Methods for Identifying Urgent Adaptation Needs and Actions under the LDC NAPA Dr. Paul V. Desanker...

Methods for Identifying Urgent Adaptation Needs and Actions under the LDC NAPA

Dr. Paul V. Desanker

Vice-Chair, UNFCCC LDC Expert Group

Miombo AIACC Project AF38

Outline Policy Intervention and Policy Development to

address Climate Change What are NAPAs? Adaptation Funding Overview of Methods for NAPA Results Problems and Next Steps

Article 4.4: Developed countries shall assist the developing countries in meeting costs of adaptation to Climate Change. Relevant issues under negotiation include: National Communications Capacity Building Technology Transfer Financial Mechanism through GEF Article 4.8 and 4.9 Methodologies

UNFCCC Support for adaptation in developing countries

Article 4.9: Parties shall take full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology.

UNFCCC support for LDC needs

Decision 5/CP.7: Support for adaptation in developing countries. Establishment of an LDC work programme.

Decision 27/CP.7: Guidance on LDC Fund. Decision 28/CP.7: NAPA Guidelines. Decision 29/CP.7: Establishment of the LDC

Expert Group (LEG).

Marrakesh Accords, 2001

Important timelines:

• First LEG meeting (Arusha) Feb 2002• GEF operational guidelines on LDC Fund Mar 2002• SBI 16 endorsement of LEG programme of work June 2002• Second LEG meeting (Bonn) July 2002• Review of NAPA guidelines at COP 8 (SB 17) Nov 2002• Further guidance on LDC Fund at COP 8 Nov 2002• Third LEG meeting (Samoa, last week)• COP 9 to review progress, need for continuation, revised TORs

of LEG• COP 9 to provide guidance on funding of NAPA activities

National Adaptation Programme of Action

Objective: Serve as a simplified and direct channel of communication for information relating to the urgent and immediate adaptation needs of the LDCs

Needs addressed through projects and activities that may include capacity building and policy reform

Confidence about need for action based on strong results from IPCC that climate change is happening

IPCC TAR has concluded that

available observational

evidence indicates that regional changes in climate, particularly

increases in temperature, have already affected a

diverse set of physical and biological systems

in many parts of the world.

“There is emerging evidence that some social and economic systems have been affected by the recent increasing frequency

of floods and droughts in some areas”, IPCC TAR.

Mozambique floods in 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 wet seasons highlighted the need for urgent action, and the need for a mechanism for communicating those needs

www.grida.no/climate

Ability of human systems to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on such factors as wealth, technology, education, information, skills, infrastructure, access to resources, and management capabilities.

There is potential for developed and developing

countries to enhance and/or acquire adaptive capabilities.

Populations and communities are highly variable in their endowments with these attributes, and the developing countries, particularly the least developed countries (LDCs), are generally poorest in this regard.

“Those with the Least Resources have the Least Capacity to Adapt and are the Most Vulnerable”

Goals and Objectives The goal of NAPA is to lay out a plan of action about how

to build capacity to adapt to climate change and how to enhance coping strategies to adverse impacts of climate and climate change

An important characteristic of NAPAs is the emphasis on rural communities, and the use of traditional knowledge about coping strategies, and the need for the process to be bottoms-up so it can capture most important vulnerabilities of stakeholders

Critical for NAPAs to including major stakeholder groups, and to be coupled to national development plans and activities

What is the end product? Not simply another lengthy document to join the ranks of

important national action plans

Not simply an opportunity to get ‘busy’ with yet another enabling activity

NAPA should be a bottoms-up action plan that has broad acceptance and is action-oriented.

While the process will be comprehensive to arrive at the NAPA, the final product should be a concise and well justified list of actions and projects to address priority vulnerabilities for the country, or at least to build the capacity to address those vulnerabilities

The NAPA The NAPA would thus be a concise document that

would communicate those urgent needs that a country may have, and a ranked list of actions to address these needs, including project briefs.

NAPA is not an obligation – it is an opportunity for those that have urgent needs

NAPA is a bottoms-up approach, designed to build enable communities of stakeholders in countries to have an active role in enhancing their adaptive capacity

How about the National Communication (NC) as a mechanism for expressing adaptation needs in

LDCs? The NC is a top-down, obligation for parties to communicate

their emissions and plans for mitigation, and some statement about mitigation and adaptation needs

LDCs are not required to submit a NC within 3 yrs, although at least 20 of them have submitted their first national communication

These NCs do not address urgent adaptation needs to the level of detail that would be easily translated into an action.

The long time required to produce a NC is not suited for addressing and communication urgent and immediate needs

Participatory Rapid Integrated Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (PRIVA)

in Support of NAPA

Resources:- NAPA Primer- Annotated Guidelines for NAPA Preparation- PRIVA Tool on CD

Overall Approach

The steps are divided into three levels of effort depending on quality of available information

Level I: present assessments adequate to assist in identifying NAPA adaptation activities using participatory approach

Level II: hazards, risks and coping known, but assessments of vulnerability and adaptation not available. Adequate to conduct a one-pass participatory rapid assessment and result in adaptation options

Level III: hazards, risks and coping unspecified, so some assessment of these required before adaptation options can be derived

Figure 1. Main steps in a participatory process of developing National Adaptation Programmes of Action. Where adequate information exists to complete aNAPA, the country would use the steps under Level I, otherwise hey would conduct synthesis or even data limited data analysis by including Levels II and III.

Build MultidisciplinaryNAPA Teams

Define Goals and Criteria,Review Policies & Identify

Synergies Collate AvailableData & Information

Select PriorityAdaptation Needs usingParticipatory Approach

Develop Project Profiles, ShowIntegration into National Policy

Frameworks & Projects & Submit NAPA

ConductParticipatory Rapid

IntegratedAssessment ofVulnerability

Rank Projects &Activities

Conduct ParticipatoryAssessment to Identify

Urgent AdaptationOptions

Select HighlyVulnerable Sectors,

Systems& Sub-Regions

Identify Hazards,Risks and Coping

Identify UrgentAdaptation Options

Characterize Risk

Characterize CopingAbility

CharacterizeVulnerability

Level I Level IIILevel II

InformationAdequate?

Synthesize AvailableVulnerability Assessments

Identify ClimaticHazards



Synergies





Conduct ParticipatoryAssessment to Identify

Urgent AdaptationOptions




Synergies











Level II




Synergies

Collate AvailableData & Information











Characterize Risk

Characterize CopingAbility

CharacterizeVulnerability

Level III


Identify ClimaticHazards

Research Questions What are rapid assessment methods for identifying

urgent and immediate needs for adaptation? What criteria to rank urgency and ensure equity amongst most vulnerable groups in country?

How engage multiple stakeholders and communities in selection of options and ranking of priorities?

What international policy interventions are needed to address special needs of LDCs?

How should adaptation activities in LDCs be funded? What are data and capacity needs in LDCs to

implement NAPAs?

Approach International policy development and

negotiation Process for NAPA development at national

level that promotes mainstreaming of climate change in development planning

UNFCCC LDC Expert Group to provide advice to LDC parties

Major Problems & Solutions Uncommon understanding

– Non-Obligatory nature of NAPA: NAPA an opportunity– Relationship with National Communication– Home for NAPA: environment ministry versus broader

Methods for Ranking Needs and Activities Country-drivenness

Intervention:– Regional workshops by LEG to interact with parties

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