Medical Terminology

Introduction

LESSON #1

When in doubt of

the terminology,

tell your patients

they’re very sick.

Objectives

• Definition of Medical terminology

• Importance of medical terminology

• Medical word elements

• Word roots

• Combining forms

• Suffixes

• Prefixes

• Basic rules

Objectives

• Defining medical words

• Building medical words

• Pronunciation Guidelines

Definition

• Medical terminology is language that is used to accurately describe the human body and associated components, conditions, processes and procedures in a science-based manner.

• Some examples are: R.I.C.E., trapezius, and latissimus dorsi. It is to be used in the medical and nursing fields.

Definition

• The words – or terms – which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field…known as medical terminology.

• Like every other language, medical terminology has changed over time and will continue to change.

• Most medical terms come from the Greek and Latin

languages.

6

Importance of the Medical Terminology

• Simplify communication/break down the language barrier.

• Easy understanding(common language)

• They are specific terminologies, thus makes no need to use general terminology

word elements

• The medical word contains all or some of these;

Word root

Combining form

Suffixes Word Elements

Prefixes

E.g. Dermatitis = defined as the inflammation of the skin.

Skin(word root)

Inflammation(suffix)

Word elements

Tonsillectomy

Tonsil(root) ctomy(remove)

oligospermia

Prefix(Little ) word root suffix(state/conditions)

Peritonsillitis = Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tonsil

Around(prefix) tonsil(Root) inflammation(suffix)

Word root

A root is the basic element of a word, and it is the foundation on which the meaning of a word is built.

Many roots are real words in their own right and term. Although these roots can have other elements, they don't need other elements to be complete.

A root can be a whole word or a part of a word. Roots come from many different languages, mainly Greek and Latin, and find their way into English.

10

Word roots

• All medical terms have at least one word root

• Most of word root are either in Greek or Latin

language.

E.g. of Respiratory system word roots and the meaning

Alveol ………. Alveolus(one), Alveoli(many)

Bronch……….Bronchus/bronchi

Epiglott ………Epiglottis

Lob……………..Lobe

Nas …………….Nose

Or ………………Mouth

Combining forms

Combining(Linking) forms is formed when a word root is combined with a vowel.

usually “o”, but occasionally “e” or “i”.

i.e Combined form= word root + o

Most medical terms can be broken down into parts like a sentence.

Common word parts/components:

Prefixes / Roots or Words / Suffixes

The medical terms will contain one or more of these components.

12

Combining forms

Word root vowel

Bronch + i/o/u eg Bronchus/Bronchiectasis

Epiglott + I eg Epiglottitis

Pharyng + i/o eg Pharyngitis/

pharyngotonsilitis

Or + a eg oral

Combining forms(Colors)

Alb/o, Albin/o, Leuk/o – white

Chlor/o – green

Cirrh/o – orange-yellow

Cyan/o – blue

Eosin/o, Erythr/o, Rhod/o, Rose/o, Rubr/i/o – red, rosy

Flav/o, Jaund/o, Lute/o, Xanth/o – yellow

Fusc/o – dark brown

Combining forms (color)

Glauc/o – gray, bluish greenan/o – black

Poli/o, Tephr/o – gray, ashen

Purpur/i - purple

PREFIX

A prefix is a word component placed in front of a root/word to change or modify its meaning.

A prefix can give a root direction or position. It can also give a root a specific type/ classification, quality, or quantity.

16

Common Prefixes

• Homo- same, similar • Hyster- uterus • Men- menstruation • Quadri- four • Re- back, again • Super- above, beyond • Tri- three

• Ab- away from midline • Acu- needle • Anti- against • Auto- self • Bi- two, both, double • Dys- abnormal, bad, painful • Hemi- half • Hetero- opposite, different

17

More Prefixes!

• Epi- upon, over, above • Ex- out, out of • Hyper- excessive, above,

too much, over, beyond • Hypo- less than, under,

below, deficient

• A-, An- without, none • Ad- toward/near midline • Acro- extremities • Ambi- on both sides • Bio- life • Brady- slow • Circum- around, encircling • Contra- against • Dys- difficult, painful, bad,

abnormal • Endo- within

18

PREFIXES continued

• Poly- many, much • Post- after, behind • Pro- before, in front of,

forward • Retro- behind, backward • Sub- under, below, beneath • Supra- above, on the top side • Tachy- fast • Trans- across, over

• Hydro- fluid, water • Inter- between • Intra- within • Iso- equal • Mal- ill, bad • Meta- after, beyond,

change • Multi- many, more than

one • Neo- new or abnormal

19

SUFFIX

A suffix is a word component added to the end of a root/word that changes or modifies its usage, function, or meaning.

