Mid Continent Intensive Campaign
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Transcript of Mid Continent Intensive Campaign
Mid Continent Intensive Campaign
Kenneth Davis1 and Stephen M. Ogle2
Co-Coordinators of MCI Campaign Task Force1 Penn State University
2Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University
NOAA Network Flask (weekly)
NOAA Tall Tower (planned for summer 2007) NOAA Aircraft (~weekly)
NOAA Tall Tower (planned post-summer 2007)
PSU Ring of Towers location (5 sites TBD)
Calibrated Continuous Surface/Short tower site: PSU, Indiana University, LBNL,UofNE
NOAA Radon Analyzer
NACP MCI: NOAA + OTHER CALIBRATED CO2 SURFACE/SHORT TOWER SITES
C
CO2, CO, CH4
CO2
CH4
CO2
CH4
CO2
CH4CH4
CO2
C
Overarching Goal Compare and reconcile to the extent possible,
regional carbon flux estimates from “top-down” inverse modeling with the “bottom-up” inventories
Primary Objectives• Develop approaches to estimate fluxes using
“top-down” atmospheric budgets and “bottom-up” inventories– Individual studies
• Provide both “top-down” and “bottom-up” flux estimates and associated uncertainties– MCI data products
• Evaluate results with independent validation data for both approaches– Additional measurements
• Evaluate differences in results between “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches, diagnose problems, and improve estimates– Synthesis activity
Secondary Objectives• Provide the basis for optimization of field,
satellite and atmospheric sampling schemes
• Determine mechanisms driving regional net fluxes patterns in the MCI region
• Assemble data products required for the “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches
• Provide guidance to future intensives
Science Team • Voluntary Membership
– Investigators with funded projects have been solicited to register relevant studies at NACP website
• Currently includes 34 funded studies and 145 investigators
• Topic groups have been established to focus on specific objectives
Organization of Science Team
Topic Group 1:SubregionalIntensives
Topic Group 2:Top-Down
Inverse Modeling
Topic Group 3:Bottom-Up Modeling
Topic Group 4:Subregional to Region
Analysis
Topic Group 5:Regional Top-Down to
Bottom-Up Analysis
Primary Investigations
ComparativeAnalyses
ConsensusProducts
Region-wide “bottom-up” flux estimates (topic 3)-multiple independent approaches-ecological inventory
Region-wide “top-down” flux estimates (topic 2)-multiple independent approaches-atmospheric inventory
Sub-domain intensives/clusters (flux) (Topic 1)
- develop and evaluate bottom-up and top-down methods at fine spatial scales
Syntheses: (Topic 4,5)- between whole region and sub-regional intensives- between top-down and bottom-up methods
(Obj 1, 2)
(Obj 1, 2)
(Obj 1, 2, 3)
(Obj 1, 2, 3)
Primary Objectives1. Flux estimates2. Internal method
evaluation3. Cross-method
evaluation
NEMSP
IA
WI
IL
OK
Sub regional intensives - topic 1
Parkin - corn/soy
NEMSP
IA
WI/MI
IL
OK
Bolstad, Davis, Kolka, Heinsch, Saliendra, Denning, Curtis - ChEAS - Forest
Williamson, Meyers, Bernacchi, Anderson - Bondville - Corn/soy
Torn, Berry, Fischer - ARM - wheat, pasture. MCI neighbor
Stephens - CME - mountains. MCI neighbor
Verma - Mead - corn/soy
Griffis, Baker, McFadden - corn/soy, suburban
Other contributionsMatamala Corn/soy, prairie, NE Illinois
Gurney Fossil fuel inventory
Cook, ORNL Data support
Morisette, 1,2 MODIS val, MODIS custom
Ollinger Leaf photosynthetic capacity remote sensing at flux sites
West High res agric C accounting
Gu Ozarks, forest, MO
Olsen MCI flux site characterization
Boden AmeriFlux, FACE database
Sub-regional intensives: typical characteristics
• Clusters of flux towers encompassing multiple stand types• Inventory and other more spatially extensive ground sampling to complement / aid in extrapolating flux tower data• Airborne remote sensing (multispectral, lidar) and Quickbird remote sensing to provide custom, high-resolution land surface products.
