Abstract

This seminar ldquoAutomatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using

Microcontrollerrdquo is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the

room lights as well us counting number of persons visitors in the room very

accurately When somebody enters into the room then the counter is

incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when

any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one The light will

be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out The total number

of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays The

microcontroller does the above job It receives the signals from the sensors and

this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM

Microcontroller PIC 61F887 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers When

any object pass through the IR Receivers then the IR Rays falling on the

receivers are obstructed this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Automatic room light control is one the highly sensitive electronic design in

the modern countries which has to do with different section of functions It not

common applied anywhere there are valuable places in which the use of this

automatic light control are needed in terms beautifying security purposes and so

on Such places like modern equipped hospitals hotels government executive

lodges and offices

Microcontroller based Automatic room light control This Project Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using Microcontroller is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons visitors in the room very accurately When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays The microcontroller does the above job It receives the signals from the sensors and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM Microcontroller PIC 61F887 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers When any object pass through the IR Receivers then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed this obstruction is sensed by the MicrocontrollerProgram

The aim of this seminar is to

Serve the purpose of security and safety

Show that the Design can enhance the beauty of the building where needed

Bring awareness and increasing the use of microcontrollers in embedded

system design in the field engineering

Design can easily be changed without necessarily changing the hardware

concept of the circuit

Show that the Products are fast produced because the total chip count is

reduced by greater than 70 through the use of a microcontroller in its

architecture

Users can easily customize their products to suit their need

The following steps were taking before this seminarproject was successfully

carried out

1 Sourcing for Circuit diagram

2 Sourcing for required components

3 Writing of computer program simulation

4 Loading of program into the microcontroller (PIC61F887)

5 Circuit construction testing

6 Building the Casing

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

This trend in technology was introduced in the early 19th century when electricity

was first discovered by scientist from the western world by Sir Edward Haughton

in 1876 that was born to the family of Hillary Haughton in north London This

design has the short comings of handling greater power output Also in that

same year an American physicist by name Robert Milestone came up with yet

technique in power change over design In has is design he used pressurized

hydrogen gas to lock to copper doctor bars that was meant to carry the current

down to the load with this introduction high power change overrsquos were made

but also its bulkiness and latency in switching over makes it very difficult to work

around with

In 1889 Professor John Heinz a German mathematician ignited by the early works

of Sir Michael Faraday on electromagnetic induction came up with a design that

uses this scheme - electromagnetic principles ldquothis arrangement was sort of a

relay but in a housing that looks like a transformerrdquo His design was largely

welcomed due to its speed in making or breaking electrical contacts between its

copper contact bars and also the first design that included three phase the short

comings of his design was mainly on size and the cost and thus was only suited to

industrial use alone

Sequel to this discovery series of designs were brought to the market scene like

the power beaker from the Japanese in 1904 by Professor Hong To his design was

largely welcomed due to it miniaturized size and the ability to withstand

enormous power without compromising speed And today a vast model of

designs has been introduced in the market that stems from multi phase power

changeover to single phase power changeover

In our design we are concentrating our focus on single phase power changeover

due to its cost effectiveness and ease of construction

A lighting control system consists of a device that controls electric lighting and

devices alone or as part of a daylight harvesting system for a public commercial

or residential building or property or the theater Lighting control systems are

used for working aesthetic and security illumination for interior exterior and

landscape lighting and theater stage lighting productions They are often part of

sustainable architecture and lighting design for integrated green building energy

conservation programs

Lighting control systems with an embedded processor or industrial computer

device usually include one or more portable or mounted keypad or touchscreen

console interfaces and can include mobile phone operation These control

interfaces allow users the ability to remotely toggle (on-off) power to individual or

groups of lights (and ceiling fans and other devices) operate dimmers and pre-

program space lighting levels

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Automatic room light control is one the highly sensitive electronic design in

the modern countries which has to do with different section of functions It not

common applied anywhere there are valuable places in which the use of this

automatic light control are needed in terms beautifying security purposes and so

on Such places like modern equipped hospitals hotels government executive

lodges and offices

Microcontroller based Automatic room light control This Project Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using Microcontroller is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons visitors in the room very accurately When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays The microcontroller does the above job It receives the signals from the sensors and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM Microcontroller PIC 61F887 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers When any object pass through the IR Receivers then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed this obstruction is sensed by the MicrocontrollerProgram

