigraphically and monitored by a licensed archaeologist, so if there are extant burials outside
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of the assumed cemetery limits, they can be identified by locating the grave shafts. However,
there is always the risk of encountering shallow graves.
Given that the investigation will be focused on determining whether there are any cultural
features (i.e., grave shafts) or human remains located outside of the Town-owned area, the field
methods should be developed in accordance with the requirements set out in Section 3.2
(Archaeological Site Assessment) and Section 4.2.3 (Excavation by Mechanical Topsoil
Removal) of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011:47–53,
78–79).
Regarding work being completed within the assumed core of the cemetery, the regulations
outlined in the Funeral, Burial and Cremations Services Act (Government of Ontario 2012) state
that any proposed building or major construction must be at least 4.57 metres or 15 feet away
from any in-ground grave (O. Reg. 30/11, s. 155). An in-ground grave can only be determined by
a Stage 3 cemetery investigation (as described above). Any potential grave location identified by
a GPR survey is considered a “suspected grave”.
As part of this project, the Registrar of Cemeteries was asked “At what point do we need to
recommend a cemetery investigation, when thinking of the maintenance measures?” (i.e., fence
installation or tree removal). His response was: “If the Town decided to install a fence or remove
trees, they would need to have an archaeologist monitor the excavations etc.” (D’Mello –
Per.comm.). Accordingly, any work to be completed within the cemetery will require monitoring
by a licenced archaeologist.
7.0 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
The William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery landscape is a cultural hardwood plantation and meadow
that is dominated by Sugar Maple. Despite the lack of species diversity within the wooded area,
the intent is to maintain and preserve the integrity of the historical and aesthetic value that this
woodlot and meadow provides on the site.
7.1 Opportunities and Constraints
Opportunities:
Overall, trees are healthy within the stand;
Opportunity to preserve mature oak trees planted in a square, which are believed to mark
William Wilson’s grave site;
Promote Heritage species and cultural associations that are typical of this site; and
Limited tree-related hazards were observed.
Constraints:
Limited species diversity within the wooded area. The dominant species is Sugar Maple
(Acer saccharum);
Limited understory species diversity was observed;
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The wooded area has not been managed for several years; and
The dense canopy cover limits available light for future understory growth.
7.2 Management Goals and Objectives
To maintain the wooded area, the management objectives should include understory cleanup,
hazard tree abatement and reduction in exposure to risk, endangered species protection,
introduction of native species, invasive species management, and short-term and long-term
monitoring. The meadow is predominantly perennial grasses and could be maintained by
mowing the open area once or twice per annum.
The following implementation recommendations relate to maintaining and enhancing the
landscape on the property:
7.2.1 Understory Cleanup
Several trees have fallen within the understory of the wooded area (see Image 11). Several trees
have elevated trunks and canopies that are not in contact with the woodland floor. Elevated
trunks slow decay and also create an unappealing visual aesthetic. It is recommended that fallen
trees and future felled trees within the wooded area be cut into 300 mm to 450 mm lengths and
then scattered throughout the wooded area to help accelerate decay and to provide increased
surface area and ecological diversity for wildlife habitat. Remnant branches should be chipped
for mulch and scattered throughout the woodlot.
Image 11: An example of a fallen tree
(Photo Taken on May 12, 2015; Facing East)
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7.2.2 Woodlot Edge Planting
No tree species are planned for removal within the woodlot to accommodate construction or
disturbance of any kind and therefore no compensation planting has been proposed. Although no
compensation planting has been identified, there has been some enhancement plantings
proposed. When new plantings are introduced the use of plants that reflect the species, habit,
form, and scale of historic vegetation should be encouraged (refer to Section 9.0).
All plantings should be mulched to reduce moisture loss and competition for nutrients and
moisture from competing invasive weeds (until trees become established). Plantings should be
mulched with 100 mm shredded cedar mulch to reduce newly exposed soils exposure to the sun
which can raise soil temperatures and reduce moisture. A monitoring program by the Town’s
forestry consultant and/or landscape architect shall include inspection of the success and
establishment of the proposed plantings. Plants shall be inspected for vigour, disease, and health
throughout the monitoring period.
7.2.3 Hazard Tree Monitoring and Tree Removals
Trees that are either dead, hazardous or could potentially fail due to health or structural defect
within the wooded area should be considered for removal as part of an overall woodlot
management strategy. Their removal allows more light and available nutrients/moisture for the
remaining trees. Tree removal also can be used as a tool to accelerate understory regeneration by
allowing light to penetrate to the woodlot floor and understory. All tree removals should be
performed by an ISA Certified Arborist and in accordance with good arboricultural practices and
current ISA standards.
Tree removal shall occur in accordance with the Migratory Birds Convention Act (MBCA) and
the Migratory Bird Regulations (MBR), federal legislative requirements that are binding on
members of the public and all levels of government. The legislation protects certain avian
species, controls the harvest of others, and prohibits commercial sale of all species. Per the
MBCA, a tree shall not be removed within the bird nesting windows from May 1 to August 8
inclusive. Within the window, no vegetation clearing / tree removal is to occur. If tree removal is
necessary within the window, the proponent should correspond with Canadian Wildlife Service
(CWS) for a site-specific assessment.
Hazard trees are considered trees that pose increased risk to people or property due to their health
or structure. Hazard mitigation can include pruning damaged or defective branches, removing
dead wood or the removal of the tree completely. No immediate concerns were noted along the
edges. There is one Sugar Maple located in close proximity to the woodlot edge that has several
damaged branches (see Image 12). It should be noted that trees are living entities and their
health/condition can change at any time. Routine monitoring should be undertaken to review the
site for potential hazard concerns.
Hazard trees should be assessed by an ISA Certified Arborist prior to work being undertaken
within the tree. Evaluation of Hazard Tree in Urban Areas, Second Edition should be the
minimum standard used to determine the hazard potential of a tree. It is recommended that the
trunks of trees over 30cm in caliper should be cut at approximately 2.4-3.0 metres (8’-10’) above
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the ground so that the remaining stump can provide wildlife habitat (snags) and the felled tree
should be left within the woodlot, to minimize disturbance and promote retention of leaf litter.
This does not apply to any tree in which the decline has been caused by disease/pathogen which
will remain in the host. These trees/shrubs should be removed and disposed of off the site at an
approved location.
7.2.4 Native Species Introduction
Any new planting within the woodlot shall be native to the Town of Midland. No regional rare or
invasive species should be permitted.
Image 12: Sugar Maple tree with damaged branches
(Photo Taken on May 12, 2015; Facing Southwest)
8.0 PLANTINGS
It is recommend that all mature trees and open meadow be preserved onsite as they contribute
significantly to the landscape character and cultural heritage value of the site. It is recommended
that site be enhanced by rejuvenating the understory plantings. Introducing a woodland species
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planting plan will help to enhance the urban forest and forest cover across the site. Woodland
plantings also create habitat for birds, pollinating insects such as butterflies, and other wildlife.
Suggested Plant List:
Lilac species
Woodland wildflowers, such as trillium
Species will be selected based on site conditions (i.e., Ontario Plant Hardiness Zone 5a),
low maintenance, moisture content in soils (drought resistance), seasonal interest, and
resistance to pests/disease
Where feasible, the open meadow areas should be preserved and maintained. The meadow is
predominantly perennial grasses and could be maintained by mowing the open area once or twice
per annum. Ornamental plantings could also be included to enhance the open field area. If the
meadow areas will be used for future stockpiling (materials, construction equipment) they should
be restored using an approved native seed mixture.
9.0 FENCING
As part of the Ontario Trillium Foundation’s agreement with the Town, the installation of a fence
around the cemetery is required. In addition, during a meeting with the MHC, the need for a
fence was noted as being helpful for preventing off-road vehicle traffic, which may be causing
damage to the natural and cultural aspects of the cemetery.
In Ontario during the 19th century, iron, lead, zinc, copper, and bronze were added to the
repertoire of materials used to fabricate complete monuments, statues, and railings within
pioneer cemeteries. The most common metal for fence fabrication in Ontario cemeteries was
iron, either wrought or cast. Iron was frequently used for fences around graves, memorials and
around the cemeteries themselves. Simple details were usually fabricated in wrought iron, but by
the second half of the 19th century, complex balusters, piers, urns, planters, and even memorial
statues were often made of cast iron. As the cemetery is found in a rural setting a cedar rail fence
would also suit the site’s character. Further, the Town of Midland has a designated stone wall.
Based on these factors six fencing types were presented to the public and MHC:
Wrought Iron
Split Rail
Stone Wall
Split Rail & Plantings
Wrought Iron & Plantings
Dry Stack Stone & Plantings
All 12 Public Open House attendees provided feedback on the fencing options (see Table 2).
