Memory Sandra Cortez McElmoyl Psychology MT4. Physical Location of Memory The hippocampus is were we...
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Transcript of Memory Sandra Cortez McElmoyl Psychology MT4. Physical Location of Memory The hippocampus is were we...
Memory
Sandra CortezMcElmoyl
Psychology MT4
Physical Location of Memory • The hippocampus is were
we form, organize and store memory
• Since both sides of the brains are the hippocampus can be found on each side
• If you damage both hippocampus you can lose the ability to form new memories
3 Stages of Memory
• Encoding: is the first step of creating new memory
• It allows the item of interest to be changed to a construct that can be stored in the brain
• Mentally processing information so it can be entered into memory
• Storage: Holding the information for a period of time in short term or long term memory depending on the importance, attitude or experience
• Retrieval: Accessing or recalling memories when needed
The 3 stages of memory formation
• Sensory Memory• Short-Term
Memory • Long-Term
Memory
Sensory Memory
• Sensory Memory is the first level of memory
• Capable of retaining information for a very short time
• Vision system still kind of remembers image while hearing retains sounds for a few more seconds
• Sensory Memories is divided into two forms
• Iconic Memories • Echoic Memories• Iconic is a visual
representation• Echoic is sound
Shorty-Term Memory
• Also known as “working Memory”
• Holds information we are currently thinking about
• We are limited in capacity to seven items
• Practicing this information can help continue on the next stage
Long-Term Memory
• Is the ability to store more information for a long period of time
• Items held in long-term memory are held almost permanently
• Phone numbers • Names• Addresses
3 Categories of Long-Term Memories
• Episodic Memories: life experiences
• Sematic Memories: considered declarative memory involves information/knowledge
• Procedural/Implicate Memories: incognitos ability to retrieve information about how to preform a task
Forgetting
• Forgetting is when one fails to retrieve information that we know is stored in the memory
• Why we fail to store may be because we have not encoded properly not making it into long-term memory
• Also interference may be a factor of forgetting because when information is similar to other information they can interfere with other memories
• Memory will begin to fade over time and disappear over time if they have not been used or reviewed
3 Types of Amnesia • Amnesia is memory loss
usually caused by physical damage to the brain or when oxygen is cut off the brain
• Retrograde amnesia: head trauma blocks memories before the accident
• Anterograde amnesia: not able to store memory after the accident
• Dissociative or psychogenic amnesia
Elaborative vs. Maintenance Rehearsal
• Maintenance Rehearsal is when you repeat things over and over so you can try and hold the information
• Elaborative Rehearsal is thinking of a meaning to what you are trying to remember instead of just repeating the work over and over
Ways to Improve Memory
• Stay mentally active: just like you exercise the body exercise the brain you can try crossword puzzles, reading or even try musical instruments
• Socialize regularly: interacting with loved ones can help stress and depression which contribute to memory loss
• Be organized:
• Focus: limit distractions by not doing to many things at once
• Eat a healthy diet: never skip breakfast
• Exercise regularly• Manage chronic
conditions
How Accurate is Memory
• Most people think that memory is like a book
• Scientist have found that human memory changes constantly
• Memories lose details and become distorted as time passes also known as memory Decay
How does Aging Affect Memory?
• As people get older they tend to lose their memory especially short-term memory because they lose 20 percent of the nerve connected to the hippocampus
• They have a more difficult time remembering recent things but they might remember very well what happened 40 years ago
Citations • "Basic Memory Processes." Basic Memory Processes. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014.• "Memory Loss: 7 Tips to Improve Your Memory." - Mayo
Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. • "THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM." THE BRAIN FROM
TOP TO BOTTOM. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.• "The Human Memory - What It Is, How It Works and How
It Can Go Wrong." The Human Memory - What It Is, How It Works and How It Can Go Wrong. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014.
• "Way More than Your Textbook." Boundless. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.