The aim of this seminar is to

Serve the purpose of security and safety

Show that the Design can enhance the beauty of the building where needed

Bring awareness and increasing the use of microcontrollers in embedded

system design in the field engineering

Design can easily be changed without necessarily changing the hardware

concept of the circuit

Show that the Products are fast produced because the total chip count is

reduced by greater than 70 through the use of a microcontroller in its

architecture

Users can easily customize their products to suit their need

The following steps were taking before this seminarproject was successfully

carried out

1 Sourcing for Circuit diagram

2 Sourcing for required components

3 Writing of computer program simulation

4 Loading of program into the microcontroller (PIC61F887)

5 Circuit construction testing

6 Building the Casing

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

This trend in technology was introduced in the early 19th century when electricity

was first discovered by scientist from the western world by Sir Edward Haughton

in 1876 that was born to the family of Hillary Haughton in north London This

design has the short comings of handling greater power output Also in that

same year an American physicist by name Robert Milestone came up with yet

technique in power change over design In has is design he used pressurized

hydrogen gas to lock to copper doctor bars that was meant to carry the current

down to the load with this introduction high power change overrsquos were made

but also its bulkiness and latency in switching over makes it very difficult to work

around with

In 1889 Professor John Heinz a German mathematician ignited by the early works

of Sir Michael Faraday on electromagnetic induction came up with a design that

uses this scheme - electromagnetic principles ldquothis arrangement was sort of a

relay but in a housing that looks like a transformerrdquo His design was largely

welcomed due to its speed in making or breaking electrical contacts between its

copper contact bars and also the first design that included three phase the short

comings of his design was mainly on size and the cost and thus was only suited to

industrial use alone

Sequel to this discovery series of designs were brought to the market scene like

the power beaker from the Japanese in 1904 by Professor Hong To his design was

largely welcomed due to it miniaturized size and the ability to withstand

enormous power without compromising speed And today a vast model of

designs has been introduced in the market that stems from multi phase power

changeover to single phase power changeover

In our design we are concentrating our focus on single phase power changeover

due to its cost effectiveness and ease of construction

A lighting control system consists of a device that controls electric lighting and

devices alone or as part of a daylight harvesting system for a public commercial

or residential building or property or the theater Lighting control systems are

used for working aesthetic and security illumination for interior exterior and

landscape lighting and theater stage lighting productions They are often part of

sustainable architecture and lighting design for integrated green building energy

conservation programs

Lighting control systems with an embedded processor or industrial computer

device usually include one or more portable or mounted keypad or touchscreen

console interfaces and can include mobile phone operation These control

interfaces allow users the ability to remotely toggle (on-off) power to individual or

groups of lights (and ceiling fans and other devices) operate dimmers and pre-

program space lighting levels

The aim of this seminar is to

Serve the purpose of security and safety

Show that the Design can enhance the beauty of the building where needed

Bring awareness and increasing the use of microcontrollers in embedded

system design in the field engineering

Design can easily be changed without necessarily changing the hardware

concept of the circuit

Show that the Products are fast produced because the total chip count is

reduced by greater than 70 through the use of a microcontroller in its

architecture

Users can easily customize their products to suit their need

The following steps were taking before this seminarproject was successfully

carried out

1 Sourcing for Circuit diagram

2 Sourcing for required components

3 Writing of computer program simulation

4 Loading of program into the microcontroller (PIC61F887)

5 Circuit construction testing

6 Building the Casing

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

This trend in technology was introduced in the early 19th century when electricity

was first discovered by scientist from the western world by Sir Edward Haughton

in 1876 that was born to the family of Hillary Haughton in north London This

design has the short comings of handling greater power output Also in that

same year an American physicist by name Robert Milestone came up with yet

technique in power change over design In has is design he used pressurized

hydrogen gas to lock to copper doctor bars that was meant to carry the current

down to the load with this introduction high power change overrsquos were made

but also its bulkiness and latency in switching over makes it very difficult to work