• Ecological model development using the intensive data
• Sub-regional flux estimates using multiple upscaling methods
• Independent sub-regional flux estimates for evaluation (tall tower or aircraft eddy covariance, sub-regional scale atmospheric inversions)
Whole-region bottom-up projectstopic 3
Region-wide “bottom-up” flux estimates- multiple independent approaches
Ogle Agricultural carbon flux inventory, CENTURY, remote sensing
West Agricultural full greenhouse gas accounting at high resolution
Post Integrated terrestrial carbon model - flux, inventory, experiment
Schmid Super-region flux tower upscaling
Gurney Fossil fuel emissions inventory
Topic 2 projects Bottom-up ‘priors’ for atmospheric inversions
Morisette 2 MODIS custom products
Cook 1,2 ORNL DAAC, MAST-DC data support
Boden AmeriFlux, FACE database support
Challenge - take advantage of the plethora of “topic 1” data and knowledge..
Whole-region top-down projects - topic 2
Berry Advanced ABL budget methods at N. American towers
Andrews et al NOAA tall tower and aircraft network and associated analyses
Davis/Denning Ring of Towers II and associated inverse analyses, flux-CO2 data syntheses
Wofsy et al Model data fusion framework - regional flux-co2-inventory data syntheses
Denning/Zupanski Regional inversion methods development
Morisette 2 MODIS custom products
Cook 1,2 ORNL DAAC, MAST-DC data support
Boden AmeriFlux, FACE database support
Region-wide “top-down” flux estimates (topic 2)- multiple independent approaches
Many atmospheric inversions have region-wide terrestrial carbon flux priors
Examples - sub-regional intensives
Irrigated and Rainfed Maize-Based AgroecosystemsIrrigated and Rainfed Maize-Based AgroecosystemsMeasurements of Mass and Energy FluxesMeasurements of Mass and Energy Fluxes
Mead, NebraskaMead, Nebraska
Close Up ofEddy Covariance
Flux SensorsMeasuring Componentsof Solar Radiation
Eddy Covariance
Measurements of
Carbon Dioxide
and Other Fluxes
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA
Mead, NE Intensive StudyPI: S. Verma; Funding: DOE
Land use within a 10 km radius of the Tall Tower facility based on 30 m resolution USGS NLCD. The major land classes include 40% row crop (brown, mostly corn and soybean) and 33% pasture lands (yellow).
EC-TDL isotope system at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Experiment Station. This system will be deployed at the tall tower facility in spring 2007
Carbon Cycle Processes within a Managed Landscape in Minnesota
Tall Tower at RROC (240 m)
PI: T. Griffis; Funding: NSF
Examples - bottom-up
Carbon Stock Change in Agricultural Lands PI: S. Ogle; Funding: USDA, NASA
Multi-Scale Estimates:
Site, Regional and National Scales
CO2
EcosystemSimulation
ModelActiveSOM
SlowSOM
PassiveSOM
Residues
PlantGrowth
CO2
CO2CO2
CO2
CO2CO2
Land Use and Management Activity
CURRENT LAND USE INFORMATION FROM LOCAL KNOWLEDGE (SHEET A)
STATE INDIANA COUNTY BLACKFORD
FOR INDICATED SOILS ON MAP DETERMINE:
MUID (STATSGO ASSOCIATION) IN004 IN005 IN029 IN032
LAND USE INFORMATION72.9 90.7 74 83.4
CLASS I & II
CLASS III & IV
CLASS V & VI
FOREST OR TREES 10.9 0.9 17.5 11.9
GRASS LANDS 14 7.7 8.5 3.1
WATER / WETLANDS 0.1 0.6 0 1.7
URBAN / OTHER 2 0.05 0 0
TOTAL 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTIONFLAT
ROLLING HILLS
STEEP HILLS
FLOOD PLAIN
OTHER
TOTAL 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
TOTAL CROPLAND: % OF THIS SOIL IDENTIFIED AS CROPLAND . THE SUM OF LAND CAPABILITY CLASS I & II, III & IV , AND V & V I MUST ADD TO THIS %.