20

SUFFIXES: Surgical Procedures

-centesis – to puncture/tap to draw fluid from -desis – surgical fixation, fusion -ectomy – excision, removal, cut out -pexy - fixation

-plasty – surgical repair, correction -rrhaphy – suture -sect – to cut -stomy – forming a new opening

-tome – instrument for cutting -tomy – incision into, cut into -tripsy – to crush, break down -puncture – to pierce a surface

21

Moe, after the bandages come off

and the wounds heal, you’ll still be a

pig.

SUFFIXES: diagnostic procedures

-assay – examine, analyze

-gram – written record, recording

-graph – instrument for recording

-graphy – process of recording

-manometer – instrument for measuring pressure

-manometry – process of measuring pressure

-meter – instrument for measuring

-metery – process of measuring

-opsy – to view

-scope - instrument for examining

-scopy – process of examining, examination

22

SUFFIXES: 5 rrh’s

-rrhagia – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge

-rrhage – excessive flow, profuse fluid discharge

-rrhaphy – suture

-rrhea – flow, discharge

-rrhexis - rupture

23

SUFFIXES: pertaining to…

Suffixes that all mean pertaining to:

-ac (cardiac)

-al (dental)

-ar (tonsilar)

-ary (pulmonary)

-ia (bradycardia)

-ic (gastric)

-ical (chemical)

-ium (cardium)

-ous (mucous)

-tic (pancreatic)

-us (hydrocephalus) 24

More Suffixes!

-algia, -algesia – pain -cele – herniation, swelling -cide – killing, agent that kills -cyte - cell -emia – blood condition -ism – condition, disease -ist – specialist -itis – inflammation -logist – one who studies, specialist -logia, -logy – the study of -lysis – destruction, break down -megaly – enlarged -oid – resembling, like 25

MORE SUFFIXES

-oma – tumor, mass -opia, -opsia – vision -osis – condition of -pathy – disease -plasm – growth/formation of tissue -pnea – breath, breathing -porosis – porous, decrease in density -ptosis – drooping, prolapsed -ptysis – spitting, spit up -spasm – twitching, involuntary contraction -therapy – treatment

26

Rules!

To define medical terms, divide or slash them into their component parts; these word components are called prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

Use the hyphen ( - ) after the word component to indicate that it is a prefix; use it after the combining form to indicate that it needs a suffix; use it before the word component to indicate it is a suffix.

For example: Epi-gastr/o/-cele

27

More Rules!

Use the combining vowel “o” when a suffix begins with a consonant. i.e Termin/o/logy Use the combining vowel “o” when combining two roots only if the second root begins with a consonant. i.e. Pneum/o/thorax Do not use the combining vowel “o” if you are combining a second root that begins with a vowel or a suffix that begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y). i.e. Pneum/arthr/osis Add –y to a word to indicate a procedure (gastroscopy) or –ly to indicate an act or process (splenomegaly).

28

And More Rules!!

The suffix –osis always denotes a condition (usually abnormal). When combined with the color roots erythr/o- (red) and leuk/o- (white), it represents a condition of abnormally increased blood cells.

Most of the time, word components denoting color are used as prefixes. However, sometimes they are the root of the medical term.

29

THE BODY

BLOOD

CARDIOVASCULAR

ENDOCRINE

GASTROINTESTINAL

INTEGUMENTARY

LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE

MUSCULAR

NERVOUS

REPRODUCTIVE – FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE – MALE

RESPIRATORY

SENSES (5)

SKELETAL

URINARY

30

31

BLOOD SYSTEM

• Agglutin/o – clumping

• Amyl/o - starch

• Anis/o – unequal

• Angi/o – blood/ lymph vessels

• Arteri/o - artery

• Bas/o, basi/o – base, foundation

• Coagul/o – coagulation, clotting

• Eosin/o – red, rosy, dawn

• Erythr/o – red

• Ferr/i, ferr/o – iron

• Granul/o – granules

• Haem/a, hem/o, hemat/o - blood

BLOOD SYSTEM

• Kal/i – potassium

• Leuk/o – white

• Myel/o – bone marrow, spinal cord

• Natr/o – sodium

• Neutr/o –neutral

• Norm/o – normal, usual

• Phleb/o - vein

• Phosphat/o – phosphate

• Poikil/o – variation, irregular

• Pykn/o, pycn/o – thick, dense

• Rhod/o – red, rosy

32

BLOOD SYSTEM

• Sangu/i, sanguin/o – blood • Sapr/o – rotten, decay • Schist/o – split, cleft • Ser/o – serum, serous • Sider/o – iron • Spher/o – round, sphere • Strept/o – twisted, curved • Thromb/o – clot, thrombus • Vas/o, vascul/o – blood vessel • Ven/o - vein