around with

In 1889 Professor John Heinz a German mathematician ignited by the early works

of Sir Michael Faraday on electromagnetic induction came up with a design that

uses this scheme - electromagnetic principles ldquothis arrangement was sort of a

relay but in a housing that looks like a transformerrdquo His design was largely

welcomed due to its speed in making or breaking electrical contacts between its

copper contact bars and also the first design that included three phase the short

comings of his design was mainly on size and the cost and thus was only suited to

industrial use alone

Sequel to this discovery series of designs were brought to the market scene like

the power beaker from the Japanese in 1904 by Professor Hong To his design was

largely welcomed due to it miniaturized size and the ability to withstand

enormous power without compromising speed And today a vast model of

designs has been introduced in the market that stems from multi phase power

changeover to single phase power changeover

In our design we are concentrating our focus on single phase power changeover

due to its cost effectiveness and ease of construction

A lighting control system consists of a device that controls electric lighting and

devices alone or as part of a daylight harvesting system for a public commercial

or residential building or property or the theater Lighting control systems are

used for working aesthetic and security illumination for interior exterior and

landscape lighting and theater stage lighting productions They are often part of

sustainable architecture and lighting design for integrated green building energy

conservation programs

Lighting control systems with an embedded processor or industrial computer

device usually include one or more portable or mounted keypad or touchscreen

console interfaces and can include mobile phone operation These control

interfaces allow users the ability to remotely toggle (on-off) power to individual or

groups of lights (and ceiling fans and other devices) operate dimmers and pre-

program space lighting levels

The following steps were taking before this seminarproject was successfully

carried out

1 Sourcing for Circuit diagram

2 Sourcing for required components

3 Writing of computer program simulation

4 Loading of program into the microcontroller (PIC61F887)

5 Circuit construction testing

6 Building the Casing

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

This trend in technology was introduced in the early 19th century when electricity

was first discovered by scientist from the western world by Sir Edward Haughton

in 1876 that was born to the family of Hillary Haughton in north London This

design has the short comings of handling greater power output Also in that

same year an American physicist by name Robert Milestone came up with yet

technique in power change over design In has is design he used pressurized

hydrogen gas to lock to copper doctor bars that was meant to carry the current

down to the load with this introduction high power change overrsquos were made

but also its bulkiness and latency in switching over makes it very difficult to work

around with

In 1889 Professor John Heinz a German mathematician ignited by the early works

of Sir Michael Faraday on electromagnetic induction came up with a design that

uses this scheme - electromagnetic principles ldquothis arrangement was sort of a

relay but in a housing that looks like a transformerrdquo His design was largely

welcomed due to its speed in making or breaking electrical contacts between its

copper contact bars and also the first design that included three phase the short

comings of his design was mainly on size and the cost and thus was only suited to

industrial use alone

Sequel to this discovery series of designs were brought to the market scene like

the power beaker from the Japanese in 1904 by Professor Hong To his design was

largely welcomed due to it miniaturized size and the ability to withstand

enormous power without compromising speed And today a vast model of

designs has been introduced in the market that stems from multi phase power

changeover to single phase power changeover

In our design we are concentrating our focus on single phase power changeover

due to its cost effectiveness and ease of construction

A lighting control system consists of a device that controls electric lighting and

devices alone or as part of a daylight harvesting system for a public commercial

or residential building or property or the theater Lighting control systems are

used for working aesthetic and security illumination for interior exterior and

landscape lighting and theater stage lighting productions They are often part of

sustainable architecture and lighting design for integrated green building energy

conservation programs

Lighting control systems with an embedded processor or industrial computer

device usually include one or more portable or mounted keypad or touchscreen

console interfaces and can include mobile phone operation These control

interfaces allow users the ability to remotely toggle (on-off) power to individual or

groups of lights (and ceiling fans and other devices) operate dimmers and pre-

program space lighting levels

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review

This trend in technology was introduced in the early 19th century when electricity

was first discovered by scientist from the western world by Sir Edward Haughton

in 1876 that was born to the family of Hillary Haughton in north London This

design has the short comings of handling greater power output Also in that

same year an American physicist by name Robert Milestone came up with yet

technique in power change over design In has is design he used pressurized

hydrogen gas to lock to copper doctor bars that was meant to carry the current

down to the load with this introduction high power change overrsquos were made

but also its bulkiness and latency in switching over makes it very difficult to work