Attendee votes were split between split-rail and wrought iron and plantings. Concern was
expressed over the effect of the fencing option on the local wildlife. All wrought iron and split
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rail cedar fencing will be between 4-6’ high, well below the average jump height (8-12’) for deer.
Concern was also expressed about the placement of the gate or entrance. Seven MHC members
provided feedback, and wrought iron with plantings was preferred (see Table 3).
Table 2: Results of Feedback on Fencing from Public Open House
Fencing Option Number of Votes
Wrought Iron 0
Split Rail 4
Stone Wall 1
Split Rail & Plantings 1
Wrought Iron & Plantings 4
Dry Stack Stone & Plantings 2
Table 3: Results of Feedback on Fencing from Municipal Heritage Committee
Fencing Option Number of Votes
Wrought Iron 1
Split Rail 0
Stone Wall 1
Split Rail & Plantings 1
Wrought Iron & Plantings 4
Dry Stack Stone & Plantings 0
Based on feedback during the consultation, the preferred options for the fencing are split rail
(see Image 13–Image 14) or wrought iron and plantings (see Image 15–Image 17).
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Image 13: Example of Split Rail Fencing
(ARA 2015)
Image 14: Example of Split Rail Fencing
(Seferian Design Group 2010)
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Image 15: Example of Wrought Iron Fencing (Bronte Pioneer Cemetery, Milton; www.historicplaces.ca)
Image 16: Example of Wrought Iron Fencing (St. Mary Pioneer Cemetery, Oakville; www.flickr.com)
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Image 17: Example of Wrought Iron and Plantings
(www.flickr.com)
It is suggested that since the only current public access to the site is via the unopened portion of
Penetanguishene Road, that the gate be oriented toward this access point. If access changes in the
future the split rail cedar could be removed to create a new access point. The split rail cedar
fence may also be more economical. The wrought iron and plantings may take more effort to
move the access point. In addition, wrought iron costs at about $100/linear foot, while split rail
cedar is about $60/linear foot. That is fencing only- no plantings.
Another recommendation could be to fence the existing grave site with 6’ wrought iron fencing
and the remaining property boundary could be fenced using split rail cedar. Based on budgets,
the Town could also only fence areas within the woodlots as required.
10.0 MAINTENANCE
10.1 Limestone Gravestone, Marble Gravestone and Stone Socket Base
It is recommended that a regular maintenance and monitoring program be created. This program
should reflect established priorities for preserving the limestone gravestone, marble gravestone
and stone socket base. It is recommended that the chief priorities reflect concerns surrounding
thieves, vandals, and the stability of all gravestone elements. Best accepted programs include
regularly scheduled visits by designated town employees to inspect for damage or theft. This
may include participation by community members visiting the site to report any observed theft or
change to the gravestone. The maintenance and monitoring program may come in the form of a
checklist or log and includes taking photos and keeping record of the gravestone's condition. The
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chosen inspector should be briefed on the condition of the gravestone stated in this report. It is
recommended that the inspections are visual only. Items of note may include, but are not limited
to:
The stability of the stone (i.e. cracks, flaking, delamination, spalling etc...)
State of erosion (change in visibility of engravings)
Level of soiling
Biological growth
Considerations should also be made to implement temporary and long term deterrents at the site
to impede vandals and thieves. This could include: personnel monitoring protocols, lighting at
night, or fencing.
10.2 Woodlot Monitoring
Removing or radically changing mature vegetation that is important in defining the overall
character of the cemetery should be avoided. Mature trees should be retained and managed
through adequate, professional arboricultural care to extend their lives as long as possible. Where
removal of mature trees and other vegetation is deemed necessary due to disease, damage or
health and safety (hazards), replacement planting should be undertaken to ensure the protection
of significant areas of vegetation. The edges of the woodlot should be reviewed annually to
ensure that hazard trees are noted and mitigated promptly. In this review, invasive species should
be flagged for removal. Biannual reviews of trees should occur within the woodlot to ensure that
their health is maintained and that there are no infestations, diseases, or other concerns with the
health of the trees. The ultimate goal is to maintain this wooded area as a healthy and safe part of
the site.
The Town’s forestry consultant shall inspect and monitor the following:
Overall health and vigour of the woodlot area;
Understory clean-up;
Success in the establishment of native plant materials;
Stabilization of soils and establishment of seeded (restored) areas;
Effectiveness of non-native and invasive species control measures; and
Hazard Tree Assessment and monitoring.
Trees should be inspected for structural defects, symptoms of decline such as crown/stem
dieback, stem/butt rot, and secondary infections such as fungal, bacterial, viral disease and
animal damage. It is recommended that dead or dying trees over 30 cm be considered a hazard
and overhead limbs 10 cm and over be removed. Depending on circumstance (i.e. species,
size/age, etc.) the dimensions should be reduced or increased as the above are general guidelines.
Trees showing symptoms of decline should be flagged and recorded for continuous monitoring.
11.0 ADDITIONAL CEMETERY FEATURES
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During the course of the project, several additional cemetery features were mentioned by Staff,
MHC and the public. These included a form of commemoration for the other pioneers buried in
this cemetery an entrance sign, and benches.
11.1 Commemoration
In addition to the burials associated with the one extant grave marker (representing three
individuals) and the one gravestone represented by marble fragments (may represent one
individual), it is believed there may be up to 23 additional burials within the cemetery. The
creation and placement of a commemorative plaque or marker within the cemetery site will assist
in honouring these individuals. We recommend the use of a simple marker, excluding gravestone
recreations. This will allow for the respectful marking of burials. This method will help mollify
the uncertainty over the identity of the interred, burial locations and original gravestone types.
This option may also include the creation of a commemorative sign or monument listing the
names of those believed to be buried at William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery (see Image 18–Image
19).
11.2 Entrance Signage
Keeping with the natural setting of the cemetery, any entrance sign should incorporate natural
materials (i.e. wood/timber, stone), and complement the existing landscape character. Two
examples that incorporate wood and stone can be seen in Image 20–Image 21.
11.3 Benches
During consultation, the MHC discussed adding benches for visitor use. Keeping with the natural
setting of the cemetery, any benches should incorporate natural materials (i.e. wood/timber,
stone), and complement the existing landscape character. Image 22 illustrates a stone bench that
is both functional and commemorative. Image 23 illustrates a bench made of logs from a fallen
tree.
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Image 18: Stone Obelisk, Woodlawn Cemetery, City of Guelph
(ARA 2015)
Image 19: Commemorative Plaque, Woodlawn Cemetery, City of Guelph
(ARA 2015)
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Image 20: Sign at Bronte Cemetery, Town of Oakville
(ARA 2015)
Image 21: Sign at Old Durham Road Pioneer Cemetery, Grey County
(ARA 2015)
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Image 22: Stone Bench, Woodlawn Cemetery, City of Guelph
(ARA 2015)
Image 23: Wood Bench
(www.naturesinstruments.com)
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12.0 PROMOTION
The goal of the promotion portion of this plan is to identify the potential communication
methods to convey the history and significance of the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery.
The promotion of the site is limited by restricted access to the site, which is only navigable by
foot or off road vehicle via Penetanguishene Road, and by lack of parking. The ability to
promote the cemetery may be expanded following development of the adjacent commercial
and/or residential properties.
12.1 Analysis of Needs and Opportunities
During the kick-off meeting, several stakeholder groups were identified as targets for the
Promotion Plan. Participants at the Public Open House and MHC were asked to indicate the best
method for targeting each group, the results of which are summarized in Table 4.
Table 4: Feedback Results on Communication Methods for Target Groups
Local Residents Visitors Teachers/Students
Interpretive Plaques 12 10 6
Brochure 6 10 1
Website 9 11 9
Online Video 3 3 2
Guided Tour 1 1 3
Audio File 1 2 2
Event Participation
(i.e. Doors Open)
11 9 1
Lesson Plan 0 0 11
For targeting local residents, interpretive plaques, a website and event participation were
identified by both groups as the preferred methods. For engaging visitors, interpretive plaques, a
brochure and website were noted as being the most valuable, and for assisting teacher/students
with learning about the cemetery, plaques, a website and lesson plans were the most requested
methods.
In addition to ranking typical communication methods, participants were also asked to
brainstorm additional methods. Responses to “What other ways can the Town of Midland
communicate the history and importance of the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery?” are as
follows:
Museum
Heritage committee event
Cooperation with Huronia Historical Parks/ Discovery Harbour (4 votes), refer to AV
show (1 vote)
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Roadside signage
Context with early settlement of area, pensioned workers from naval establishment in
mid-1800s; Drummond Island relocation, etc.