CLASS I & II: % OF THIS SOIL THAT IS CLASS I & II CROPLAND.
CLASS III & IV : % OF THIS SOIL THAT IS CLASS III & IV CROPLAND.
CLASS V & V I: % OF THIS SOIL THAT IS CLASS V & V I CROPLAND.
FOREST OR TREES: % OF THIS SOIL IDENTIFIED AS FOREST OR TREES.
GRASS LANDS: % OF THIS SOIL IDENTIFIED AS GRASS LANDS.
WATER / WETLANDS: % OF THIS SOIL IDENTIFIED AS WETLANDS.
URBAN / OTHER LANDS: % OF THIS SOIL IDENTIFIED AS OTHER LANDS INCLUDING URBAN LANDS, DEVELOPED LANDS, ABANDONED LANDS.
LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION: % OF THIS SOIL IN EACH LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION RURAL APPRAISAL
TOTAL CROPLAND
GENERAL LAND USE INFORMATION FROM LOCAL KNOWLEDGE (SHEET B)
STATE INDIANA COUNTY BLACKFORD
HAS ANY PART OF THE COUNTY BEEN DRAINED (YES/NO):
IF YES, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING.
MUID % OF SOIL % OF SOIL
DRAINED DRAINED
IN004
IN005
IN029
IN032
M UID: SOIL MAP UNIT ID FROM STATSGO. (FROM MAP)
% OF SOIL DRAINED: GIVE AN ESTIMATE FOR THESE SOILS OF THE AMOUNT OF DRIANAGE INSTALLED.
TILE DRAINAGEOPEN DITCH DRAINAGE
CARBON SEQUESTRATION RURAL APPRAISAL
TIM E PERIOD OF INSTALLATION: GIVE THE TIME PERIOD WHEN DRAINAGE PRACTICES
WERE INSTALLLED. (i.e. 1930-1950, 1940-1960, 1970-1990, ETC.)
TIME PERIOD OF
INSTALLATION
TIME PERIOD OF
INSTALLATION
GENERAL LAND USE INFORMATION FROM LOCAL KNOWLEDGE (SHEET C)
STATE INDIANA COUNTY BLACKFORD
IS 10% OR MORE OF ANY MUID IRRIGATED (YES/NO):
IF YES, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING.
MUID % OF SOIL ANNUAL AMOUNT TYPES OF SYSTEMSIRRIGATED APPLIED (INCHES)
IN004
IN005
IN029
IN032
M UID: SOIL MAP UNIT ID FROM STATSGO. (FROM MAP)
% OF SOIL IRRIGATED: GIVE AN ESTIMATE FOR THESE SOILS OF THE AMOUNT OF IRRIGATION INSTALLED.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION RURAL APPRAISAL
TIM E PERIOD OF INSTALLATION: GIVE THE TIME PERIOD WHEN IRRIGATION PRACTICES WERE INSTALLLED. (i.e. 1930-1950, 1940-1960, 1970-
1990, ETC.)
ANNUAL AM OUNT APPLIED (INCHES): GIVE AN ESTIMATE OF THE ANNUAL AMOUNT OF IRRIGATION WATER APPLIED IN INCHES. (6 INCHES, 12
INCHES, 15 INCHES, ETC.)
TYPES OF SYSTEM S: TYPICAL TYPE OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM INSTALLED. (CENTER PIVOT, GATED PIPE, ETC.)
TIME PERIOD OF INSTALLATION
COUNTY LEVEL FARMING AND CROPPING SYSTEM HISTORY FROM PRE 1900 TO PRESENT (SHEET D)
STATE INDIANA COUNTY BLACKFORD
TIME FRAME 1970-1990+
% ESTIMATE OF COUNTY BEING FARMED DURING THIS TIME FRAME: 85%
CROP ROTATIONS (SPECIFY 1 TO 3)
1) CORN-SOYBEAN
2)
3)
FOR INDICATED CROPS
CROP NAME CORN SOYBEAN
YIELD (BU OR TONS/AC) 130 40
N FERT APPLIED (LBS/AC) 110
MANURE APPLIED (TONS/AC) 2
TYPICAL TILLAGE OPERATIONS DISK DISK
CULTIVATE DISK
PLANT PLANT
CULTIVATE CULTIVATE
Comments:
TIM E FRAM E: PERIOD OF TIME AS SPECIFIED.