around with

In 1889 Professor John Heinz a German mathematician ignited by the early works

of Sir Michael Faraday on electromagnetic induction came up with a design that

uses this scheme - electromagnetic principles ldquothis arrangement was sort of a

relay but in a housing that looks like a transformerrdquo His design was largely

welcomed due to its speed in making or breaking electrical contacts between its

copper contact bars and also the first design that included three phase the short

comings of his design was mainly on size and the cost and thus was only suited to

industrial use alone

Sequel to this discovery series of designs were brought to the market scene like

the power beaker from the Japanese in 1904 by Professor Hong To his design was

largely welcomed due to it miniaturized size and the ability to withstand

enormous power without compromising speed And today a vast model of

designs has been introduced in the market that stems from multi phase power

changeover to single phase power changeover

In our design we are concentrating our focus on single phase power changeover

due to its cost effectiveness and ease of construction

A lighting control system consists of a device that controls electric lighting and

devices alone or as part of a daylight harvesting system for a public commercial

or residential building or property or the theater Lighting control systems are

used for working aesthetic and security illumination for interior exterior and

landscape lighting and theater stage lighting productions They are often part of

sustainable architecture and lighting design for integrated green building energy

conservation programs

Lighting control systems with an embedded processor or industrial computer

device usually include one or more portable or mounted keypad or touchscreen

console interfaces and can include mobile phone operation These control

interfaces allow users the ability to remotely toggle (on-off) power to individual or

groups of lights (and ceiling fans and other devices) operate dimmers and pre-

program space lighting levels

enormous power without compromising speed And today a vast model of

designs has been introduced in the market that stems from multi phase power

changeover to single phase power changeover

In our design we are concentrating our focus on single phase power changeover

due to its cost effectiveness and ease of construction

A lighting control system consists of a device that controls electric lighting and

devices alone or as part of a daylight harvesting system for a public commercial

or residential building or property or the theater Lighting control systems are

used for working aesthetic and security illumination for interior exterior and

landscape lighting and theater stage lighting productions They are often part of

sustainable architecture and lighting design for integrated green building energy

conservation programs

Lighting control systems with an embedded processor or industrial computer

device usually include one or more portable or mounted keypad or touchscreen

console interfaces and can include mobile phone operation These control

interfaces allow users the ability to remotely toggle (on-off) power to individual or

groups of lights (and ceiling fans and other devices) operate dimmers and pre-

program space lighting levels

CHAPTER THREE

How it operates

Microcontroller based automatic room light control design are made up with

infrared signal mounted at the edges of the doors in any of the buildings in which

when its energized the transmitting signal and the receiving signal and awaits

any interruption of the links then the microcontroller count the number of

people on the interruption of signal The microcontroller will turn on the light at

the entry point by energizing the switch relay then count the number people that

exit the door point the microcontroller will decrement by the number of people

in the room until the last person exit the door the relay switches back to turn off

the light The exit signal also acknowledges interruption of signal links before

taking effect on the microcontroller

The components use for the design

Power supply unit

Microcontroller

Infrared sensors

transistors

Relay

Crystal (oscillator)

Power supply unit

The microcontroller based automatic room light control circuit is being powered by 5volts using voltage regulator(7805) which allow the micro controller to work on its maximum capacity and perform the following acts

Power supply connectors are connected to the power supply source and

everything starts to happen at high speed The control logic registers what is

going on first It enables only quartz oscillator to operate While the first

preparations are in progress and parasite capacities are being charged the

first milliseconds go by

Power supply connectors are connected to the power supply source and

everything starts to happen at high speed The control logic registers what is

going on first It enables only quartz oscillator to work While the first

Microcontroller

Controller is the main part of the system where all the process flow will be

controlled by this hardware accordingly to the embedded programming in it

Microcontroller is chosen for the system as the controller The functions of the

microcontroller are limited by manufacturers or the types of certain model The

microcontroller that has been used in this system is manufactured by Atmel

Semiconductors and every families of the microcontroller have same or different

features

What is what in microcontroller

Obviously everything that occurs in the microcontroller occurs at high speed and

quite simple but it would not be so useful if there are no special interfaces which

make it complete Text below refers to that

Program Memory (ROM)