Entrance field stone with engraving: Wilson Cemetery
Research on the people thought to be buried and Mr. Wilson himself
Research the interred pioneers’ place of residence in relation to the cemetery
Include cemetery information in properties of historical significance i.e., heritage site
Engage the community!
Have brochures at the museum and Town Hall
Use QR codes so the public can read information on their phones, both public and visitors
Add “William Wilson” to the registry of names for streets/commemorative parks
Penetanguishene Road signage committee
Social media
Community pages could share many stories and different interpretations
All churches should be contacted and a tour (interdenominational, of course) should be
arranged
Wilson’s connection to cemetery establishment should be mentioned in all promotional
material
Ensure youth are fully consulted and participate fully through education
12.2 Interpretive Plaques
The goal of these interpretive plaques is to celebrate the history of the William Wilson Pioneer
Cemetery. They should be developed to tell the story of William Wilson, the area’s military
history and Midland’s pioneers.
Typical steps for completing interpretive plaques are as follows:
1) Conceptualize the overall exhibit
2) Brainstorm stories, photos and direction of each plaque
3) Additional research to produce the narratives and find potential historic photos or
graphics
4) Produce a draft of the text
5) Gather feedback on the text
6) Design the layout of plaque
7) Seek feedback on layout
8) Produce the plaque
9) Install the plaque
Based on the research summarized in Section 3.0, initial concepts for the plaques are as follows:
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Table 5: Interpretive Plaque Concepts
Theme Concept
Pioneer Cemetery Brief history of the cemetery
Reference to the cemetery’s designation
and ongoing restoration/maintenance
William Wilson William Wilson’s career details
Picture of William Wilson
War of 1812 William Wilson’s ties to the military
history, specifically the War to 1812
Penetanguishene Road How pioneers used the road to settle the
area
What the trip would have been like for
travellers
Travellers that are buried
Early Pioneers List of pioneers buried at the cemetery
Stories of some of the pioneers
The plaques can be completed one-at-a-time if the budget is restrictive, however this may create
a fractured storyline. These plaques could also be designed to complement the signage being
developed by the Historic Penetanguishene Road Working Committee, County of Simcoe. Due
to the natural setting of the cemetery it is recommended that consideration be given to their
location on the landscape so that there is minimal visual disturbance.
Text and graphics can be completed by the Town or a heritage consulting firm can be engaged.
In ARA’s experience, a basic plaque (4 ft by 3 ft exterior plaque with a metal base) will be
approximately $2,500.00. Coating, size differences, different type of base can be adjusted to
meet the needs of the Town. For an example of an interpretive plaque see Image 24.
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Image 24: Example Interpretative Plaque at Bronte Pioneer Cemetery, Oakville
(ARA 2015)
12.3 Brochure
A brochure should, at minimum, include a brief history, photographs and information on how to
access the site, who to contact if they have information about burials, and how to volunteer.
Locations for potential distribution of the brochure include:
Town Hall
County of Simcoe
Huronia Historical Parks, particularly Discovery Harbor, as they current have a display
about William Wilson
Libraries
Hotels
Other tourism and/or information centres
12.4 Website
Since the Town owns the property, information about the cemetery should be placed on their
website. The website should, at minimum, include a brief history, photographs, and information
on how to access the site and who to contact if they have information about burials, or how to
volunteer. Additions over time could include videos about the restoration, the results of any
cemetery investigation, or in-depth profiles of those buried in the cemetery.
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Most of this information is accessible in this report and could be easily incorporated into the
Town’s website.
12.5 Event Participation
There are several opportunities for inviting people to the cemetery, notably – Doors Open
Huronia. Jane’s Walk (www.janeswalk.ca), which takes place across Canada in early May, is
another opportunity. Activities for visitors could include a talk about the area’s pioneers or a
vegetation identification game. These types of events may also present opportunities for
fundraising.
12.6 Lesson Plan
A lesson plan for schools should be developed that outlines:
History of the cemetery
How it connects to the Ontario Curriculum
Activities to fulfil the curriculum requirements
How to arrange a visit or tour
Once the lesson plan is finished it should be placed on the website, and the local school boards
should be made aware of where and how to access the information.
13.0 IMPLEMENTATION
13.1 Resources for Implementation
The development and pursuit of a wide variety of resources for implementing this Restoration
and Promotion Plan is necessary to ensure its success. The recommendations provided below are
suggested to increase the resources both human and monetary that can be directed to the Plan to
improve the implementation process.
13.1.1 Volunteer Participation
Presently, the amount of volunteer activity associated with the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
is relatively small due to the fact that no volunteer activities have been identified. Volunteers
should be provided with a job description, training and should be recognized annually for their
work. Potential opportunities for engaging volunteers include:
The Municipal Heritage Committee, who has an expressed interest in the site, should
oversee the implementation of this Restoration and Promotion Plan.
The neighbours and family members of those buried in the cemetery attended the Public
Open House and were very interested in the site, they could be engaged in casual as well
as annual maintenance and monitoring of the site.
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High public concern for the state of the natural environment means there is a “captive
market” for enlisting volunteers to participate in some vegetation management activities.
The range of activities and required personnel skills is such that a volunteer initiative
would likely attract a large number of candidates (i.e. for physical work such as manual
invasive species removal, or for site monitoring to reduce illegal dumping of refuse, etc.).
Interested volunteers should also be enlisted to assist with special events (i.e. Doors
Open).
13.1.2 Partnerships
There are a variety of agencies and non-government organizations involved in stewardship of
cultural resource and the environment, the Town would benefit from the development of strong
relationships with these essential groups.
Explore potential partnerships. This could include other Town departments such as the
Culture Midland, senior levels of government including regional representatives, and the
various provincial ministries involved in the stewardship of the natural environment and
cultural heritage landscapes.
Engage with the Huron Historical Parks, the creators of the Discovery Harbor exhibit for
display in 2015 about William Wilson and may be a key promotional partner.
Contact the Historic Penetanguishene Road Working Committee at the County of Simcoe
Develop relationships with local community organizations and non-governmental
organizations such as the Evergreen Foundation. These groups and others like them are
committed to cultural heritage stewardship.
Apply to the many private and public agencies, trusts and stewardship groups for grant
funding to support preservation initiatives.
Corporate sponsorships or donations in kind should be pursed.
13.2 Concept Plan
A concept plan produced by Seferian Design Group shows what the William Wilson Pioneer
Cemetery could look like after the restoration recommendations are implemented and the
elements of the promotion plan are undertaken (see Image 25).
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Image 25: Concept Plan for the William Wilson Cemetery
(Seferian Design Group 2015)
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13.3 Implementation Schedule
The recommendations from throughout the report have been incorporated into Table 6 alongside
timeframes and resources required.
Table 6: Implementation Timeline and Resources
Action Timeframe Resources Required (Staff
Time, Volunteer Time,
Budget)
Establish a page on the Town’s
website for the William
Wilson Pioneer Cemetery
Immediately Planning Staff, MHC
Ensure Stage 3 archaeological
assessment is required for the
adjacent properties
Immediately Planning Staff
Stabilization measures for the
stones Immediately
Specialized conservation firm,
approved budget
Develop a maintenance plan
for the cemetery’s stones and
vegetation
Immediately and Ongoing Planning Staff, MHC, Parks
Division, volunteers
Engage volunteers Immediately and Ongoing Planning Staff, MHC
Establish partnerships Immediately and Ongoing Planning Staff, MHC
Understory cleanup of downed
trees and remnant branches.
The larger pieces of wood
should be divided into smaller
sections and randomly
dispersed throughout the
woodlot.