33

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

1. Hem/o/lysis - ______________________

2. Hyper/kal/emia - ___________________

3. Thromb/o/pheresis - ________________

4. Hyp/o/volemia - ____________________

5. Erythr/o/cyte - _____________________

6. Phleb/itis - ________________________

7. Hemat/o/logy - _____________________

34 ©2009 by Flex Ed All Rights Reserved


1. Hem/o/lysis –

2. Hyper/kal/emia –

3. Thromb/o/pheresis -

4. Hyp/o/volemia –

5. Erythr/o/cyte –

6. Phleb/itis –

7. Hemat/o/logy -

Blood breakdown

Excess potassium in the blood

Clot removal

Low blood volume

Red blood cell

Vein inflammation

Study of blood

35

CARDIOVASCULAR

• Cardium – the heart • Cardi/o – heart • Angi/o – vessel • Aort/o – aorta • Arteri/o - artery • Ather/o – fatty substance, plaque • Atri/o – atrium • Coron/o – heart • Embol/o – embolus, clot • Isch/o – supress, restraint • Mi/o – less, smaller • My/o - muscle

36

CARDIOVASCULAR

• Palpit/o, palpitat/o – flutter, throbbing • Rhe/o – flow, current, stream • Sphygm/o – pulse

• Tel/e – distant, far, end

• Valv/o, valvul/o – valve

• Varic/o – varicose veins

• Vas/o, vascul/o – vessel

• Ven/o – vein

• Ventricul/o – heart/ brain ventricle

• Venul/o - venule

37


1. Cardi/o/megaly - ____________________

2. Cardi/o/my/o/pathy - _________________

3. Brady/card/ia - _____________________

4. Tachy/card/ia - _____________________

5. Peri/card/ium - _____________________

6. My/o/card/ia - ______________________

7. Sphygm/o/man/o/meter - _____________

8. Arteri/o/scler/osis - __________________

38


1. Cardi/o/megaly -

2. Cardi/o/my/o/pathy

3. Brady/card/ia -

4. Tachy/card/ia -

5. Peri/card/ium -

6. My/o/card/ia -

7. Sphygm/o/man/o/meter -

8. Arteri/o/scler/osis -

• Enlarged heart

• Heart muscle disease

• Slow heart rate

• Fast heart rate

• Sac around the heart

• Heart muscle

• Blood pressure cuff

• Hardening of the arteries

39

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Medial, Medi/o – midline, toward the center (middle)

Lateral, Later/o – towards the side, away from the midline

Superior, Super/o – above, over

Inferior, Infer/o – below, under

Proximal, Proxim/o – near, closest to the origin

Distal, Dist/o – away from, farthest from the origin

40

DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Cranial, crani/o – toward the head

Caudal, caud/o – toward the back or tail

Dorsal, dors/o – near upper surface, back

Ventral, ver/o – toward the bottom, front

41

Posterior, poster/o – back, behind, after, toward the rear

Anterior, anter/o – front, in front of


1. Mediosuperior –

2. Inferolateral –

3. Laterosuperior –

4. Inferomedial –

5. Posterosuperior –

6. Anterolateral –

7. Posteromedial –

8. Proximolateral -

42


43

1. Mediosuperior –

2. Inferolateral –

3. Laterosuperior –

4. Inferomedial –

5. Posterosuperior –

6. Anterolateral –

7. Posteromedial –

8. Proximolateral -

Middle, upper

Below, to the side

To the side, upper

Below, middle

Back, upper

Front, to the side

Back, middle

Closest to the point of origin, to the side

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• Acr/o – extremities • Aden/o – gland • Adren/o – adrenal glands • Cortic/o – cortex • Crin/o – secrete, separate • Gluc/o, glyc/o – glucose, sugar • Hirsut/o – hairy • Hormon/o – hormone • Hidr/o - sweat

