Medical Terminology - Cabrillo College Home Page
Transcript of Medical Terminology - Cabrillo College Home Page
Medical Terminology
Standardize language between healthcare practitioners
Improve communication by concise communication
Removal of the appendix
APPENDECTOMY
Forming an opening into the eardrum
MYRINGOSTOMY
The presence of microorganisms or their toxins in the blood causing systemic disease
SEPSIS
NEW MEDICAL TERMS ARE BEING ADDED ALL THE TIME:
New diseases, disorders, conditions
New treatment techniques, tools, and drugs
Discovery of previously unknown microorganisms
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IS AN EVER EXPANDING LANGUAGE
Able to describe discoveries in medical science and advances in technology by using combinations of Latin and Greek word
roots.
New diagnostic terms within the last 30 years: AIDs HIV Legionnaire’s Disease Toxic Shock Syndrome Attention-Deficit Disorder Ebola Virus Marburg Virus West Nile Fever Dengue Fever SARS (2003)
WORD ROOTS ARE THE FOUNDATION OF MEDICAL TERMS
MEDICAL LANGUAGE IS ROOTED IN LATIN AND GREEK
with some additional influence from Old French and Old German
EXAMPLES OF COMMON WORDS WITH LATIN OR GREEK ROOTS:
TRANSPORT (Latin) “To carry from one place to another”
TRANS (over, across) + PORTARE (to carry)
DEMOCRACY (Greek) “Rule by the people”
DEMOS (the people) + KRATEIN (to rule)
SYMPHONY (Greek) “A harmony of sounds”
SYN (together) + PHONE (a sound)
Latin Word Roots
Name and describe structures of the body
(anatomy)
Greek Word Roots
Name and describe diseases, conditions, diagnosis and treatment (surgery)
Latin Greek English
ren(o) nephr(o) kidney
cutane(o) derm(o) skin
stomat(o) or(o) mouth
ven(o) phleb(o) vein
lingu(o) gloss(o) tongue
WORD ROOT Main component of the term Several word roots may be strung together to form
compound medical terms
PREFIX Component found at the beginning of a term Prefixes modify the meaning of the word root
SUFFIX Endings that modify the root Identify the part of speech of the term
Use of combining form:
Aid in pronunciation
Join one word root to another to
form compound medical terms
esophag/o/gastr/o/duoden/o/scopy
The process of viewing internal structures of the body through a scope + esophagus + stomach + small intestine
hyster/o/salping/o/-oophorectomy
The excision of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
chickenpox
microscope
brainstem
thermometer
cytometer
hydrotherapy
schizophrenia
musculoskeletal
abdomin abdomin/o arthr arthr/o cephal cephal/o dermat dermat/o hepat hepat/o muscul muscul/o nephr nephr/o neur neur/o or or/o oste oste/o pneumon pneumon/o
brady + cardia BRADYCARDIA
pre + natal PRENATAL
sub + cutaneous SUBCUTANEOUS
hyper + thermia HYPERTHERMIA
dys + phagia DYSPHAGIA
Term attached to the end of a word or word part to modify its meaning
Often changes part of speech
derm + al DERMAL
aden/o + pathy ADENOPATHY
tom/o + graphy TOMOGRAPHY
hemat/o + logy HEMATOLOGY
SYNONYM- a word having the same or nearly the same meaning
sublingual and hypoglossal
ANTONYM- a word that means the opposite
anterior and posteriorinferior and superior
HOMONYM- a word that has the same pronunciation as another word but has a different meaning
ilium (pelvic bone) and ileum (third part of the small intestine)
EPONYM- a proper name given to describe a noun. Medical Fame Forever!
Jackson-Pratt drain
McBurney clamp
Lou Gehrig’s disease
Alzheimer’s dementia
ACRONYM- a type of abbreviation in which the first letter of each word in a phrase is joined to form an abbreviated version
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
CHF Congestive heart failure
ESRD End stage renal disease
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
TAH Total abdominal hysterectomy
VS Vital signs
SOB Shortness of breath
CP Chest pain
OR Operating room
WNL Within normal limits
Musculoskeletal
Multiple sclerosis
Muscle spasm
Mental status
Morphine sulphate
Mitral stenosis
Milk shake
Motile sperm
“One drop in the right eye once daily”
HUH??????
73 YO WDWNAAF BIBA admitted to CPETU c/o PND & DOE. TBNA in EDTU last wk for CP relieved by NTG. Prev Adm for PTCA 1986, IATT 1997, & LARS 1999, ATSO Dr Jones.
73 years old well developed well nourished African-American female brought in by ambulance. Admitted to chest pain evaluation and treatment unit. Complained of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and dyspnoe on exertion. Treated but not admitted in Emergency Diagnostic and Treatment Unit last week for chest pain. Relieved by nitroglycerine. Previously admitted for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 1986. Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy done in 1997 and Laparoscopic Antireflux surgery in 1999. Admit to the service of Dr. Jones.
c (before a,o, u) = k cavity, colon, curec (before e,i) = s cephalic, cirrhosisch = k cholesterolg (before a,o,u) = g gallstone, gonad, gurneyg (before e,i) = j generic, giant, geriatricph = f phasepn = n pneumoniaps = s psychologypt = t ptosis, pterygiumrh, rrh = r rhythm, hemorrhoidx (as first letter in a word) = z xerosis
When two vowels go walking the Second vowel does the talking (and has a long sound)
ea = a
ae = e
ie = e
ei = i
RULE I
Descriptive phrases start with the suffix andthen indicate body part
cystitisitis cyst
inflammation of the bladder
dermatologist
logist dermatoone who studies the skin
RULE II
Body systems follow in the order of study (think scope)
gastroenteritis
itisgastro
entero
hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
ectomyhystero
salpingooophoro
Add “s”abrasions lacerationscontusions fractures
Add “es” for words ending in “s”, “ch”, or “sh”sinus sinusesdiagnosis diagnosesprognosis prognosespsychosis psychoses
Change the “y” to “i”, and add “es”capillary capillariesovary ovariesmyopathy myopathies
Singular Plural
um a
bacterium bacteria atrium atria ileum ilea
us i
alveolus alveoli bacillus bacilli bronchus bronchi fungus fungi
a ae
vertebra vertebrae patella patellae petichia petichiae
ix ice
appendix appendices (appendixes) cervix cervices (cervixes)
Singular Plural
ex ices
cortex corticesapex apices
ax aces
thorax thoraces or thoraxes
ma mata
ma mata
carcinoma carcinomata (carcinomas)
condyloma condylomata (condylomas)
leiomyoma leiomyomata (leiomyomas)
on a
phenomenom phenomenaprotozoon protozoaspermatozoon spermatozoa
nx nges
phalanx phalangeslarynx laryngespharynx pharynges
1) A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
2) A combining form (root+ vowel usually an o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
3) A combining form (root+ vowel usually an o) links a root to another root to form a compound word.