Ongoing Parks Division, volunteers
Volunteer Recognition Annually Planning Staff
MHC should review this plan
annually to ensure
implementation
Annually MHC
Removal of garbage and
debris from the wooded area Annually Parks Division, volunteers
Review of invasive species in
the woodlot
Annually Parks Division, volunteers
Hazard tree review and
mitigation
Annually Parks Division
Participate in events (i.e.,
Doors Open, Jane’s Walk) Annually
Planning Staff, MHC,
volunteers
Develop a brochure and
distribute it to key locations 1 to 2 years
Planning Staff, MHC
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Action Timeframe Resources Required (Staff
Time, Volunteer Time,
Budget)
Install fencing 1 to 2 years
Monitoring by a licenced
archaeologist, approved
budget
Ornamental plantings in open
field area as per plan 1 to 2 years Parks Division
Branches should be chipped to
clean-up the site 1 to 2 years Parks Division, volunteers
Implement the restoration and
preservation measures for the
stones
1 to 5 years
Planning Staff, specialized
conservation firm, approved
budget
Draft, approve and install
interpretative signage 1 to 5 years
Planning Staff, Volunteers,
consulting firm, plaque
manufactures, installation
monitored by a licenced
archaeologist, approved
budget
Removal of dead trees from
the wooded area
1 to 5 years Parks Division, volunteers
Consider additional cemetery
features (i.e.,
Commemoration/entrance
signage, benches)
1 to 5 years MHC, approved budget
Develop a lesson plan 1 to 5 years Staff, MHC, volunteers or
approved budget
Opening the canopy in the
wooded area to allow light to
penetrate to the wooded area
floor
Long term Parks Division
Understory planting to provide
a broad diversity of native
species in the wooded area
Long term Parks Division, volunteers
Replacement planting of trees
within the wooded area
(should be native species only)
Long term Parks Division, volunteers,
approved budget
Stage 3 archaeological
assessment
When/if development happens
adjacent to the cemetery Licenced Archaeologist
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14.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery is a key cultural heritage resource in the Town of
Midland. This Restoration and Promotion Plan creates a high-level, long-term vision for the
cemetery. It includes physical restoration of the site and a management plan framework for
future maintenance of the site. The Promotion Plan outlines tools to increase awareness of one of
Huronia’s first European cemeteries and its ties to the area’s military history.
The next steps for conserving the William Wilson Pioneer Cemetery are as follows:
MHC should review this plan annually to ensure its implementation
Town should proceed with immediate stabilization measures of the limestone and marble
gravestones
Any development or public works completed adjacent to the parcel owned by the Town
of Midland should be subject to a Stage 3 Cemetery Investigation
Any work completed within the cemetery (i.e. tree removal or fence construction) will
require monitoring by a licenced archaeologist
Work with city departments to cost the implementation plan and find resources to execute
the Restoration and Promotion Plan
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15.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adams, Rev. D.C.
1987 Personal Letter to Mrs. Stella M. Gianetto of the Simcoe County Branch of the
Genealogical Society. Dated September 18, 1987. The Anglican Church of St. Timothy
Anson-Cartwright, T.
1963 Landscape of Memories: A Guide for Conserving Historic Cemeteries. Accessed
online at: http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/cemeteries/Landscape%20of%20Memories.pdf
Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. (ARA)
1999a A Report on The William Wilson Cemetery, located on the Eastern Half of Lot 101,
Concession 1, Tiny Township, Old Survey Now the Town of Midland, Northeast
Corner of Highways 12 and 93. Prepared by Jamie Hunter. Archaeological Research
Associates Ltd.
1999b Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of The Eastern Half of Lot 101, Concession
1, Tiny Townhsip, Old Survey Now the Town of Midland, Northeast Corner of
Highways 12 and 93, Simcoe County. Licence 97-037. Archaeological Research
Associates Ltd.
Canadian Association for Conservation of Cultural Property and Canadian Association of
Professional Conservators (CAC and CAPC)
2009 Code of Ethics and Guidance for Practice. CAC and CAPC, Ottawa.
Environment Canada
2015 Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data. Accessed online at:
http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4474&la
ng=e&StationName=Midland&SearchType=Contains&stnNameSubmit=g
o&dCode=5&dispBack=1.
Fram, M.
1998 Well-Preserved: The Ontario Heritage Foundation’s Manual of Principles and
Practice for Architectural Conservation. Accessed online at:
http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/Resources-and-Learning/Free-publications/Well-
Preserved.aspx.
Global GPR Services
2012 Subsurface Investigation, William Wilson Cemetery, Midland, Ontario. Global GPR
Services (GGPR).
Government of Ontario
2006 Ontario Regulation 9/06 made under the Ontario Heritage Act. Accessed online at:
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/source/regs/english/2006/elaws_src_regs_
r06009_e.htm.
2009 Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.18. Accessed online at: http://www.e-
laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90o18_e.htm.
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2012 Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c. 33. Last Amendment
December 31, 2012. Accessed online at: http://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/02f33.
Hoadley, R. Bruce
2000 Understanding Wood: A Craftsman's Guide to Wood Technology. The Taunton Press,
Connecticut.
Hogg, John
1871 Hogg’s Map of the County of Simcoe.
Hunter, Andrew F.
n.d. The History of Simcoe County. Accessed at
http://www.waynecook.com/hunter2.shtml#chapt.24.
Huronia Historical Parks (HHP)
2015 Discovery Harbour Panel, transcription of a panel used in a Discovery Harbour exhibit.
King, G.G., Kosky, S., Glynn, K., and Saborio, G.
2004 Michigan Historic Cemetery Preservation Manual. Charter Township of Canton, U.S.
Matheny, N.P. and Clark, J. R.
1993 Evaluation of Hazard Tree in Urban Areas, Second Edition. Intl Society of
Arboriculture, Illinois.
May, E. and M. Jones
2006 Conservation Science: Heritage Materials. RSC Publishing, United Kingdom.
McGill University
2001 The Canadian County Atlas Digital Project. Accessed online at:
http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/countyatlas/default.htm.
Ministry of Culture (MCL)
2006a Heritage Property Evaluation: A Guide to Listing, Researching and Evaluating
Cultural Heritage Property in Ontario Communities. Ontario Heritage Tool Kit
Series. Toronto: Ministry of Culture.
2006b Infosheet #2: Culutral Heritage Landscapes. Accessed online at:
http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/publications/Heritage_Tool_Kit_Heritage_PPS_infoSheet.p
df.
2007 InfoSheet: Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage
Properties. Accessed online at:
http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/publications/InfoSheet_8%20Guiding_Principles.pdf.
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH)
2014 Provincial Policy Statement, 2014. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing.
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Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MTC)
2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Toronto: Ministry of
Tourism and Culture.
Natural Resources Canada (NRC)
2002 Ontario Relief. Atlas of Canada, 6th Edition. Accessed online at:
http://geogratis.gc.ca/api/en/nrcan-rncan/ess-sst/632e8f7c-403a-57fe-849f-
7cce3591d611.html.
Newberry, Rev. N.; Light, D. and Hillier, R.
1989 Letter to Jaime Hunter, Director of Huronia Museum, Midland. From the Anglican
Parish of Elmvale, Elmvale, Ontario.
Parks Canada
2010 Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada 2nd
Edition. Accessed online at: http://www.historicplaces.ca/media/18072/81468-parks-s+g-
eng-web2.pdf.
Selwyn, L.
2004 Metals and Corrosion: A Handbook for the Conservation Professional. Ottawa:
Canadian Conservation Institute.
Simcoe County Pioneer and Historical Society (SCPHS)
1908 Chapter IV: Events succeeding the war, pp. 23-25 in Pioneer Papers. Barrie: Simcoe
County Pioneer and Historical Society.
Thompson, Marg
2007 Pioneer Cemeteries. Not published.
Town of Midland
2009 William Wilson Cemetery Designation By-law 2009-62.
2014 Official Plan for the Town of Midland. Accessed online at:
http://www.midland.ca/Shared%20Documents/plan/Official%20Plan%20June%2027,%2
02014.pdf.
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A: Designation By-law
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Appendix B: GPR Results
Map 6: GPR Survey – Depth Slice 37–110 cm
(Global GPR 2012)
Map 7: GPR Survey – Interpretation
(Global GPR Services 2012)
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Map 8: GPR Survey – Interpretation
(Global GPR Services 2012)
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Appendix C: Notice of Public Open House
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Appendix D: Immediate Preservation Measures
“Temporary Placement of Snapped Markers” From Landscapes of Memories: A Guide to
Preserving Historic Cemeteries, by Tamara Anson-Cartwright
1) Stones that have been lying in the ground for some years are likely to be saturated and
are therefore very weak and prone to snapping. Such stones would typically require
an entire summer to dry out sufficiently to allow for them to be safely handled and
worked on. If they must remain outside, arrange clean tarpaulins so that air can
circulate around the markers while they are protected from the weather.
2) Hand excavate, using small trowels, around its perimeter and spaces beneath so that
lifting belts may be slid from underneath. Lift the marker on to adjacent supporting
lumber before attempting to reset it. Be sure not to scratch the marker. If the marker
shows signs of weakness in its structure, stop work immediately as the marker may
fracture further. Contact a conservator or trained monument builder.
3) If additional work is not required and the marker is dry enough to be handled, prepare
for resetting the marker. Photograph the stone and determine the depth to which the
marker is to be reset.
4) Estimate a stone's weight at about 160 or 180 pounds per cubic foot. A marker 6 ft
high by 2 ft wide, 3 in thick, will weigh about 500 pounds. Support the marker and
lift it out of the ground, using nylon lifting belts and appropriate hoisting equipment.