The Program Memory is a type of memory which permanently stores a program

being executed Obviously the maximal length of the program that can be written

to depends on the size of the memory Program memory can be built in the

microcontroller or added from outside as a separate chip which depends on type

of the microcontroller

Data Memory (RAM)

Data Memory is a type of memory used for temporary storing and keeping

different data and constants created and used during operating process The

content of this memory is erased once the power is off For example when the

program performs addition it is necessary to have a register presenting what in

everyday life is called ldquoa sumrdquo For that purpose one of the registers in RAM is

named as such and serves for storing results of addition Data memory size goes

up to a few KBs

EEPROM Memory

The EEPROM Memory is a special type of memory which not all the types of the

microcontrollers have Its content can be changed during program execution

(similar to RAM) but it is permanently saved even after the power goes off

(similar to ROM) It is used for storing different values created and used during

operating process and which must be saved upon turning off the device

(calibration values codes values to count up to etc)

A Passive Infrared Sensor

The IR-3 is an infrared sensor system designed to be used in conjunction with Iviersquos programmable iFlex 1026 and 884+ matrix mixers but will work with any equipment that has logic capable of responding to a contact closureThe IR-3 provides a logical signal to the mixer indicating whether a door is open or closed A mixer can be programmed to reconfigure the sound system based on which doors are open combining rooms changing levels

A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures

infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view PIR sensors are often

Power supply unit

The microcontroller based automatic room light control circuit is being powered by 5volts using voltage regulator(7805) which allow the micro controller to work on its maximum capacity and perform the following acts

Power supply connectors are connected to the power supply source and

everything starts to happen at high speed The control logic registers what is

going on first It enables only quartz oscillator to operate While the first

preparations are in progress and parasite capacities are being charged the

first milliseconds go by

Power supply connectors are connected to the power supply source and

everything starts to happen at high speed The control logic registers what is

going on first It enables only quartz oscillator to work While the first

Microcontroller

Controller is the main part of the system where all the process flow will be

controlled by this hardware accordingly to the embedded programming in it

Microcontroller is chosen for the system as the controller The functions of the

microcontroller are limited by manufacturers or the types of certain model The

microcontroller that has been used in this system is manufactured by Atmel

Semiconductors and every families of the microcontroller have same or different

features

What is what in microcontroller

Obviously everything that occurs in the microcontroller occurs at high speed and

quite simple but it would not be so useful if there are no special interfaces which

make it complete Text below refers to that

Program Memory (ROM)

The Program Memory is a type of memory which permanently stores a program

being executed Obviously the maximal length of the program that can be written

to depends on the size of the memory Program memory can be built in the

microcontroller or added from outside as a separate chip which depends on type

of the microcontroller

Data Memory (RAM)

Data Memory is a type of memory used for temporary storing and keeping

different data and constants created and used during operating process The

content of this memory is erased once the power is off For example when the

program performs addition it is necessary to have a register presenting what in

everyday life is called ldquoa sumrdquo For that purpose one of the registers in RAM is

named as such and serves for storing results of addition Data memory size goes

up to a few KBs

EEPROM Memory

The EEPROM Memory is a special type of memory which not all the types of the

microcontrollers have Its content can be changed during program execution

(similar to RAM) but it is permanently saved even after the power goes off

(similar to ROM) It is used for storing different values created and used during

operating process and which must be saved upon turning off the device

(calibration values codes values to count up to etc)

A Passive Infrared Sensor

The IR-3 is an infrared sensor system designed to be used in conjunction with Iviersquos programmable iFlex 1026 and 884+ matrix mixers but will work with any equipment that has logic capable of responding to a contact closureThe IR-3 provides a logical signal to the mixer indicating whether a door is open or closed A mixer can be programmed to reconfigure the sound system based on which doors are open combining rooms changing levels

A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures

infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view PIR sensors are often

What is what in microcontroller

Obviously everything that occurs in the microcontroller occurs at high speed and

quite simple but it would not be so useful if there are no special interfaces which

make it complete Text below refers to that

Program Memory (ROM)

