Memory, Sleep, And Study Skills
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Transcript of Memory, Sleep, And Study Skills
8/8/2019 Memory, Sleep, And Study Skills
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´Memory, sleep, andstudy skillsµ
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What things are to be remembered?
How much memory do I need?
Other things being equal, a richly
filled and tenacious memory is a
precious resource
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Do not overload the memory with every notion, fact,
image, quotation, available. Junk !
We fill up our minds, but only with useful things
Memory overload is injurious to personal thought and to
attention
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It is a capital rule to bring the memory into the general
current of our intellectual life, to make it share in our
vocation
Specialisation ± concentration on the principal object
Memory as ecstasy ± memory of the ³parrot´ versus
³inspirational´ memory
Body hygiene
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One·s memory must not be chaos The worth of every experience
depends on its connection, itsgrouping with other experiences
Merely to accumulate recollections is
to make them all unusable and
inevitably to recover them only by
chance
Never attempt to commit to memory
what you have not meditated on
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Look always for what connects this thing with that, what
conditions are necessary for this and for that; let this co-
ordination, and not scattered fragments, fix itself in your
memory
How does an airplane fly?
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A well-ordered mind is like a genealogical tree, in which
all the branches spring from the trunk and so
communicate with one another
Studying by explaining to oneself what has just been
studied
³Gyroscopy´
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The primordial, the fundamental, the simple, whence
complexity arises step by step and through successive
differences, is what supports memory, as it does
knowledge
The basic definitions
The early chapters
³Company Law 201´
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A new idea acts retrospectively; a torch throws its light
behind as well as before
A good book read throws more light on previous ones
that were ill understood
A poorly understood
theme after a time interval
will always give new insight
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Order in mind and memory protects
us from excessive strain
What is useless, what finds room in
chaos, finds none in an organised
whole
Note taking and organisation for
exams
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There are in every subject-matter a few
ideas that govern the whole
Every book is a commentary on a single
idea
Every philosopher spends his career
elaborating one single theme
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Explain the process of food digestionto me
This overall view is usually obtained in the lecture or atthe first reading. This is the first memory and thefoundation of all additional memory
³To everyone that hath shall be given and he shall
abound´
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How they can be remembered?
Aerobic exercises
Concentration
Socialise
Sleep
Reduce stress
Eat well
Avoid depression and emotionalinstability
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T he 5 rules of St. T homas Aquinas1. To set in order what one wants to remember
2. To apply the mind deeply to it
3. To think over it often
4. When one wants to recollect it, to take the chain of
connections by one end, which will bring the rest with it
5. To connect the memory of intellectual things with that of
sensible things
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(1) T o set in order So when you want to remember, notice the connections
and the reasons of things; analyse them, look for the whyand wherefore, observe the genealogy of happenings,
their order of succession, and their dependent
consequences
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How many letters here can you remember?
FBIPHDTW AIBM
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Now how many can you remember?
FBI PHD TW A IBM
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(3) T o think over it often Life obliterates the traces of
life ± need to run the toolover the lines again
Agitation of mind is
detrimental to thought - a
peaceful life, passion-free,is necessary for the good
use of memory
Panic before exams
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(3) T he faculty of admiration, and youth of soulin face of nature and life, also contribute tomemory
We should retain that openness to being swept off our
feet by a high value
Mary was swept off her feet by the Annunciation and
went hurrying to the hill country to visit Elizabeth andshare her joy with the latter
All the Apostles were practically swept off their feet by the
encounter with Our Lord, including Peter at the waterside
An interesting lecture or lecturer
An interesting topic or a fresh topic
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(4) When one wants to recollect Take advantage of that fact of mutual dependence
between thoughts and impressions
Mnemonics
Gyroscopy
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(5) Cultivation of necessary contacts
Sensible things are the proper object of the intellect and
belong to memory of themselves, the others indirectly, byaccident
³The difficulty of novel-writers nowadays seems to me to
be this: if they do not go into society their books are
unreadable, and if they do, they have no time to write.´
Society is a book to read, even though a commonplace
book
Footsteps in the snow of St. Josemaria
³Tomate y leer´ of St. Augustine
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(5) Cultivating the necessary contacts
Purely bookish knowledge is fragile; it suffers from the
defect of the abstract
Amiel to himself: ³You are a captive balloon, see that the
rope holding you to earth does not wear thin´
What is dreaming but thought cut off from the outer world, thought that has ceased to will?