Lay the marker carefully on supporting lumber (e.g., 2”x 4”s and thick plywood) to
ensure even, firm, and continuous support. Leave room to slide nylon belts under the
slab for easy lifting when you are ready to reset the marker.
5) When using lifting equipment, ensure that belts are nylon and positioned to minimize
pressure on the stone that would cause it to snap. If necessary, provide additional
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support with lumber to help distribute loads. Trucks equipped with a gentle pneumatic
lifting system such as the Hi-Ab boom are ideal.
6) Never use metal pry-bars to move or lift stones, as these will damage friable edges of
the stone.
7) At the intended location for the marker, excavate a hole to the correct depth. Do not
excavate below this point, as disturbed soil makes a poor base and increases the
possibility of frost heave and/or settlement of the marker. Tamp the bottom of the hole
to compact the soil fully.
8) Many cemeteries are located on sandy knolls, where digging by hand is easy and the
soil is well drained. In these conditions, the soil is often found to be poorly
compacted and offers little support. Where such conditions occur, it is possible to
provide a localized footing for the marker. Where large stones are not available,
crushed stone or a concrete sand well compacted will be adequate. Avoid using brick,
as it can disintegrate rapidly from frost action. A landscaping geotextile fabric, laid
into the excavation prior to backfilling, can help prevent washout of the soil.
9) Place the marker in the hole and ensure that it is plumb and correctly aligned in the
row.
10) Carefully lift marker upright and either brace it or have a colleague support it.
11) Ensure that the marker is plumb.
12) Backfilling: Replace the soil around the marker, compacting it firmly in layers but
without exerting any force against the marker. A baseball bat makes a good
implement for compacting. Fill up both sides equally and where necessary add more
topsoil to provide a positive slope away from the marker. Replace the sod, or seed, if
necessary.
13) Return to the site two weeks later and fill up any depressions that may have resulted
from settling of the soil.
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Appendix E: Personnel Suitable for Common Repair Work
From Landscapes of Memories: A Guide to Preserving Historic Cemeteries, by Tamara
Anson-Cartwright.
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Appendix F: Temporary Burying of Stone Fragments
From Michigan Historic Cemeteries Preservation Guide, by G.G. King, S. Kosky, K. Glynn,
and G. Saborio.
When facilities for temporarily storing broken stones are not available, or when a cemetery is
subject to vandalism, another option (and a last resort) is to bury a piece (or pieces) of stone for
safekeeping. Bury the stone where it was located. The location must be identified, and the record
placed with the cemetery survey to assist in future replacement.
1) Dig a hole in front of the existing stone – about eight inches deeper than the thickness of the
stone, and large enough so that the stone pieces can lay flat. Tamp the bottom surface and place
pea-stone on the bottom to facilitate drainage.
2) Place the stone in the hole on top of the pea-stone and cover the marker with geo-textile fabric
(available at landscape supply houses). Cover the stone and fill the rest of the hole with clean fill
sand. Gently tamp – avoid cracking the marker.
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Appendix G: Conservation Options
Option 1: Restoration of Existing Monument
Option 1 is the most typically used and highly recommended method of conservation treatment
for limestone gravestone. This option consists of correcting the gravestone to an upright position
with supports, mending the three large broken fragments, resetting the gravestone into the
existing socket base and cleaning the surface of both the stone socketed base and marker. This
option can be modified, for example; in lieu of mending the three large broken fragments, the
gravestone fragments would be set upright with the support of a frame.
There are two good, representative case studies of Option 1 in Ontario. The first case study is at
the Presbyterian Mono College Cemetery near Mono Centre, where a broken gravestone was
reset, cleaned, and mended. The second case study at the Melancthon United, Gravel Road
Cemetery, near Shelburne exhibits the resetting, cleaning, and framing of a gravestone.
Image 26: Melancthon United, Gravel Road and Presbyterian Mono College Cemetery
(ARA 2015)
Table 7: Analysis of Option 1
Advantages Disadvantages
Most cost effective
Least invasive
Aligns with the Vision for the William Wilson
Pioneer Cemetery
There are risks involved in lifting and pinning the
stone because its stability is unknown
Requires skilled trades such, as a conservator
and/or monument builder to execute
Gravestone frames could potentially cover
detailing of the gravestone
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Option 2: Full Restoration of Existing Monument
Option 2 is the most aesthetically pleasing. It includes the same processes as Option 1, namely;
correcting the gravestone upright with supports, mending the broken fragments, resetting the
gravestone into the existing base and cleaning the surface of both base and marker. Option 2 goes
further by infilling any missing fragments.
A cemetery case study that is representative of Option 2 can be found in Oakville, Ontario. Here,
the stone was reset upright, the surface cleaned, and replication of the missing top adornment
was made.
Image 27: Before and After Restoration
(Town of Oakville)
Table 8: Analysis of Option 2
Advantages Disadvantages
Aesthetically pleasing by permanently infilling
any missing fragments
Requires skilled trades: a conservator and/or
monument builder
Can be costly
Potential to misrepresent the missing fragments
due to lack of historic photos
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Option 3: Replicate Existing Monument
Option 3 amplifies protection measures of the original gravestone. This option requires the re-
creation of the existing gravestone. The replica could be placed outdoors at the William Wilson
Pioneer Cemetery location while the original gravestone could be donated or kept by the Town of
Midland for safekeeping. The donation possibility could see the grave marker go to the local
museum to be displayed as a part of their collection.
An example of Option 3 is found at the Melancthon United Gravel Road Cemetery near
Shelburne, Ontario. This historical tombstone was re-created, likely due to the fragility of the
original gravestone.
Image 28: Gravestone Replica
(ARA 2015)
Table 9: Analysis of Option 3
Advantages Disadvantages
Original marker could be more accessible to
community and non-community members at a
museum
Vandalism would be prevented
Risk of theft would be significantly reduced
Should the replica be vandalized, it can be replaced
A replica can be easily maintained by volunteers,
contractors, or town workers
Gravestone is removed from its context
Replica gravestone requires skilled trades (i.e.
monument maker)
Original gravestone requires care by trained
museum staff
A museum must be willing to take the original
gravestone
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Appendix H: Selecting and Employing a Conservator In Canada
From CAC Publications - Selecting and Employing a Conservator In Canada, by the
Canadian Association for Conservation of Cultural Property (CAC) and the Canadian
Association of Professional Conservators (CAPC)
Introduction
Canadians are becoming increasingly appreciative of collectable objects of artistic or heritage
value, and concerned with their preservation. Consequently, more and more Canadians are
turning to professional conservators to enhance and preserve their collections. The purpose of
this pamphlet is to help you select a conservator with the expertise needed to preserve, repair,
and restore your object or collection. Information is provided on what to expect and what not to
expect in your dealings with a conservator.
What is a conservator?
A conservator is someone who is involved in the care and treatment of objects of artistic or
historical significance. Qualified conservators are highly skilled practitioners with years of
training and experience. Unfortunately, there are also individuals who call themselves
conservators but who are unqualified or do not abide by professional standards. Consequently, it
is important to be careful in selecting a conservator. Conservation treatments can often be
complex and may involve some risk to the object. Because a high degree of expertise is required,
conservators generally specialize in one particular field such as paintings, books or artifacts.
Experts in preventive conservation are usually qualified to provide advice or services for more
than one type of collection.
Selecting a conservator
It is your responsibility to ensure that you select a conservator who will provide the best possible
care for your object or collection. To select a conservator you should first seek references from
people or organizations that employ conservators, such as public galleries, museums and
archives. It is best to ensure that these references are from people who have dealt directly with
the conservator in question.
As a rule all conservators in Canada should:
• know and abide by the Code of Ethics;
• be willing to show examples of their work and discuss openly their methods and
materials;
• be able to provide references;
• be willing to discuss their training and experience;
• be members of at least one conservation organization such as the Canadian
Association for Conservation (CAC), the American Institute for Conservation (AIC), or the
International Institute for Conservation (IIC). Although membership in these organizations is not
an assurance of professional status or competence, it does indicate an interest in keeping abreast
of developments in the field. There is an accrediting organization of conservators in Canada
called the Canadian Association of Professional Conservators (CAPC). Although its membership
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is currently small, the CAPC is building a registry of professional conservators who have met
strict entrance requirements and who adhere to the Code of Ethics. It provides a mechanism for
the impartial review of consumer complaints against member conservators. Selecting a
conservator who is a member of CAPC affords you the assurance that the conservator is
qualified in his/her field of specialization. Conservators may be challenged to work in many
media: in this case, upholstery, and gilded surfaces on the leg of an antique chair.
What is involved once you have selected a conservator?