44

• Sial/o - saliva

• Thym/o – thymus gland

• Thyr/o, thyriod/o – thyroid gland

• Tox/o, toxic/o – poison, toxins

• Troph/o – growth, nourishment

MATCH THE TERMS

1. Adrenalectomy

2. Adrenalitis

3. Pancreatalgia

4. Pancreatolith

5. Corticoadrenal

6. Crinogenic

7. Hirsutism

8. Hormonopoiesis

9. Pinealopathy

A. Pancreatic stone

B. Pertaining to the cortex adrenal glands

C. Condition of being hairy

D. Removal of adrenal glands

E. Hormone formation

F. Disease of the pineal gland

G. Pain in the pancreas

H. Inflammed adrenal glands

I. Production of secretions

45

MATCH THE TERMS

1. Adrenalectomy

2. Adrenalitis

3. Pancreatalgia

4. Pancreatolith

5. Corticoadrenal

6. Crinogenic

7. Hirsutism

8. Hormonopoiesis

9. Pinealopathy

– Removal of adrenal glands

– Inflammed adrenal glands

– Pain in the pancreas

– Pancreatic stone

– Cortex and adrenal glands

– Production of secretions

– Condition of being hairy

– Hormone formation

– Disease of the pineal gland

46

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

• Abdomin/o – abdomen

• Amyl/o – starch

• An/o – anus

• Bil/i – bile

• Bucc/o – cheek

• Cec/o – cecum

• Celi/o – abdomen

• Chol/e – gall, bile

• Cholecyst/o - gallbladder

• Col/o – colon

• Dent/i - tooth

47


• Dips/o – thirst

• Duoden/o – doudenum

• Enter/o – intestines

• Esophag/o – esophogus

• Gastr/o – stomach

• Gingiv/o – gums

• Gloss/o – tongue

• Hepat/o – liver

• Ile/o – ileum

• Jejun/o - jejunum

48

Please pass the

thingy for the

thingy.


• Lapar/o – abdominal wall • Lingu/o – tongue • Odont/o – tooth • Or/o – mouth • Orth/o – straight, normal,

correct • Palat/o – palate • Peps/o - digestion • Peritone/o – peritoneum • Phag/o – eating, ingestion • Proct/o – rectum, anus

