a)Electricity is not free, for production, cost is incurred in the form of Fuel cost or Employee cost Capital cost b)The production cost have to be born by consumer c)Producer is one and consumers are many d)Cost cannot be equally divided among the consumers

Recovery of Cost 1) By equally dividing among the consumer a)All consumers does not consume equal energy b)Why pay for the energy used by other 2) By dividing the cost by installed consumption capacity of consumer a)Under recover for producer b)Consumer have to pay even for the energy not used by them

Install Meter at each Consumer

Direct Metering

Indirect Metering

Direct Metering

Voltage and Current are directly applied to the Meter

P N

Phase Side Load Side

Indirect Metering

Energy Meter

P

N CT

PT

Supply Side Load Side

CT is provided for measurement of Current

PT is Installed for measurement of Voltage

Accuracy Class of Meters Class 2 Used where energy consumption is very low

Class 1 Used where energy consumption is medium

Class 0.5 Where bulk energy is consumed or

generated Class 0.2 Same as class 0.5 however where more

accounting of energy is required

Selection of Direct Current Meter

Direct meters have different current ranges i.e. 2Amp, 5Amp, 20 Amp or so

Meters are selected so that minimum load of customer should be more than 20% of the full current

Indirect Metering

Standard current for meters are 1 or 5 amps

Some manufacturer provide both options

Generally meters have PT inputs of 110V for 3 ph 3wire and 63 volts for 3ph 4 wire

As per requirement of customer special range CT and PT can be produced

CT

Energy Meter PT

Factors Effect Metering

Accuracy Class Meter Current Transformer ( CT) Potential Transformer Location of Meter

Size of Conductor for Current Transformer Potential Transformer

For example Meter acc class : 0.5 CT acc class : 0.5 PT Acc class : 0.5 Then over all accuracy of measurement will be 1.5%

Location of Meter at site If possible install meter

near to CT and PT secondary.

Use of large cross section of pilot wires

Removal of all burdens from CT and PT secondary

Separate core for commercial metering

.. And so have the meters

Energy Meters Energy Meters Conventionally Measures a Single Quantity - KWh - KVArh - KVAh

Energy Meters are used for Commercial purpose ( i.e to record consumption of Energy by consumer and correspondingly billing to consumer)

The viability of Power Utility depends upon 1. Accuracy & Efficiency in collecting

meter reading and issue of Bills there after.

2.Collection Efficiency.

This was the Energy Meters in good old days way back to 1909

Life cycle

Todays Energy Meters are Data Loggers

They Churn out a lot of data

They give much more than Energy Reading

Meters Yesterday Meters today

Single Parameter(KWH)

Single Reading

Manual Reading - Error prone

Manual Computation

Multiple Parameters Multiple Readings

( load survey) Electronic Reading - less Error prone Computer aided

computations Error Prone Less errors

Advantage of Electronic Meters

More Accurate than Electromechanical meters

They are data loggers & log time Stamped Data

They are read Electronically & human Errors is Eliminated

Remote Reading is Possible (Direct, PSTN, GSM, GPRS)

They Can detect & log illogical Events ( Tamper)

Appropriate for Consumer End meters only

Manual Reading

This only Extract Data from Meter.

Today ,with modern Electronic Meter

Read Electronically, not from Display

Complicated Tariff

Yesterday with Electromechanical Meters

Consumption determined from computer , far away from meter

Software (BSC) needed for Data Extraction

Metering System Software

Meters has a large amount of data, not practical to read using display , better to read Electronically

Software supplied by meter manufacturers is not sufficient for deriving information from the data

Third party application software or services are now needed

We will deal with Meter Reading and system software for meter reading/ Data extraction.