You should know exactly who will be doing the conservation work; it is better to deal directly
with the conservator involved rather than through a third party. Before any work begins, you
should discuss a contract that outlines both the scope of the work and its cost. From this
discussion you should be informed of the conservator's fees and what they include. As an
example, you might ask if copies of photographic documentation are included. The division of
responsibility between you and the conservator for packing, transporting and insuring the object
should be made clear. The conservation of an object normally involves two phases; examination
and treatment. Usually these two steps and their fees are contracted separately. The first phase is
the examination of the object to determine its condition and to propose a plan for its treatment
and care. Following the examination the conservator should provide:
• a written report describing the present condition of the object;
• a written proposal for treatment (although a recommendation against treatment may
be a valid outcome of an examination);
• an explanation of the expected results of treatment;
• an explanation of the potential risks involved in the proposed treatment;
• information on the type and the extent of treatment report you will receive upon
completion of the work;
• a cost estimate;
• an estimated completion date.
If you accept this treatment proposal, the second phase, the treatment itself, will follow. Until a
contract is signed, no treatment will be started, and you are under no obligation to have the work
done by that conservator. If you have any doubts, you should seek a second opinion from another
qualified conservator. If, during treatment, new information is discovered that necessitates a
significant deviation from the proposed treatment, you will be asked to sign a revised treatment
proposal or contract. When the work is completed you should receive a written treatment report
which includes a description of any materials added to the object during the treatment.
Photographs will be included if specified in your contract. You should also be given
recommendations for the ongoing care of the object. The conservator will keep complete records
of the treatment. A conservator can also be contracted to provide expert recommendations on
preventive conservation for your collection. He/she will conduct a survey of the site and the
collection, and will then present a written evaluation with recommendations for improvements in
environment, storage design, etc.
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What not to expect of a conservator
A conservator should not be expected to provide cost estimates or treatment proposals without
first seeing the object or collection. He/she should not be expected to provide free estimates or to
store objects without charge after work has been completed. Do not expect a conservator to be
qualified to perform appraisals or authentications, or to buy your artwork or object, since this
may involve a conflict of interest.
What to do if problems arise
If you are dissatisfied with the conservator's work you should first approach the conservator to
ensure that there has not been a simple misunderstanding. If the problem cannot be resolved in
this way, and if the conservator is a member of CAPC, you may contact CAPC for help in
mediating the dispute.
In closing
The best way to ensure your satisfaction is to be informed of the conservator's qualifications and
to have realistic expectations of the scope and outcome of any work performed. Canada is known
for its high conservation standards and has many respected professionals working in the field as
practitioners, researchers, technicians, educators and consultants. Please take advantage of this
expertise to provide the best care for your treasured objects or collections.
Conservation organizations in Canada
The Canadian Association for Conservation of Cultural Property (formerly IIC-CG) is a
nonprofit charitable organization whose primary aim is to further the dissemination of
knowledge concerning the conservation of Canada's cultural property. CAC, Suite 419, 207 Bank
Street Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2N2 [email protected] The Canadian Association of
Professional Conservators is a non-profit association dedicated to the maintenance of high
standards for professional conservators in Canada. CAPC c/o Canadian Museums Association
Suite 400, 280 Metcalfe St. Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1R7 tel.: (613) 567-0099 Copies of the "Code
of Ethics and Guidance for Practice for Those Involved in the Conservation of Cultural Property
in Canada" may be obtained from either of the above organizations. © 1997, CAC and CAPC"
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Appendix I: CVs of Key Team Members
Paul J. Racher, M.A., CAHP
Vice-President, Operations
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD.
154 Otonabee Drive, Kitchener, ON N2C 1L7
Phone: (519) 804-2291 x100
Mobile: (519) 835-4427
Fax: (519) 286-0493
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.arch-research.com
Biography
Paul is Vice-President, Operations of ARA, and is a former lecturer in Cultural Resource Management at
Wilfrid Laurier University. He has a B.A. in Prehistoric Archaeology from WLU and an M.A. in
anthropology from McMaster University. He began his career as a heritage professional in 1986. Over the
two and a half decades since, he has overseen the completion of several hundred archaeological and
cultural heritage contracts. He holds professional licence #P007 with the MTCS. Paul is an Associate at
the Heritage Resources Centre, a professional member of the Canadian Association of Heritage
Professionals (CAHP) and of the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA). He is also a member of
the Association of Professional Archaeologists (APA) and is currently President-Elect of the Ontario
Archaeological Society (OAS).
Education
1992-1997 PhD Programme, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto.
Supervisors: E.B. Banning and B. Schroeder. Withdrawn.
1989-1992 M.A., Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
Thesis titled: The Archaeologist's 'Indian': Narrativity and Representation in
Archaeological Discourse.
1985-1989 Honours B.A., Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario.
Major: Prehistoric Archaeology.
Professional Memberships and Accreditations Current Ministry of Tourism Culture and Sport Professional Licence (#P007).
Professional Member of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals
(CAHP).
President-Elect of the Ontario Archaeological Society (OAS).
Associate of the Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo.
RAQS registered with MTO.
Work Experience
Current Vice-President, Operations, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd.
Responsible for winning contracts, client liaison, project excellence, and setting
the policies and priorities for a multi-million dollar heritage consulting firm.
2000-2011 Project Manager/Principal Investigator, Archaeological Research Associates
Ltd.
Managed projects for a heritage consulting firm. In 10 field seasons, managed
hundreds of projects of varying size.
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Work Experience (Continued)
2008-2011 Part-Time Faculty, Wilfrid Laurier University.
Lecturer for Cultural Resource Management course (AR 336). In charge of all
teaching, coursework, and student evaluations.
1995 Field Archaeologist, University of Toronto.
Served as a supervisor on a multinational archaeological project in northern
Jordan.
1992-1995 Teaching Assistant, University of Toronto.
Responsible for teaching and organizing weekly tutorials for a number of courses.
1991-1994 Part-Time Faculty, Wilfrid Laurier University.
Lectured for several courses in anthropology. Held complete responsibility for all
teaching, coursework, and student evaluations.
1992-1996 Partner in Consulting Company, Cultural Management Associates
Incorporated.
Supervised several archaeological contracts in Southern Ontario. Participated in a
major (now published) archaeological potential modeling project for MTO.
1989-1991 Partner in Consulting Company, Cultural Resource Consultants.
Managed the financial affairs of a consulting firm whilst supervising the
completion of several contracts performed for heritage parks in central Ontario.
1988-1991 Principal Investigator/Project Director, Archaeological Research Associates
Ltd.
Oversaw the completion of large contracts, wrote reports, and was responsible for
ensuring that contracts were completed within budget.
1988 Assistant Director of Excavations, St. Marie among the Hurons, Midland,
Ontario.
Duties included crew supervision, mapping, report writing and photography.
1986-1987 Archaeological Crew Person, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd.,
Waterloo, Ontario.
Participated in background research, survey, and excavation on a number of
Archaeological sites across Ontario.
Publications
2012 “The Emperor’s New Archaeology” Arch Notes 17(3), pp. 5-6.
2011 “A Distinctive, Probably Early Palaeoindian, Stone Artifact from the Credit River
Drainage.” KEWA, 11-3.
2006 “Up from the Muck: Towards a Truly Professional Archaeology in Ontario.” Arch
Notes. July/August Issue.
1995 A Biophysical Model for Prehistoric Archaeological Sites in Southern
Ontario. Co-authored with Penny M. Young, Malcolm R. Horne, Colin D. Varley,
and Andrew J. Clish. The Research and Development Branch, MTO.
1993 “The Tales We Tell – The Iroquois as ‘Savage’ in Ontario Archaeology.” Vis a
Vis: Explorations in Anthropology. University of Toronto, Toronto.
1990 “Scary Tales – Narrativity and Representation in Archaeological Discourse.”
Nexus: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology. McMaster University,
Hamilton
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Conference Papers
2014 “What We Do” Presented at the 2014 meetings of the Ontario Archaeological
Society, Peterborough, Ontario.
2014 “A Fool’s Experiment” Presented at the 2014 meetings of the Canadian
Archaeological Association, London, Ontario.
2014 “The Accidental Pilgrim – An Appreciation of Dean Knight” Presented at the
2014 meetings of the Canadian Archaeological Association, London, Ontario.
2014 “Savages.” Presented to the third Annual Cultural and Historical Gathering of the
Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation, New Credit, Ontario.
2013 “Finding Archaeology.” Presented at the 2013 meetings of the Ontario
Archaeological Association, Niagara Falls, Ontario.
2013 “Why Archaeology Matters.” Presented at the 2013 meetings of the Ontario
Archaeological Association, Niagara Falls, Ontario.