The Program Memory is a type of memory which permanently stores a program

being executed Obviously the maximal length of the program that can be written

to depends on the size of the memory Program memory can be built in the

microcontroller or added from outside as a separate chip which depends on type

of the microcontroller

Data Memory (RAM)

Data Memory is a type of memory used for temporary storing and keeping

different data and constants created and used during operating process The

content of this memory is erased once the power is off For example when the

program performs addition it is necessary to have a register presenting what in

everyday life is called ldquoa sumrdquo For that purpose one of the registers in RAM is

named as such and serves for storing results of addition Data memory size goes

up to a few KBs

EEPROM Memory

The EEPROM Memory is a special type of memory which not all the types of the

microcontrollers have Its content can be changed during program execution

(similar to RAM) but it is permanently saved even after the power goes off

(similar to ROM) It is used for storing different values created and used during

operating process and which must be saved upon turning off the device

(calibration values codes values to count up to etc)

A Passive Infrared Sensor

The IR-3 is an infrared sensor system designed to be used in conjunction with Iviersquos programmable iFlex 1026 and 884+ matrix mixers but will work with any equipment that has logic capable of responding to a contact closureThe IR-3 provides a logical signal to the mixer indicating whether a door is open or closed A mixer can be programmed to reconfigure the sound system based on which doors are open combining rooms changing levels

A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures

infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view PIR sensors are often

(similar to ROM) It is used for storing different values created and used during

operating process and which must be saved upon turning off the device

(calibration values codes values to count up to etc)

A Passive Infrared Sensor

The IR-3 is an infrared sensor system designed to be used in conjunction with Iviersquos programmable iFlex 1026 and 884+ matrix mixers but will work with any equipment that has logic capable of responding to a contact closureThe IR-3 provides a logical signal to the mixer indicating whether a door is open or closed A mixer can be programmed to reconfigure the sound system based on which doors are open combining rooms changing levels

A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures

infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view PIR sensors are often

used in the construction of PIR-based motion detectors (see below) Apparent

motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature such as a

human passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature such as a

wall[1]

All objects above absolute zero emit energy and is in reference to what is known

as black body radiation It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the

human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a

purpose The term passive in this instance means that the PIR device does not

emit an infrared beam but merely passively accepts incoming infrared radiation

ldquoInfrardquo meaning below our ability to detect it visually and ldquoRedrdquo because this

color represents the lowest energy level that our eyes can sense before it

becomes invisible Thus infrared means below the energy level of the color red

and applies to many sources of invisible energy

Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals It is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistors terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals Because the controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling (input) power the transistor provides amplification of a signal Today some transistors are packaged individually but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits

Relay

A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts Relays are found hidden in all sorts of devices In fact some of the first computers ever built used relays to implement A type of relay that can

handle the high power required to directly drive an electric motor is called a contractor Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called protective relays

Crystal (oscillator)

The oscillator can be compared with rhythm section of a mini orchestra Equalized

pulses coming from this circuit enable harmonious and synchronic operating of all

other parts of the microcontroller

It is commonly configured so as to use quartz-crystal or ceramics resonator for

frequency stabilization it is important to know that instructions are not executed

at the rate ordered by oscillator but several times slower The reason for this is

that each instruction is executed in several steps (In some microcontrollers

execution time of all instructions is equal while in others microcontrollers

execution time differs for different instructions)

Block diagram of the design

Door and infrared sensors

PIC 61F887

Micro controller

Infrared receiver

Power source unit

Relay

Switch

Infrared

transmitter

Room light

CHAPTER FOUR

Conclusion

Building this project successfully has been a great challenge to me though

it has exposed me to proper understanding of basic principles of electronics

components This seminar Automatic room light control is an electronic desings

which can be used in a variety of ways ranging from

Advertising

It is used to beatify upgraded buildings

It can also be used in an institution to show various departments contained

in it These and lots more can be achieved with this scintillating electronic

wonder

However it has two major draw backs which are

It is very expensive to install in any firm

Most of the components used are not easily accessible

Recommendation

From the research I have carried on this seminar I found that very few organization knows about this technology and its being use in the western countries Appling this technology in our country in most of the executive buildings will improve our skill of development and attract foreign investors For this process to work effectively there must be constant power in any of the buildings where itrsquos applied