49

• Ptyal/o, sial/o – saliva

• Pyr/o – heat, fever, fire

• Rect/o – rectum

• Sigmoid/o – sigmoid colon

• Staphyl/o – uvula

• Stomat/o - mouth

FILL IN THE BLANKS

• Cholescystectomy - _______________________

• Colonoscopy - ____________________________

• Hepatomegaly - __________________________

• Abdominocentesis - _______________________

• Biligenesis – _____________________________

• Colostomy - _____________________________

• Enteroclysis - ____________________________

• Esophagocele - ___________________________

• Epigastric - ______________________________

• Gingivitis - ______________________________

• Laparoscope - ____________________________

50

FILL IN THE BLANKS • Cholescystectomy

• Colonoscopy

• Hepatomegaly

• Abdominocentesis

• Biligenesis

• Colostomy

• Enteroclysis

• Esophagocele

• Epigastric

• Gingivitis

• Laparoscope

Removal of the gallbladder

Examination of the colon

Enlarged liver

To draw fluid from the abdomen

The production of bile

Forming an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

Irrigation/washing of the intestines

Swelling/herniation of esophagus

Pertaining to above the stomach

Inflammed gums

Instrument to examine abdomen

51

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

• Acanth/o – thorny, spiny

• Actin/o – ray, radiation

• Brom/o – odor

• Caus/o, cauter/o – burn

• Chrom/o – color

• Chrys/o – gold

• Cutane/o – skin

• Derm/o, dermat/o – skin

• Erythem/o – flushed, redness

• Eschar/o – scab

• Hidr/o, sud/o - sweat 52

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

• Lepid/o – flakes, scales

• Lepr/o – leprosy

• Onych/o, Ungu/o – nail

• Papul/o – papule, pimple, acne

• Perspir/o – breathe through

• Pil/o, Trich/o – hair

• Prurit/o, Psor/o – itching

53

• Py/o – pus

• Rhytid/o – wrinkle

• Seb/o – sebum

• Steat/o – fat

• Ul/o – scar, scarring

• Verruc/i – wart

• Xer/o - dry

MATCH THE TERMS

• Causalgia

• Dermatopathy

• Escharectomy

• Onychomycosis

• Lepidosis

• Dermatitis

• Xeroderma

• Papulosis

• Verrucosis

• Hyperulosis

• Condition of fungal nails

• Removal of a scab

• Burning pain

• Skin inflammation

• Skin disease

• Condition of pimples, acne

• Condition of flaky skin

• Excessive scarring

• Dry skin

• Condition of warts

54

LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE SYSTEM

• Adenoid/o – adenoids

• Axill/o – armpit

• Immun/o – protection, immune

• Lien/o – spleen

• Lymph/o – lymph

• Lymphaden/o – lymph nodes

• Nod/o – knot

• Ple/o - more

55

• Sarc/o – flesh

• Septic/o –the immune response to a severe infection, putrefaction

• Splen/o – spleen

• Tetan/o – tetanus

• Tonsill/o – tonsils

• Top/o – particular place or area

• Vaccin/o - vaccine

FILL IN THE BLANKS

• Axillary lymphadenitis - ______________

• Lymphedema - _____________________

• Splenemphraxis - ___________________

• Lymphangiophlebitis - ________________

• Prophylaxis - _______________________

• Septicemia - _______________________

• Tonsillitis - ________________________

• Lienomalacia - ______________________

• Nodular - __________________________

56

FILL IN THE BLANKS

• Axillary lymphadenitis

• Lymphedema

• Splenemphraxis

• Lymphangio- phlebitis

• Prophylaxis

• Septicemia

• Tonsillitis

• Lienomalacia

• Nodular

– Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpits

– Lymph swelling

– Spleen obstruction

– Venous inflammation of the lymphatic vessels

– Prevention of a disease

– Immune response to a severe blood infection

– Inflammation of the tonsils

– Softening of the spleen

– Pertaining to knots 57

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

• Asthen/o - weakness

• Aux/o – growth, acceleration

• Erg/o – work

• Fasci/o –fascia, connective tissue

• Fibr/o – fiber, fibrous

• Flect/o, flex/o – bend

• Kinesi/o – movement

• Lei/o –smooth

• Ligament/o – ligament

• Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o – muscle

58


• Pale/o – old

• Pyg/o – buttock

• Rhabd/o - rod

• Rhabdomy/o - skeletal muscle

• Rot/o, Rotat/o – turn, rotate, revolve

• Sthen/o – strength

• Syndesm/o – ligament, connective tissue

• Ten/o, Tenont/o – tendon

• Therapeut/o – treatment

• Ton/o – tone, tension

59


• Ankyl/o – stiff, crooked, bent

• Arthr/o, Articul/o – joint

• Brachi/o – arm

• Burs/o – bursa

• Calcane/o – heel

• Carp/o – wrist

• Centr/o – center

• Cephal/o – head

• Cervic/o – cervix, neck of the uterus

• Cheir/o, Chir/o – hand

• Chondr/o - cartilage

60


• Cleid/o – clavicle • Coccyg/o – coccyx, tailbone • Cost/o – rib • Cox/o – hip • Crani/o – skull • Cubit/o – elbow, forearm • Dactyl/o – digit of finger/toe • Dent/o – tooth, teeth • Faci/o – face • Femor/o – femur • Fibul/o – fibula, small calf

bone • Geni/o – chin

61


• Gnath/o – jaw • Gnos/o – knowledge • Goni/o – angle • Gyr/o – circle, spiral • Humer/o – humerus, upper arm bone • Ili/o – ilium, bone in pelvis • Ischi/o – ischium, lower back hip bone • Kyph/o – humpback • Lamin/o – lamina, plate or layer • Lip/o – fat • Lord/o – curvature, bending • Lox/o – oblique, slanting • Lumb/o – lower back, loin

62


• Maxill/o – maxilla, upper jaw

• Mel/o – limb, limbs

• Om/o – shoulder

• Opisth/o – backward, behind

• Oste/o – bone

• Patell/o – patella, knee cap

• Ped/o, pod/o – foot

• Pelv/i – pelvis

• Perone/o – fibula, small calf bone

• Petr/o – stone

• Phalang/o – phalanges, finger/ toe bones

63


• Pub/o – pubis • Rachi/o – spine • Sacr/o – sacrum, triangular

bone @ bottom of spine & back of pelvic cavity

• Scapul/o – scapula, shoulder blade

• Scoli/o – crooked, twisted • Skelet/o – skeleton • Spin/o – spinal cord, spine • Spondyl/o – vertebrae, spinal

cord • Stern/o – sternum

64

• Synov/o – synovia, joint fluid membrane

• Tal/o – talus, bone connecting leg to foot

• Tars/o – tarsus, foot bone, edge of eyelid

• Tibi/o – tibia, large calf bone • Vertebr/o – vertebra • Xiph/o – sword-shaped,

xiphoid

MATCH THE TERMS

‗ Bursitis

‗ Hydrocephalus

‗ Lipochondroma

‗ Intercostal

‗ Myasthenia

‗ Pygalgia

‗ Arthritis

‗ Craniotomy

‗ Kyphoscoliosis

‗ Myocarcinoma

e

h

j

a

d

b

f

c

g

i

65

a. Between ribs

b. Pain in the buttocks

c. Cut into skull

d. Muscle weakness

e. Inflammation of bursa

f. Joint inflammation

g. Humpback/crooked spine h. Fluid in the head

i. Cancer tumor in muscle

j. Tumor of fat & cartilage

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Astr/o – star • Atel/o – incomplete,

imperfect • Cerebell/o – cerebellum • Cerebr/o – cerebrum, brain • Drom/o – running • Encephal/o – brain • Esthesi/o – sensation, feeling • Gangli/o, Ganglion/o – a cyst

on/around joint/tendon • Gli/o – glue, neuroglia

66

• Heli/o – sun • Hydr/o – water, hydrogen • Keraun/o – lightning • Log/o – word, speech, thought • Mening/o – meninges,