FOR INDICATED CROPS: ACTUAL CROP INFORMATION FOR THE INDICATED CROPS IN THE ROTATIONS.
CROP: CROP NAME AS SHOWN IN CROP ROTATION.
YIELD: CROP Y IELD IN BU/AC FOR GRAINS OR TONS/AC FOR HAY.
N FERT APPLIED: ESTIMATE OF COMMERCIAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLIED ANNUALLY (LBS/AC).
M ANURE APPLIED: ESTIMATE OF MANURE APPLIED ANNUALLY (TONS/AC), BY CROP.
TYPICAL TILLAGE OPERATIONS: TYPICAL TILLAGE OPERATIONS USED TO GROW THIS CROP. (EXAMPLES ARE FALL PLOW;
SPRING PLOW; CHIESEL PLOW; DISK; HARROW; CULTIVATOR; DRILL; PLANT; ETC.)
CARBON SEQUESTRATION RURAL APPRAISAL
% ESTIM ATE OF COUNTY BEING FARM ED DURING THIS TIM E FRAM E: GIVE AN ESTIMATE OF THE COUNTY AREA BEING FARMED
DURING THIS TIME FRAME.
TYPICAL CROP ROTATION: CROP ROTATIONS INCLUDE (CORN-CORN; CORN-SOYBEAN; CORN-CORN-OATS-MEADOW-MEADOW;
CORN-SOYBEAN-CORN-OATS-MEADOW-MEADOW; ETC)
PRACTICES INSTALLED BY COUNTY AND SOIL TYPE
USE IN REPORTING TO DOE FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION(USE SEPARATE SHEET FOR EACH SOIL MUID)
STATE INDIANA COUNTY BLACKFORD MUID IN004
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
MUID: SOIL MAP UNIT ID FROM STATSGO. (FROM MAP)
NO-TILL: NO-TILL FARMING SYSTEM.
ANNUAL CONSERVATION PRACTICES INSTALLED
TREE PLANTING: ALL CONSERVATION PRACTICES THAT INCLUDE TREE PLANTINGS. (WINDBREAKS, SHELTERBELTS, AGRO-FORESTRY)
REDUCED TILLAGE: REDUCED TILLAGE FARMING WHICH LEAVE GREATER THAN 15% RESIDUE AFTER PLANTING. (INCLUDES
MULCH TILL, RIDGE TILL BUT NOT NO-TILL).
COMMON CROP ROTATION (s)ACRES OF CONSERVATION PRACTICES INSTALLED (ACRES)
CROP ROTATION: PICK THE TWO MOST COMMON CROP ROTATIONS. IF ONE ROTATION IS >90% OF CROPPED ACRES,
REPORT ONLY THAT ROTATION. TOTAL FOR THE COUNTY SHOULD EQUAL THE CTIC REPORTED VALUES FROM 1989 TO PRESENT. SEE SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION.
GRASS CONVERSIONS: ALL GRASS PLANTING CONSERVATION PRACTICES.
(WATERWAYS, BUFFERS INCLUDING RIPIARIAN BUFFERS, FILTER STRIPS, TERRACES, CRP).
USE 12' WIDTH FOR TERRACES (LF*12/43560=ACRE). USE 40' WIDTH FOR ALL OTHER PRACTICES REPORTED IN LINEAR FEET (LF*40/43560=ACRE).
WETLANDS CREATED AND/OR RESTORED: ALL CONSERVATION PRACTICES THAT INCLUDE THE CREATION OR RESTORATION OF WETLANDS.