2012 “The Archaeology of Anishnawbek Peoples.” Presented to the second Annual
Cultural and Historical Gathering of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First
Nation, New Credit, Ontario.
2012 “The Archaeology of Anishnawbek Peoples.” Presented to the first Annual
Cultural and Historical Gathering of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First
Nation, New Credit, Ontario.
2006 “Up from the Muck: Towards a Truly Professional Archaeology in Ontario.”
Presented at the 2006 meetings of the Canadian Archaeological Association,
Toronto, Ontario.
1997 (With E.B. Banning) “Sampling theory and microrefuse analysis: Neolithic house
floors in Wadi Ziqlab, Jordan.” Presented at the 1997 SAA meetings, Nashville,
TN.
1991 “The Iroquois of Archaeology – Narrativity and Representation in Ontario
Archaeology.” Presented at the 1991 conference of the Northeastern
Anthropological Association, Waterloo, ON.
1990 (With C. Varley & P. Ramsden) “East Meets West – The Mythological and Social
Transformations of Space amongst the Early Historic Iroquois of Ontario.”
Presented at the 1990 Chacmool Conference, University of Calgary.
Select Scholarly Talks
2014 “Pointing at the Moon.” A lecture presented to the London Chapter of the Ontario
Archaeological Society, London, Ontario.
2014 “Yesterday’s Game.” A lecture presented to the Grand River Chapter of the
Ontario Archaeological Society, Cambridge, Ontario.
2014 “The English Tourist.” A lecture presented to the Peterborough Chapter of the
Ontario Archaeological Society, Peterborough, Ontario.
2014 “Savages.” A lecture presented at the Fourth Annual Symposium on Mississauga
History and Culture, New Credit, Ontario.
2014 “A Walk in the Past.” A lecture presented to the senior Aboriginal Studies class at
Huron Heights Secondary School, Kitchener, Ontario.
2014 “Ganödagwёhda:’ dosgёh gёhö:de – The Village Near the Stream.” A lecture
presented to the senior Aboriginal Studies class at Huron Heights Secondary
School, Kitchener, Ontario.
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Selected Scholarly Talks (Continued)
2013 “Why Archaeology Matters.” A lecture presented to the Hamilton Chapter of the
Ontario Archaeological Society, Hamilton, Ontario.
2013 “Why Archaeology Matters.” A lecture presented to the 3rd Aboriginal Monitor
Training Workshop, Ohsweken, Six Nations Territory, Ontario.
2012 “Ganödagwёhda:’ dosgёh gёhö:de – The Village Near the Stream.” A lecture
presented to select Grade 5, 6, and Aboriginal Studies teachers in the Region of
Waterloo.
2012 “The Village Near the Stream.” A lecture presented as part of the TALKS series at
the Waterloo Regional Museum.
2012 “The Archaeology of Anishnawbek Peoples.” A lecture presented at the Second
Annual Symposium on Mississauga History and Culture, New Credit, Ontario.
2012 “Ganödagwёhda:’ dosgёh gёhö:de – The Village Near the Stream.’” A lecture
presented to select Grade 5, 6, and Aboriginal Studies teachers in the Region of
Waterloo.
2011 “The Archaeology of Anishnawbek Peoples.” A lecture presented at the First
Annual Symposium on Mississauga History and Culture, New Credit, Ontario.
2011 “Why Archaeology Matters.” A lecture presented to the 2nd Aboriginal Monitor
Training Workshop, Ohsweken, Six Nations Territory, Ontario.
2011 “Archaeology and Burials.” A lecture presented to the Cemeterian Operations
Level II course at the 56th Annual Professional Development Program of the
Ontario Recreational Facilities Association (ORFA), Guelph, Ontario.
2010 “The Strasburg Creek Site.” A lecture presented to the Education committee of the
City of Kitchener Council, Kitchener, Ontario.
2009 “Ethics in Cultural Resource Management.” A lecture presented to the 2nd
Aboriginal Monitor Training Workshop, Ohsweken, Six Nations Territory,
Ontario.
2009 “The Archaeology of the Grand River Watershed.” A lecture presented to the
Ministry of the Environment at the request of the Six Nations Eco Centre,
Ohsweken, Ontario.
2009 “Heritage Consulting in Ontario.” A lecture presented to students of the heritage
planning programme at the University of Waterloo.
2008 “Ethics in Consulting Archaeology.” A lecture presented to the first Aboriginal
Monitor Training Workshop, Ohsweken, Six Nations Territory, Ontario.
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Curriculum Vitae Kayla Jonas Galvin, B.E.S., CAHP
Heritage Manager
ARCHAEOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD.
154 Otonabee Drive, Kitchener, ON N2C 1L7
Phone: (519) 804-2291 x120
Fax: (519) 286-0493
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.arch-research.com
Biography
Kayla Jonas Galvin, ARA's Heritage Operations Manager, has recently come to ARA and brings
with her a wealth of knowledge gained from working for six and a half years at the Heritage
Resources Centre at the University of Waterloo. She has served as Team Lead on the Ministry of
Tourism, Culture and Sport's (MTCS) Historic Places Initiative. She was Project Coordinator
for Heritage Districts Work!, a study of 64 heritage districts in Ontario carried out by the
Architectural Conservancy of Ontario. She is a co-author of Arch, Truss and Beam: The Grand
River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory in the Grand River Watershed and has worked on
three phases of a Municipal Heritage Inventory in the Town of Halton Hills. Kayla has extensive
experience with Cultural Heritage Landscapes (CHL), including a study of the Goderich Harbour
and an examination of the Black Bridge area of Cambridge. At this writing, Kayla has almost
completed her MA in Planning from the University of Waterloo. Kayla is a professional member
of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals (CAHP).
Education
Current Candidate for MA in Planning, University of Waterloo
2003-2008 Honours BES University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
Joint Major: Environment and Resource Studies and Anthropology Distinction:
Dean’s Honour Roll
Professional Memberships and Accreditations
Current Professional Member of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals
(CAHP)
Work Experience
Current Heritage Manager, Archaeological Research Associates
Coordinated the completion of various heritage inventories, Heritage Impact
Assessments and Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluations.
2009-2013 Heritage Planner, Heritage Resources Centre, University of Waterloo
Coordinated the completion of various contracts associated with built heritage
including responding to grants, RFPs and initiating service proposals.
2008-2009 Project Coordinator, - Heritage Conservation District Study, Architectural
Conservancy of Ontario Coordinated the field research and wrote reports for the study of 32 Heritage
Conservation Districts in Ontario. Managed the efforts of over 84 volunteers, four
staff and municipal planners from 23 communities.
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2007-2008 Team Lead, Historic Place Initiative, Ministry of Culture
Liaised with Ministry of Culture Staff, Centre’s Director and municipal heritage
staff to draft over 850 Statements of Significance for properties to be nominated
to the Canadian Register of Historic Places. Managed a team of four people.
Professional Development 2014 Heritage Preservation and Structural Recording in Historical and Industrial Archaeology,
Wilfrid Laurier University, 12 weeks
2012 Region of Waterloo Workshop on Heritage Impact Assessments, Half-Day
2012 Conducting Historic Building Assessments Workshop, One-Day
2012 Window Restoration Workshop, One-Day
2011 Lime Mortars for Traditionally Constructed Brickwork, Two Day Workshop, ERA
Architects and Historic Restoration Inc., Toronto
2011 Energy and Heritage Buildings Workshop Two-Day Workshop, Heritage
Resources Centre
2010 Grant Writing Three-Day Workshop, Grant Training Centre, Toronto
2010 Architectural Photography, Mohawk College
2010 Project Management Fundamentals, University of Waterloo Continuing Education
2009 Cultural Heritage Landscapes Two-Day Workshop, Heritage Resources Centre
2009 Urban Landscape and Documentary Photography, Mohawk College
2008 Introduction to Digital Photography, Mohawk College
2008 Heritage Planning Four-Day Workshop, Heritage Resources Centre
Publications 2014 Ontario Planning Journal, January/February 2015, “Inventorying our History.”
2014 Municipal World, September 2014, “Mad about Modernism.”
2014 Cities. “Assessing the success of Heritage Conservation
Districts: Insights from Ontario Canada.” with R. Shipley and J. Kovacs.
2014 Acorn, Spring 2014, “Veevers Estate Hamilton: From Historic Farmhouse to
Environmental Showpiece.”
2013 Ontario Planning Journal, November/December 2013, “Grand River Watershed Heritage
Bridge Conservation.” pages 16-17.
2013 Book Committee Chair, “80 for 80: Celebrating 80 Years of the Architectural
Conservancy of Ontario.”
2013 Ontario Planning Journal, January/February 2013, “Building stories about heritage assets:
Community voices.”