Practicals, clinicals, experiments, excursions
Application of acquired concepts to reality: newspapers,
get-togethers, television
The ³inquisitive´ and ³acquisitive´ mind
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Sleep and study
skills
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Sleep Sleep, natural state of rest characterised by reduced
body movement and decreased awareness of surroundings
Sleep versus hibernation or coma
All mammals and birds sleep, but scientists are unsure if reptiles, fish, insects, and other life forms sleep
In general, large mammals tend to sleep less than small
mammals
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Mammal sleep requirements
Giraffe 2
Horse, elephant 3
Cow, goat, donkey, sheep 4
Man (adult), pig, rhinoceros 8
Mouse 13
Koala, giant sloth 20
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Kinds of sleep Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: short, rapid EEG
waves, eye movements, associated with dreams,complete muscle atonia
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep: large, slow EEG
waves, no eye movements, no dreams, muscle tone
present, slow breathing and heart rate, low bodytemperature and pressure
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EEG recording of REM sleep highlighted by red line: short, rapidwaves
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REM and NREM sleep
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T he physiology of sleep (1) EEGs have shown that during a normal night, humans
cycle between REM sleep and NREM sleep in veryregular patterns
In adults aged 20 to 60, REM sleep occurs about every
90 minutes
In this 90-minute cycle, humans fall into progressively
deeper stages of NREM sleep, then cycle back through
the stages until they enter REM sleep, and then the cycle
begins again
In a normal night, the number of REM periods varies from
4 to 6, depending on the length of the episodes and the
total time asleep
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T he physiology of sleep (2) REM episodes in the beginning of the night usually last
about 10 minutes and, during the night, growprogressively longer, lasting up to 30 minutes in the early
hours of the morning
Most adults spend about 20-25% of their total sleep time
in REM sleep; it is common for one to wake for a shorttime at the end of a REM phase
REM sleep is generated by a region in the brainstem,
called the pons, and adjacent portions of the midbrain
The neurons most critical to NREM sleep control are in
the basal forebrain, the region of the brain lying in front of
the hypothalamus
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T he physiology of sleep (3) Research has shown that REM and NREM sleep may
serve specific biological functions
Sleep deprivation studies show that depriving subject of
one type results in more of that type in next sleeping
period
REM sleep: memory storage, procedural memory
NREM sleep: recollection and amplification of recent
memory
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Sleep patterns among students
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Sleep patterns among students-2 Recent study suggests that REM sleep plays an
important role in consolidating the day's events intomemory
Single 8-hour sleep versus two 4-hour spells or a 5-hour
and a 3-hour combination
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T he work of the night Sleep is a relaxation of tension; the conscious will lays
down its function, ceases to trouble about living, aims atno purpose, and largely surrenders itself to mother nature
The transmission belt of the human motor now passes
from the free-will of the individual to the free-play of
cosmic forces (paths unknown to clear consciousness)
Our inner powers are grouped in a new way; our
thoughts arrange themselves; the intersect; the energy
set free by the cessation of activity is used effortlessly
For the intellectual, sleep itself is work, daily toil
Sleep as a windmill or a river with installed turbines
How will you set about this?
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T he work of the night (2) S ometimes, no particular ingenuity is required. When you
wake, you find the collaboration of sleep all performed
and recorded. The work of the previous day appears to
you in a clearer light; a new path, a virgin region lies
before you; some relationship of ideas, of facts, of
expressions, some happy comparison or illuminating
image, a whole passage perhaps or a plan ready to berealised, will have surged into your consciousness
The habit of St. Josemaria; scrap papers; diary
Inspirations at Mass or morning prayer
Sleep works of itself, but it works on existing material; its
work must be prepared
The custom of the monks; the custom of St. Josemaria
Call things to your mind as you fall asleep; restfully, off
course
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Rest is not death; it is life, and all life bears fruit. While
you yourself can gather the fruit of sleep, do not leave itto the birds of night
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T he common virtues Virtue potentially contains intellectuality, for, since it leads
to our end, which is intellectual, virtue is equivalent to thesupreme knowledge
In man there is a mutual interdependence of virtue and
truth (knowledge). The faculty of discernment has its
safeguard in the soul
Virtue is the health of the soul; and health affects the
sight
³How will you manage to think rightly with a sick soul, aheart ravaged by vice, pulled this way and that by
passion, dragged astray by violent or guilty love?´
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T he common virtues (2) St. Thomas Aquinas: ³The exercise of the moral virtues,
of the virtues by which the passions are held in check, isof great importance for the acquisition of knowledge´
How can we explain this?
On what does all the effort of study depend? Onattention, which delimits the field for research,
concentrates on it, brings all our powers to bear on it;
next, on judgment, which gathers up the fruit of
investigation. Now, passions and vices relax attention,
scatter it, lead it astray; and they injure the judgment in
roundabout ways
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T he common virtues (3) Let us turn briefly to psychology
The ³psychology of the feelings´ governs practice [I ambetter at things that I like], but also to a large extent
thought
Knowledge depends on the direction given to our
passions and on our moral habits. To calm our passionsis to awaken in ourselves the sense of the universal; to
correct ourselves is to bring out the sense of the true
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T he common virtues (4) Let us carry the analysis further: What are the enemies of
knowledge? Sloth: grave of the best gifts
Sensuality: weakens the body; befogs the imagination;
dulls the intellect; scatters memory
Pride: dazzles and darkens with our own spirit and makesthe universal truth escape us
Envy: refuses to acknowledge any other light but our own
Irritation: repels constructive criticism
Without these obstacles, a man of study will rise toheights greater or less according to his resources and his
environment; but he will reach the level of his own gifts,
of his own destiny
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T he common virtues (5) Now let us get to the summit !!
³Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God´
Purity of heart requires purity of soul
At the summit of things, the true and the good are not
only connected, but are identical
Gnoseology
Life of prayer
The Holy Mass
Struggle to acquire virtues
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