Inductively Coupled PPU

Optical Port

Terminal Block

Extended Terminal Block Transparent

Button for Display Scrolling/scroll lock

Front Side sealing arrangement

Button for reverse Scrolling

Rating Plate

LCD Display

Calibration LED

Display & logged Parameters

Display Mode Auto Display (for quick reference) Push Button Display (for detailed information)

Scrolls Automatically

Display can be accessed by Meter Reader

To see History Data and Tamper Information

Useful to identify meters that requires close investigation

Display Parameters Information Shown on the Display of Electronic Meter

Self Diagnostics

LED Segment Check

Battery & NVM Health

RTC Date & Time

Meter Serial no.

Date/Time in RTC

V, I, PF,kW, kVAr etc.

Power On/Off hours

Rising demand with elapsed time

Instantaneous Parameters

Basic Information

Missing Potential

Current Reverse

Short/Open Circuit

Load Imbalance

Cum Count of Events

Billing Information

Cumulative Registers

TOU wise MDs

6 or 12 history data

Tamper Information

Logged Parameters

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters Logged parameters can be categorized as

Logged Parameters

Billing Information Load Survey Events or tampers Transactions

Instantaneous Parameters

There are electrical parameter as seen By the meter at the time of reading or can read locally Using MRI

Can cover Voltage, Current, PF, kW, kVAr, kVA etc

They are interpreted & displayed in the BSC

Capacity to log Parameters is a key Feature of Electronic Meters

Logged Parameters Can be Categorized as

Instantaneous Parameters

Load survey Events or Tampers Transactions

These are based on Tariff type Programmed to meter

These are packets of information on billing parameters like energy, MD etc. for each billing cycle

They are also interpreted & displayed in the BCS

Billing Information

Logged Parameters

Instantaneous parameters Billing information

Load survey

Events or tampers Transactions

-They are periodic interval-wise information, intervals known as SIP -SIP is typically hour for consumer meters & hour for boundary meters -Generally average values of kWh, kVArh, kVAh, frequency, PF, Voltages, Currents, Power Down Time etc.

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters Logged parameters can be categorized as

Logged Parameters

Events or Tampers

Transactions

Are simply illogical electrical events as seen by meter -The correct way is to refer to them as events and not tampers -No meter can be called tamper proof meter -Modern meters have 3 types of tamper related features -Tamper proof features -Tamper deterrent features -Tamper Evident features

Instantaneous Parameters Billing Information Load Survey

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters Logged parameters can be categorized as

Logged Parameters

Instantaneous Parameters Billing Information Load Survey Events or Tampers

Transactions They are interchange of information between meter & MRI They include change of tariff programme in meter, definition of kVArh & kVAh, resetting MD,changing date/time etc.

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters Logged parameters can be categorized as

Logged Parameters

Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)

What Is MRI ? Hand Held Unit (HHU) for Meter Reading. Small, compact DOS or Windows Computer Capable to Communicate with : Static Energy Meters /Computer

Uses of MRI - Data Collection from Meter -Can read different make meters with Common MRI (CMRI) - Instantaneous Parameters checked by install check S/w

Features Of MRI Battery Operated Instrument. Comprises of : -A Keypad. -LCD Display. - Communication Ports. - Charger Connector. Pre loaded Software.

CMRI Analogic

LCD Screen

Power/Resume switch & status LED

45 key Membrane keypad

- 4,6 MB for data storage -2 MB for program storage - 16 line display ( 16 *24 ) - 100% PC Compatibility in a Rugged Hand Held - Runs MS-DOS and Virtually any PC Program -PC communications Software at up to 115K bps -Optional second RJ-11 Port through built-in

Common Optical cord

Menu Visible on MRI Screen

1 SEMS 2 SEMS-CHK 3 L&T 4 PHASOR 5 DUKE

a) Press 1 to read Secure Meters

b) Press 3 to read L&T Meters

c) Press 4 to read phasor of meter

d) Press 5 to read Duke meter

Pressing Option-1 for Secure Meter

0. Quit 1. Read Meter Data 2. Dump Data 3. Read Energy 4. Calibration 5. Terminal 6. Space 7. Identification No 8. Load survey Days