2012 Acorn, Fall 2012, “The Case of Northern New Towns.” pages 28-29.
2012 Acorn, Spring 2012. “Creating the Heritage Heroes of the Future,” page 9.
2012 Alternatives, March/April 2012, “In With the Old: The debate on wood vs. vinyl
windows.” page 14.
2011 Urban Affairs Review, “Heritage Districts Work: Evidence from the Province of
Ontario.” with R. Shipley and J. Kovacs.
2011 Municipal World, February 2011, “Moving Forward While Looking Back.” pages 15-16.
2010 Municipal World, September 2010, “Heritage Conservation Districts Work!” pages 27-
28.
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Presentations
2014 “Heritage is #Trending.” Keynote address at the Alberta Municipal Heritage Forum. Red
Deer, AB.
2014 “How to Use Social Media.” Presented at the Alberta Municipal Heritage Forum, Red
Deer, AB.
2014 “Building Stories Workshop.” Presented at the Ontario Heritage Conference. Cornwall,
ON.
2013 “Heritage Conservation Districts.” Presented at the Heritage Conservation Districts &
Heritage Property Insurance Workshop by Community Heritage Ontario, Ajax, ON.
2013 “New Media, New Audiences.” Presented at the National Preservation Conference,
Indianapolis, Indiana.
2012 “Taking it to the next level: How to use social media in your organization.” Presented at
the National Preservation Conference. Spokane, Washington.
2012 “Young Professionals Forum.” Presented at the Ontario Heritage Conference, Kingston,
ON.
2011-13“Ontario Architectural Styles.” Presented for the Heritage Resources Centre.
2011-12 “Heritage Conservation Districts.” Presented for the Heritage Resources Centre.
2011 “Interactive Websites.” Presented at the Heritage Canada Conference, Victoria, BC.
2011 “Creating a Heritage Blog.” Presented at the Ontario Heritage Conference, Cobourg, ON.
2011 “Restore, Repurpose or Replace: What happens when a building gets old?” Presented at
the Art Gallery of Hamilton.
2009 “Results from Conservation Districts Works!” Presented to The Ministry of Culture,
Toronto, ON.
2009 “Heritage and Sustainability.” Presented at Heritage Resources Centre Lunch and Learn
Series, Waterloo, ON.
2008-13 “Introduction to Heritage Conservation Districts.” Presented to PLAN 414, University
of Waterloo.
2008 “Canadian Experience.” Panelist at ICOMOS General Assembly, Quebec City, QB.
2007-13 “Writing Statements of Significance.” Presented to PLAN 414, University of Waterloo.
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Curriculum Vitae
Andrea Carswell, BA Hons, D.CCM
Collections and Laboratory Manager and Conservation Technician
ARCHAEOGICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES LTD.
154 Otonabee Drive, Kitchener, ON N2C 1L7
Phone: (519) 804-2291 ext 140
Fax: (519) 286-0493
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.arch-research.com
Biography
Following a year of experience in heritage preservation and conservation at the Waterloo Region
Museum and an archaeological field season in Belize, Andrea joined ARA as the Collections and
Laboratory Manager as well as a Conservation Technician in 2011. Responsible for the care and
preservation of the collection from field collection through to long-term storage, Andrea utilizes
the most current techniques in artifact preparation, identification and processing. In her capacity
as Conservation Technician, she also manages ARA’s affiliated exhibition and heritage
preservation projects. Andrea holds an Honours B.A. in Anthropology from Trent University, as
well as a post-graduate Diploma in Collections and Conservation Management from Fleming
College. She is a member of the Canadian Museum Association (CMA), the Canadian
Association for Conservation (CAC-ACCR), and the Canadian Archaeological Association
(CAA).
Education
2009–2010 Diploma in Collections Conservation and Management, Fleming College
2005–2009 Honours BA Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario
Major: Anthropology with an Emphasis in Archaeology
Conservation and Preservation Management
Strong understanding of chemical and physical processes of deterioration of organic and
inorganic material types
Competent in the planning and implementation of risk assessments and Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) programs, as well as policy development
Knowledgeable in preserving and restoring cedar shingles, mortar, linseed oil paint, stone
and metal structures
Excellent manual dexterity and hands on application of knowledge in preserving and
restoring artifacts
Formulated condition assessments and treatment reports
Strong problem solving skills, flexibility, and analysis of artifacts for treatment
Performed treatments and created reproductions of various object types
Revamped and formulated a condition report, condition assessment for loan and
exhibition materials, as well as a treatment report for the Waterloo Region Museum
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Work Experience
2011-Current Collections and Laboratory Manager, Archaeological Research Associates
Ltd., Kitchener, Ontario Manages artifact collections, including identification, documentation, and storage.
Coordinate and provide training for lab assistants. Prepares artifact analysis for
archaeological reports. Responsible for maintaining the Ontario Ministry of
Tourism, Culture, and Sports collections standards as per the Standards and
Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Preserves and conserves artifacts,
prepares artifacts for loan, and designs and produces artifact display cases.
2010–2011 Conservation Assistant, Waterloo Region Museum, Kitchener, Ontario
Internship: Conserved, preserved, and documented a variety of mixed collection
artifacts. Prepared artifacts for exhibition.
2007 Field Technician, Trent University, Belize
Field school student for the Trent Social Archaeology Research Program in
Belize. Performed proper techniques and methods of excavation, including
surveying and mapping. Executed artifact, stratification, and archaeological
feature identification. Synthesized and reported findings for analysis as well as
catalogued and cleaned artifacts for storage.
Participated Museum Projects
2014 Managed, designed and developed an exhibit case for Cook Houses, Kitchener
2010–2011 Preserved and treated artifacts for exhibition at the Waterloo Region Museum,
Kitchener
2009–2010 Member of a research team that researched, drafted and built text panels for an
exhibit
2009–2010 Member of a promotions team that designed and organized promotional material
for an opening exhibit as well as the opening reception for the exhibit
2010 Revamped and formulated a condition report, condition assessment for loan and
exhibition materials, as well as a treatment report for the Waterloo Region
Museum, Kitchener
2010 Member of a management team that oversaw the formulation, planning, and
implementation of a Conservation Plan, including a risk assessment and IPM
program, for the Fleming College laboratory and collections storage
2009 Developed and implemented storage techniques the re-housing of a small
collection for Hutchison House, Peterborough
Professional Memberships and Accreditations
Current Member of the Canadian Association for Conservation (CAC-ACCR)
Current Member of the Ontario Archaeology Society, Grand River Chapter
Current Member of the Canadian Museum Association
Current Member of the Ontario Museum Association
Professional Development 2015 Attended RE-ORG Day Conference, Ontario
2014 “Built Heritage and Conservation” workshop with the Canadian Association for
Conservation (CAC-ACCR)
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2013 "Care of Archaeological Artifacts from the Field to the Lab" course, Northern
States Conservation Center
2013 WHMIS Training
2013 Fall Arrest Training
2012 Standard First Aid with CPR A+AED, St.John Ambulance
2010 Fire Prevention Workshop, Peterborough Fire Department, Peterborough, One
Day
2010 Introduction to Photography, Trent Photographic, Peterborough, Ontario
2010 Canadian Association for Conservation Conference (CAC-ACCR), Ottawa
2010 "Preservation of Gravestones and Monuments" presented by Tamara Anson-
Cartwright from the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Half Day
2010 "Cultural Resource Planning and Management Along the Trent-Severn Waterway
(TSW)", workshop by Richard Scott, TSW Planner and Dennis Carter-Edwards,
Cultural Resource Management Manager, One Day
2010 "Built Heritage Preservation" workshop by Erik Hanson, Heritage Preservation
Office, City of Peterborough
2010 "Archaeological Conservation and Collections Management" presented by Dr.
Cathy Mathias, Memorial University
2008 Introductory course to ArcGIS, by Dr. James Connolly, Trent University
Volunteer Experience
2011–Current Representative for Strasburg Creek Site, Archaeological Research
Associates Ltd., Kitchener
Responsible for public outreach at the City of Kitchener's Earth Day event at the
Huron Natural Area, Kitchener. Answered questions concerning archaeology, the
Strasburg creek site, and cultural practices of past Aboriginal groups in the Grand
River area.
2011 Database Assistant, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo
Catalogued and entered artifact data into the database system for Wilfrid Laurier's
Near Eastern Archaeology Department.
2010 Representative for Fleming College, Peterborough
Was a representative for the Collections Conservation and Management program
at Fleming College's Open House. Answered questions concerning the program as
well as general questions about Fleming College.
2010 Preservation Technician, Peterborough Museum and Archives, Peterborough
Worked alongside staff members to clean and maintain exhibit cases.
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