membranes • Ment/o – mind • Myel/o – spinal cord, bone

marrow

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Narc/o – numbness, stupor • Neur/o – nerve • Phaner/o – visible,

apparent • Phob/o – fear, aversion • Phren/o – mind, diaphragm • Picr/o – bitter • Pies/i – pressure • Pleg/o - paralyzed • Poli/o – gray (matter) • Por/o – opening,

passageway

67

• Psych/o – mind • Psychr/o – cold • Radicul/o – nerve root • Rhiz/o – root • Schiz/o – split, division • Somn/i – sleep • Syring/o – tube, fistula • Tax/o – coordination • Tel/o – end • Tephr/o – gray (ashen) • Thanat/o – death • Thec/o – sheath • Vag/o – vagus nerve

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Atelomyelia - ____________________________

2. Cerebellospinal - _________________________

3. Encephalomalacia - _______________________

4. Esthesioneurosis - ________________________

5. Gliocyte - _______________________________

6. Hypnotic - _______________________________

7. Insomnia - ______________________________

8. Meningocele - ___________________________

9. Myelocele - _____________________________

10. Neurotripsy - ____________________________

11. Vagolysis - ______________________________

68

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Atelomyelia

2. Cerebellospinal

3. Encephalomalacia

4. Esthesioneurosis

5. Gliocyte

6. Hypnotic

7. Insomnia

8. Meningocele

9. Myelocele

10. Neurotripsy

11. Vagolysis

− Imperfect spinal cord

− Pertaining to cerebellum/spine

− Softening of the brain

− Condition of nerve sensation

− Cell glue

− Pertaining to sleep

− Condition of not sleeping

− Membrane swelling/herniation

− Spinal cord swelling/herniation

− Nerve break down

− Vagus nerve destruction 69

Reproductive System: FEMALE

• Amni/o – sac around the embryo • Cervic/o –neck of the uterus, cervix • Chor/i – chorion, two layers that surround the

embryo/amniotic sac and other membranes • Colp/o, vagin/o – vagina • Culd/o – cul-de-sac • Embry/o – embryo, fetus • Episi/o, vulv/o – vulva • Fet/o – fetus • Galact/o, lact/o – milk • Gravid/o - pregnancy • Gynec/o – woman

70

Reproductive System: FEMALE

• Helc/o – ulcer • Hymen/o – hymen, membrane that surrounds the vaginal

opening • Hyster/o, uter/o – uterus • Lecith/o – yolk, ovum • Mamm/o – mammary glands in breast • Mast/o – breast • Men/o – menses, menstruation • Metr/o – uterus • Nat/o – birth • O/o, ov/i, ov/o – egg, ovum • Obstetr/o – midwife

71

FEMALE Continued

• Omphal/o – navel • Oophor/o, ovari/o – ovary • Perine/o – perineum, surface area between the pubic arch,

the tailbone, & the legs (male or female) • Per/o – deformed, maimed • Sacchar/o – sugar • Salping/o – fallopian tubes • Terat/o – monster, wonder • Thel/o – nipple • Toc/o – childbirth, labor • Tub/o – tube • Viv/i – life, alive

72

MATCH THE TERMS

‗ Amniocentesis

‗ Cervicovaginitis

‗ Ovariocyesis

‗ Episiostenosis

‗ Hysterosalpingoophor-ectomy

‗ Lactorrhea

‗ Menopause

‗ Menorrhagia

‗ Neonatology

‗ Septipara

a. hardening of the vulva

b. milk discharge

c. study of new birth

d. to puncture/tap into the wall of the uterus to draw out amniotic fluid

e. menstrual cessation

f. seven pregnancies

g. excessive menstrual flow

h. inflamed cervix and vagina

i. removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

j. pregnancy in an ovary

73

d.

h.

j.

a.

i.

b.

e.

g.

c.

f.

Reproductive System: MALE

• Andr/o – male • Balan/o – glans penis, tip of the

penis • Blenn/o - mucus • Crypt/o – hidden, concealed • Epididym/o – epididymis • Genit/o – reproduction • Gon/o – genitals, semen • Gonad/o – gonads, primary

reproductive organs (testes-male, ovaries-female)

• Inguin/o - groin • Olig/o – scanty, few, little • Orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o – testis

