Meiosis review
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Transcript of Meiosis review
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MEIOSISReview
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Parents can produce many types of offspring
Families will have resemblances, but no two are exactly alike
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Every cell has a nucleus
Every nucleus has chromosomes
The number of chromosomes depends on the species
Ex. Humans have 46
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GENES are located on chromosomes
Genes control the TRAITS of the individual
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Chromosomes come in matching sets-these are called homologous pairs
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• Homologous = matching pairs– each cell has 22 of these
• The last pair is the X and Y chromosome which determines the sex of the offspring
• The picture in the last slide of a set of human chromosomes is a karyotype
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Cells in your body have a complete set (all 46) - they are called DIPLOID
Sex cells (sperm and eggs) only have half (23) - they are called HAPLOID
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Find the homologous chromosome for the three under the line. Don’t go by size…look at the patterns.
A BC
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When GAMETES combine, the ZYGOTE (offspring) gets half from mom (23) and half from dad (23)
ZYGOTES are diploid (46)
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When sperm and egg meet, their chromosomes much match for the zygote to develop properly.
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1. Matching sets of chromosomes are called ________ pairs2. Egg and sperm combine to make a _______________3. Egg and sperm are both known as _______________4. A cell that only has half of a set of chromosomes is said to be _______________.5. Genes are located on ___________________
Let's review terms......
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The process of creating a gamete (sex cell) is called MEIOSIS
It is similar to mitosis, but will produce 4 daughter cells that are each haploid.
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OOGENESIS - makes eggs (ovum)
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Spermatogenesis - makes sperm
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PROPHASE I of MEIOSIS
- homologous pairs form -chromosomes trade genes, CROSSING -OVER
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Crossing-over increases the number of possible gene combinations
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Steps of Meiosis