For L&T Meter press 3

(D) COLLECT DATA (C) CURRENT BILLING (B) PREVIOUS BILLING (T) TAMPER DATA (i) INSTANTANEOUS DATA (S) COLLECT SETTING (L) LOAD SURVEY (M) MD RESET (a)TAMPER RESET (P) PROGRAMMING MODE (U) PC COMMUNICATION (H) HHT DOWNLOAD (R) ACCURACY TEST (O) MEMORY STATUS (X) EXIT

Electronic Meter Reading Methods -Direct Reading through MRI. -Reading by Low Power Radio. -Reading by GSM/GPRS/PSTN.

Meter Data Downloading After Reading the Meter its Data can be downloaded in respective BCS ( Base Computer Software). This data contains all the data like Instantaneous, Billing, Load Survey, Event & Transaction data. File name extension of data is .mrd in case of Secure meters and .VIN in case of L&T meters

Base Computer Software (BCS) Meter make BCS 1. Secure Smart2k 2. L&T Vincom 3. PRI UK Integrator 4. ABB/Elster Raster

Main Screen

INSTANTANEOUS VALUES

PHASOR DIAGRAM

Depicting Phase Reversal

CT , PT, Meter Specifications

Meter Serial Number Downloaded

Date and time of Reading

TOD Power Factor History

Maximum Demand History

LOAD SURVEY GRAPH

load Imbalance

Working with L&T BCS

Meter specifications Date and time of meter collection

Phasor of meter downloads

Previous consumption

Max Demand recorded 206.5 Kw On 1/8/2011 at 00:00 Hrs

What is DLMS/COSEM DLMS - What is it?

Automatic Meter Reading, or more general - Demand Side Management - needs universal definitions, needs communication standards. DLMS/COSEM is the common language so that the partners can understand each other

What is DLMS? DLMS stands for Distribution Line Message Specification. It is an application layer specification, independent of the lower layers and thus of the communication channel, designed to support messaging to and from (energy) distribution devices in a computer-integrated environment. It is an international standards established by IEC TC 57 and published as IEC 61334-4-41. The concept was driven forward later to become Device Language Message Specification with the objective to provide an interoperable environment for structured modelling and meter data exchange. Applications like remote meter reading, remote control and value added services for metering any kind of energy, like electricity, water, gas or heat are supported.

DLMS: Device Language Message specification - a generalized concept for abstract modeling of communication entities

COSEM: COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering - sets the rules, based on existing standards, for data exchange with energy meters

The IEC TC13 WG 14 groups the DLMS specifications under the common heading: "Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control". DLMS protocol suite is not specific to electricity metering. IEC 62056-21: Direct local data exchange (3d edition of IEC

61107) describes how to use COSEM over a local port (optical or current loop)

IEC 62056-42: Physical layer services and procedures for connection-oriented asynchronous data exchange

IEC 62056-46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol IEC 62056-47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4 networks IEC 62056-53: COSEM Application layer IEC 62056-61: Object identification system (OBIS) IEC 62056-62: Interface classes

Thanks

Slide Number 1MeteringSlide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Meter, Meter Reading Instrument ( MRI)Base Computer Software (BCS) for Meter Data Management ( MDM) & Meter Data Acquisition System (MDAS)Technologies have evolved over a period of timeSlide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Information Available in Modern Electronic MetersSlide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Slide Number 48Slide Number 49Slide Number 50Working with Secure smart 2000 BCSSlide Number 52Slide Number 53Slide Number 54Slide Number 55Slide Number 56Slide Number 57Slide Number 58Slide Number 59Slide Number 60Slide Number 61Slide Number 62Slide Number 63Slide Number 64Slide Number 65Slide Number 66Slide Number 67Slide Number 68Slide Number 69Slide Number 70Slide Number 71Slide Number 72Slide Number 73Slide Number 74Slide Number 75Slide Number 76Slide Number 77Slide Number 78