Medieval Medieval ChristianityChristianitySS.A.2.4.7; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.2.4.7; SS.B.1.4.4;

SS.A.3.4.4SS.A.3.4.4

The Papacy & PoliticsThe Papacy & Politics Popes begin to gain control of lands in Popes begin to gain control of lands in

ItalyItaly Pope’s lands known as Pope’s lands known as Papal StatesPapal States

Popes often dealt with political matters at Popes often dealt with political matters at the expense of spiritual dutiesthe expense of spiritual duties

Popes’ vassals given church titlesPopes’ vassals given church titles Kings and nobles would give fiefs to Kings and nobles would give fiefs to

bishops, known as bishops, known as lay investitureslay investitures Church officials who care more about Church officials who care more about

their Earthly lords, and secular titles, their Earthly lords, and secular titles, neglect the holy call of God and Churchneglect the holy call of God and Church

1073: Gregory VII elected pope1073: Gregory VII elected pope Believes he’s chosen by God to fix ChurchBelieves he’s chosen by God to fix Church

Pope Gregory’s ReformsPope Gregory’s Reforms Asserted Pope’s roll as leader of Asserted Pope’s roll as leader of

Christianity, including Christian kingsChristianity, including Christian kings King Henry IV of Germany disagrees since King Henry IV of Germany disagrees since

he had used bishops as vassals, to lessen he had used bishops as vassals, to lessen the power of Germany’s influential noblesthe power of Germany’s influential nobles

Pope makes it a sin to accept lay Pope makes it a sin to accept lay investituresinvestitures

Henry does it anyway (Investiture Henry does it anyway (Investiture Controversy)Controversy)

Controversy continues until Gregory and Controversy continues until Gregory and new king agree on new king agree on Concordat of WormsConcordat of Worms Pope must elect German bishops, then king Pope must elect German bishops, then king

can bestow temporal investiturescan bestow temporal investitures

Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory VII

Church SupremacyChurch Supremacy

Popes after Gregory respect his changes, Popes after Gregory respect his changes, but more concerned with gaining but more concerned with gaining power/stabilitypower/stability

Innocent III: Pope is supreme judge of Innocent III: Pope is supreme judge of EuropeEurope King John forced to accept Archbishop of King John forced to accept Archbishop of

Canterbury, against his own wishesCanterbury, against his own wishes Forces King Philip Augustus to take back his Forces King Philip Augustus to take back his

wife, and restore her as Queen of Francewife, and restore her as Queen of France Spiritual tools used to exact papal will:Spiritual tools used to exact papal will:

Interdicts: denial of sacraments Interdicts: denial of sacraments

Religious OrdersReligious Orders New religious enthusiasm engulfs EuropeNew religious enthusiasm engulfs Europe CistercianCistercian monks, unhappy with lack of monks, unhappy with lack of

discipline, create new, stricter monastic orderdiscipline, create new, stricter monastic order Spend more time preaching to and helping peopleSpend more time preaching to and helping people

Many wealthy women join conventsMany wealthy women join convents Only place for women to get educationOnly place for women to get education

Francis of AssisiFrancis of Assisi creates Franciscan creates Franciscan monasterymonastery Asks people to return to simplicity of early churchAsks people to return to simplicity of early church

Dominic de GuzmanDominic de Guzman finds Dominican order finds Dominican order To preach againstTo preach against heresy heresy

Francis & DominicFrancis & Dominic

The InquisitionThe Inquisition Church needs way to deal with heresy & Church needs way to deal with heresy &

hereticsheretics Spiritual court set up called the Spiritual court set up called the InquisitionInquisition

13th Century Christians believe the only 13th Century Christians believe the only way to Salvation is through Christ and the way to Salvation is through Christ and the ChurchChurch Heresy is a crime against God and humanityHeresy is a crime against God and humanity Convicted heretics were made to confess in Convicted heretics were made to confess in

public, and be punished (usually by flogging)public, and be punished (usually by flogging) Dominicans become main source of inquisitors Dominicans become main source of inquisitors

Church sees using force to save souls from Church sees using force to save souls from eternal damnation was right thing to doeternal damnation was right thing to do

The InquisitionThe Inquisition

Popular ReligionPopular Religion Sacraments of Church central to people’s Sacraments of Church central to people’s

liveslives Baptism, Communion, Confession, Baptism, Communion, Confession,

Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, Last Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, Last RitesRites

Sacraments means for receiving God’s grace Sacraments means for receiving God’s grace and salvation; from life to death, church is and salvation; from life to death, church is most important thingmost important thing

Veneration of saints (men and women to copy)Veneration of saints (men and women to copy) People ask saints to pray for them to GodPeople ask saints to pray for them to God Virgin Mary most highly regarded saintVirgin Mary most highly regarded saint RelicsRelics: remains of saints, or things that belonged : remains of saints, or things that belonged

to saints seen as a link between heaven and Earthto saints seen as a link between heaven and Earth Pilgrimages to holy sites provide spiritual benefitsPilgrimages to holy sites provide spiritual benefits

Medieval ArtMedieval Art

Write About It:Write About It:

In a five paragraph essay, In a five paragraph essay, write about the reforms write about the reforms made by the Church that made by the Church that affected the development of affected the development of medieval civilization.medieval civilization.