74

Reproductive System: MALE

• Osche/o – scrotum • Phall/o – penis • Phim/o – muzzle • Prostat/o – prostate glands • Semen/i - semen • Sperm/o, spermat/o – sperm, spermatozoa • Test/o, testicul/o – testis • Vas/o – vas deferens, vessel • Venere/o – sexual intercourse • Vesicul/o – seminal vesicle, gland that produces 70% of

the fluid that becomes semen

75

FILL IN THE BLANKS

• Balanoblennorrhea - _________________

• Gonorrhea - _______________________

• Oligospermia - _____________________

• Orchidynia - _______________________

• Oscheoplasty - _____________________

• Phallemphraxis - ____________________

• Spermicide - _______________________

• Vasectomy - _______________________

76

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Balanoblennorrhea

2. Gonorrhea

3. Oligospermia

4. Orchidynia

5. Oscheoplasty

6. Phallemphraxis

7. Spermicide

8. Vasectomy

1. Mucus discharge from the glans penis

2. Genital discharge

3. Pertaining to low sperm

4. Pain in the testis

5. Scrotum corrective surgery

6. Penis obstruction

7. Sperm killer

8. Removal of vas deferens

77

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Alveol/o – alveolus • Aspir/o, aspirat/o – inhaling,

removal • Blenn/o – mucus • Bronch/o – bronchus, airway • Bronchiol/o – bronchiole • Capn/o – carbon dioxide • Coni/o – dust • Epiglott/o – epiglottis • Lal/o – speech, babble • Lampr/o – clear • Laryng/o – larynx

78

• Lept/o – slender, thin, delicate • Lob/o – lobe • Mediastin/o – mediastinum,

central area of thoracic cavity • Nas/o – nose • Olfact/o, osm/o, osphresi/o –

sense of smell, odor, impulse • Ox/o – oxygen • Pector/o – chest • Phas/o – speech

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Phon/o – voice, sound • Phren/o – diaphragm, mind • Pimel/o - fat, fatty • Pleur/o – pleura • Pnea – breathing, breath • Pneum/o, pneumon/o – lung,

air • Pulmon/o – lung • Respir/o, respirat/o – breath,

breathing • Rhin/o – nose

79

• Sept/o – partition • Silic/o – silica, quartz • Sin/o, sinus/o – cavity, sinus • Span/o – scanty, scarce • Spir/o – breath, breathing • Steth/o – chest • Therm/o – heat • Thorac/o, thorax/o – chest • Trache/o – trachea

MATCH THE TERMS

‗ Apnea ‗ Alveolar atelectasis ‗ Bronchospasm ‗ Epiglottitis ‗ Hemoptysis ‗ Hemothorax ‗ Hypercapnia ‗ Hypoxia ‗ Laryngoscope ‗ Pneumonitis ‗ Spirometry ‗ Stethoscope ‗ Thoracentesis ‗ Trachealmalacia

a) condition of excessive carbon dioxide b) to puncture/tap to draw fluid from the

thoracic cavity c) blood in the thoracic cavity d) trachea softening e) instrument to examine the larynx f) inflammation of the epiglottis g) without breathing h) instrument to examine/listen to chest i) incomplete expansion of alveoli j) low/deficient oxygen k) lung inflammation l) spitting up blood m) to measure breathing n) airway contraction/twitching

80

g.

i.

n.

f.

l.

c.

a.

j.

e.

k.

m.

h.

b.

d.

URINARY SYSTEM

• Albumin/o – albumin • Azot/o – nitrogen, urea • Calci/o – calcium • Cali/o – calyx • Cupr/o - copper • Cyst / o – bladder • Fusc/o – dark brown • Glomerul/o - glomerulus • Glyc/o, gluc/o – sugar • Keton/o – ketones • Lith/o – stone, calculus

81

• Nephr/o – kidney • Py/o – pus • Pyel/o – renal pelvis • Ren/o – kidney • Ur/o, urin/o – urine • Ureter/o – ureter • Urethr/o – urethra • Uric/o – uric acid • Vesic/o – urinary bladder

FILL IN THE BLANKS

• Cholecystectomy - ________________________

• Cystitis - ________________________________

• Hematuria - _____________________________

• Nephrolithectomy - _______________________

• Nephrology - ____________________________

• Nephrosclerosis - _________________________

• Pyuria - _________________________________

• Renogastric - ____________________________

• Ureterostomy - ___________________________

• Urethratresia - ___________________________

82

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Cystectomy

2. Cystitis

3. Hematuria

4. Nephrolithectomy

5. Nephrology

6. Nephrosclerosis

7. Pyuria

8. Renogastric

9. Ureterostomy

10. Urethratresia

− Removal of the bladder

− Bladder/cyst inflammation

− Pertaining to blood in the urine

− Removal of kidney stones

− The study of the kidneys

− Hardening of the kidneys

− Pus in the urine

− Pertaining to the kidneys & stomach

− Forming a new opening for the ureter

− Occlusion of the urethra

83

FIVE SENSES: HEARING

• Acous/o, acoust/o - hearing

• Audi/o, audit/o – hearing

• Aur/o - ear

• Aricul/o – ear

• Cochle/o – snail-shaped, auditory portion of inner ear

• Myring/o - eardrum

• Ot/o – ear

• Son/o - sound

• Tympan/o - eardrum

84

FIVE SENSES: SMELL

• Nas/o – nose

• Olfact/o – smell

• Osm/o – smell

• Ophresi/o - smell

• Rhin/o - nose 85

I smell trouble!