References

Bolylestad R and Nashelky L (1996) Electronic device and circuit Theory

Penfold Robert (1980) Eveready Electronics

Theraja BL and Theraja A K (2002) Text book of electrical Technology

Menkiti AI Aumere OE Eze FC (2005) Introduction to Electronics

Ochiagha GC (Engr Dr) Okoronkwo Charles (Engr) Igweonu EI (Engr) (2005)

Electrical circuit theory with solved examples

Coskun and H Ardam ldquoA Remote Controller for Home and Office Appliances by

Telephonerdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 44 no 4 pp1291- 1297

November 1998

Daldal Nihat Microcontroller Based Control systemrdquo (In Turkish)

MC Term Project Gazi University Ankara 2003

E Wong ldquoA Phone-Based Remote Controller for Home and Office

Automationrdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 40 no 1 pp 28-33 February

1995

wwwengineerlivecomworkingprinciples

CHAPTER FOUR

Conclusion

Building this project successfully has been a great challenge to me though

it has exposed me to proper understanding of basic principles of electronics

components This seminar Automatic room light control is an electronic desings

which can be used in a variety of ways ranging from

Advertising

It is used to beatify upgraded buildings

It can also be used in an institution to show various departments contained

in it These and lots more can be achieved with this scintillating electronic

wonder

However it has two major draw backs which are

It is very expensive to install in any firm

Most of the components used are not easily accessible

Recommendation

From the research I have carried on this seminar I found that very few organization knows about this technology and its being use in the western countries Appling this technology in our country in most of the executive buildings will improve our skill of development and attract foreign investors For this process to work effectively there must be constant power in any of the buildings where itrsquos applied

References

Bolylestad R and Nashelky L (1996) Electronic device and circuit Theory

Penfold Robert (1980) Eveready Electronics

Theraja BL and Theraja A K (2002) Text book of electrical Technology

Menkiti AI Aumere OE Eze FC (2005) Introduction to Electronics

Ochiagha GC (Engr Dr) Okoronkwo Charles (Engr) Igweonu EI (Engr) (2005)

Electrical circuit theory with solved examples

Coskun and H Ardam ldquoA Remote Controller for Home and Office Appliances by

Telephonerdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 44 no 4 pp1291- 1297

November 1998

Daldal Nihat Microcontroller Based Control systemrdquo (In Turkish)

MC Term Project Gazi University Ankara 2003

E Wong ldquoA Phone-Based Remote Controller for Home and Office

Automationrdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 40 no 1 pp 28-33 February

1995

wwwengineerlivecomworkingprinciples

References

Bolylestad R and Nashelky L (1996) Electronic device and circuit Theory

Penfold Robert (1980) Eveready Electronics

Theraja BL and Theraja A K (2002) Text book of electrical Technology

Menkiti AI Aumere OE Eze FC (2005) Introduction to Electronics

Ochiagha GC (Engr Dr) Okoronkwo Charles (Engr) Igweonu EI (Engr) (2005)

Electrical circuit theory with solved examples

Coskun and H Ardam ldquoA Remote Controller for Home and Office Appliances by

Telephonerdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 44 no 4 pp1291- 1297

November 1998

Daldal Nihat Microcontroller Based Control systemrdquo (In Turkish)

MC Term Project Gazi University Ankara 2003

E Wong ldquoA Phone-Based Remote Controller for Home and Office

Automationrdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 40 no 1 pp 28-33 February

1995

wwwengineerlivecomworkingprinciples

• What is what in microcontroller
• • Program Memory (ROM)
  • Data Memory (RAM)
  • EEPROM Memory
  • • Coskun and H Ardam ldquoA Remote Controller for Home and Office Appliances by Telephonerdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 44 no 4 pp1291- 1297 November 1998
    • Daldal Nihat Microcontroller Based Control systemrdquo (In Turkish)
    • MC Term Project Gazi University Ankara 2003
    • E Wong ldquoA Phone-Based Remote Controller for Home and Office
    • Automationrdquo IEEE Trans Consumer Electron vol 40 no 1 pp 28-33 February 1995