REDUCEDTILLLAGE
NO-TILL REDUCEDTILLLAGE
GRASS CONVERSIONS
TREEPLANTING
WETLANDSCREATEDAND/ORRESTORED
NO-TILL
EnvironmentalConditions:Soils and Weather
Model Inputs Assess Uncertainties:
Soil MonitoringNetwork
PDFRemote Sensing:MODIS EVI
Cumulative change from 1991-2000 = 67.7 Tg C.
Estimates of soil carbon change at 30x30m resolution using combination of remote sensing and inventory products (West et al. in preparation).
Soil C Stock Change in Croplands for Mid-Continent Region (PI: T. West; Funding: NASA)
All Fossil SourcesLn tonnes C/day/gridcell
Improved Fossil/Industrial CO2 ModellingPI: K. Gurney; Funding: NASA
Examples - top-down
Continuous Observations:CO2, CO, horizontal wind, T, RH3 levels: 30, 100, 500mPAR, Rainfall, Surface Pressure
Flask Samples: Daily mid-afternoon from top level (+5 extra per week) Weekly aircraft profiles
Species: CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, SF6, isotopes Halocarbons, COS, … 14CO2
($$)
Tower Aircraft
Continuous Observations on some flights: CO2, O3
Flask Samples: Weekly aircraft profiles-2005 (right now most sites are every 3 weeks)
Species: CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, SF6, isotopes, Halocarbons, COS, limited 14CO2
GPS, temperature, pressure
NOAA ESRL Tall Tower & Aircraft North American Network
PIs: A. Andrews and P. Tans; Funding: NOAA
DATA: CO2, CH4, CO (conc'ns)—tall tower
and aircraft
Fossil fuel, fire inventories
High resolution meteorological fields STILT
“measured” land surface CO2, CO and CH4
surface flux
Model
Remote Sensing and Driver Data (EVI, sunlight, temperature, soil
moisture, vegetation height)
CO2, CO, CH4 bdry values:
remote sta., aircraft data
combustion and advected CO2, CO, CH4
modeled land emission
CO,CO2, CH4
Optimize
PRODUCT
Influence (Footprints)
Optimal regional fluxes
+funct'l response
INPUTS
Eddy flux and field dataa priori
Top-Down Model
Framework for the Harvard/Arizona models PI: S. Wofsy; Funding: NASA
Example - support
Other Thematic Data Centers
Digital Elevation Model SRTM
Nitrogen – Dentener
LAI / fPARMODIS4NACP
Weather / Climate -DAYMET
Historical Land Use LEDAPS
Land Cover – MODIS
Soils –CONUS+
Services
•Data Access•Subsetting •WMS/WCS
MAST-DC Web Page
•Link to Thematic Centers•Index of MAST-DC Data (Mercury)•OPeNDAP access to MAST-DC Data
NACP User Community
(and others)
Metadata Registry
Bottom-up Model Output
Top-Down Model Output
Observation Data Packagesto evaluate model results
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Data Management, PI: B. Cook; Funding: NASA
Progress, concerns• Progress - making the whole more than the sum
of its parts– MCI investigators’ community is tangible - Feb 2006
meeting in Boulder, this meeting. Define specific goals for future meetings.
– NACP support group - metadata of projects - excellent resource.
– MAST-DC, ORNL-DAAC.
• Concerns– Slow tall tower build out. Still only one site for MCI.– Several MCI flux towers unsupported for 2007.– Synthesis topics (4, 5) need attention, possibly
additional support (e.g. must compare top-down - data not yet collected - to bottom-up - many projects nearing completion).
Shameless promotion of an upcoming (relevant) event
Attention: Graduate students involved in research on regional-scale terrestrial biogeochemical cycles of carbon, water and nitrogen: Apply for the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR), 2007 Advanced Study Program's Summer Colloquium, "Regional Biogeochemistry: Needs and Methodologies" to be held June 4-15, 2007 in Boulder , CO. Desai et al. NCAR-ASP and ChEAS RCN (NSF).
http://www.asp.ucar.edu/colloquium/2007/index.jsp• Application deadline is March 1, 2007 For questions
regarding the colloquium email: [email protected]