FIVE SENSES: TOUCH

• Haph/e – touch

• Pselaphes/o – touch

• Tact/o – touch

• Thigm/o - touch

86

FIVE SENSES: TASTE

• Gloss/o - tongue

• Gustat/o – taste

• Gust/o – taste

• Lingu/o - tongue

• Or/o – mouth

• Stomat/o – mouth

87

FIVE SENSES: VISION

• Blephar/o, palpebr/o – eyelid

• Conjunctiv/o – conjunctiva, thin membrane that covers the inside of the eyelid & outside of eyeball

• Cor/o, pupill/o – pupil • Corne/o – cornea • Dacry/o – tear • Dipl/o – double • Hygr/o – moisture • Ir/o, irid/o – iris • Kerat/o – cornea

88

• Lacrim/o – tear/lacrimal duct • Logad/o – whites of the eyes • Ocul/o – eye • Ophry/o – eyebrow • Ophthalm/o – eye • Opt/o – vision • Phac/o, phak/o – lens • Retin/o – retina • Scler/o – sclera • Stigmat/o – point • Uve/o – uvea • Vitre/o - glassy

MATCH THE TERMS 1. Acoustic 2. Myringosis 3. Otodynia 4. Otorrhea 5. Nasopharyngeal 6. Osmosis 7. Rhinoplasty 8. Rhinohemorrhagia 9. Haphephobia 10. Haphalgia 11. Thigmesthesia 12. Glossoepiglottic 13. Glossodynia 14. Stomatopathy 15. Blepharoptosis 16. Conjunctivitis 17. Diplopia 18. Opthalmologist 19. Phacomalacia

a) Pain in the ear b) Pertaining to the nose and pharynx c) Condition of smelling d) Surgical repair/correction of the nose e) Pertaining to hearing f) Ear discharge g) Condition of the eardrum h) Painful touch i) Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis j) Drooping eyelid k) Excessive blood flow from the nose l) Eye specialist m) Sensation of touch n) Fear of being touched o) Double vision p) Tongue pain q) Softening of the lens of the eye r) Inflammation of the conjunctiva s) Disease of the mouth 89

MATCH THE TERMS 1. Acoustic 2. Myringosis 3. Otodynia 4. Otorrhea 5. Nasopharyngeal 6. Osmosis 7. Rhinoplasty 8. Rhinohemorrhagia 9. Haphephobia 10. Haphalgia 11. Thigmesthesia 12. Glossoepiglottic 13. Glossodynia 14. Stomatopathy 15. Blepharoptosis 16. Conjunctivitis 17. Diplopia 18. Opthalmologist 19. Phacomalacia

a) Pain in the ear b) Pertaining to the nose and pharynx c) Condition of smelling d) Surgical repair/correction of the nose e) Pertaining to hearing f) Ear discharge g) Condition of the eardrum h) Painful touch i) Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis j) Drooping eyelid k) Excessive blood flow from the nose l) Eye specialist m) Sensation of touch n) Fear of being touched o) Double vision p) Tongue pain q) Softening of the lens of the eye r) Inflammation of the conjunctiva s) Disease of the mouth 90

TERMS THAT DON’T FOLLOW THE RULES

• Antispasmodic – drug agent that supresses involuntary contractions

• Aphagia – difficulty or loss of the ability to swallow or eat • Sumptomatology – the study of symptoms • Perianal – pertaining to around the anus • Thrombus – a solid mass formed in the heart or vessels (blood

clot) • Lithotomy – incision to remove a stone • Uremia – pertaining to urea in the blood • Emphysema – a pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or

organs • Pyocele – collection of pus in a bodily cavity

91


• Pneumothorax – air in the chest / thorax • Diplegia – paralysis of like parts on both sides of the

body • Leukemia – progressive, malignant disease of the

blood forming organs, a type of cancer • Multipara – a woman who has had two or more

births • Autodiagnosis – self diagnosis


• Contraindication – any condition that renders a treatment as improper or undesirable

• Transposition – displacement of a viscus to the opposite side • Acute – having sudden severe symptoms, usually life-

threatening • Angina – chest pain • Cellular – pertaining to cells • Deltoid – resembling a triangle, rotator cuff, muscle in shoulder

Questions?

Medical Terminology

Healthcare

Transcript of Medical Terminology