Medical Terminology Basics
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Transcript of Medical Terminology Basics
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Medical TerminologyBasics
Chapter 1
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Medical Terminology Knowledge
Health care workers need to know many medical terms in order to do their
jobs well.
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TAKE THIS DOWN IN YOUR NOTES, PLEASE!
There are 4 categories of
medical terms:
Constructed terms
Eponyms
Abbreviations
Acronyms
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CONSTRUCTED TERMSMedical terms made
up of several distinct parts.
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EPONYMSMedical Terms named after the people who discovered a disease or scientific process.
Example: “Pasteurization” is an Eponym named after the scientist Louis Pasteur.
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ABBREVIATIONSShort versions of longer words.
For example:
Histo is the short version of the word:
Histology ,which means the
“study of tissues”
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ABBREVIATIONSAnother example:
Stat is the short version of the word:
Statim, which is a Latin
word that means “immediately”
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ACRONYMSWords created from the first letter of each word found in
a group of words.
For example: “SOB” stands for:
“Short Of Breath.”
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What are the four major types of Medical Terms? Constructed terms
Eponyms
Abbreviations
Acronyms
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Constructed TermsThe most prevalent type of medical terms
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Words made up of several parts. . .
Constructed Terms are:
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Biology
. . .such as this common word:
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Bio + logy = Biology
The first part is:
The second part is:
Bio-
-logy
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How would you define: “Biology” from its parts?
Bio- means:
-logy means:
Life, Living Things
(the) Study of
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“The study of Life and Living things”
Biology is defined as:
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This means we are actually taking apart words, defining the meaning of the individual parts, and building a whole definition based on the meanings of the parts.
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Word parts can include:
Prefixes Word Roots Suffixes Combining Vowels
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Comprehension Check- What do we call
medical terms that are built by connecting word parts/word elements?
Constructed Terms
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Comprehension Check- What word parts/word
elements are typically used to build constructed terms?
Word Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes, Combining vowels
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Let’s look at another constructed medical term, “Physiology”.
Physi/o/logy =
Physi = nature (word root)-logy = the study of (suffix)
Defined as: The study of nature
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Did you notice in the last word, physiology, that there is a vowel– “o”—that stands alone?
This is called the combining vowel.
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What are the two word parts?Word root =
Suffix =
Physi
-logy
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What does each word part mean?Physi =
-logy =
Nature
(the) study of
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So, in the word physiology, how does the vowel— “o”– function? It isn’t part of the word root or the suffix.
Remember:Physi: (word root) = “Nature”-logy: (suffix) = “the study of”
What about the “o”? Why is the “o” even there?
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The vowel– “o”– functions as a connector between the word root, Physi, and the suffix, -logy.
We need to add the vowel “o” because the suffix—logy, begins with a consonant letter, “L.”
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From now on you will see:
all WORD ROOTS highlighted in PURPLE all COMBINING VOWELS highlighted in RED all SUFFIXES highlighted in BLUE all PREFIXES highlighted in GREEN
Color Coding of word parts:
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To review, medical terms that are constructed from parts may include:
Word Roots Prefixes Suffixes One or more Combining Vowels (usually an
“o” or an “i”
Medical Terms that are constructed from parts
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Word roots, prefixes, suffixesLet’s learn about each
of these things separately.
First: Word Roots.
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The Word Root is the basic foundation of a constructed medical term
Usually tells about the body part/system◦ Other word parts can be added to a word root
Word Root: the Foundation
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Example word root: cardi
◦cardi = heart
◦Words with cardi will always refer to the heart
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Always attaches to the BEGINNING of a word
**IMPORTANT NOTE: The meaning of a prefix always remains the same.
Prefix: a beginning
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Example: endo always means “within” no matter what it attaches to.
Look at the words: endothelium, endocarditis, endotracheal, endoscope
In all of these words, endo- always means “within.
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*****IMPORTANT NOTE*****Not all medical terms (words)
have prefixes!
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Always attaches to the END of a word◦Makes a word a noun or an adjective
**IMPORTANT NOTE: The meaning of a suffix always remains the same.
Suffix: an ending
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Example: -itis always means “inflammation” no matter what it attaches to.
Look at the words: sinusitis, rhinitis, tendonitis, bursitis, appendicitis
In all of these words, -itis always means “inflammation.”
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Sometimes the word root is followed by a special vowel that acts as a “connector” between the word root and the suffix, or in some cases, between a word root and a second word root.
Combining vowel: a connector
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Example 1: Cardi + o + graphy
Example 2: Electr + o + cardi + o + graph
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EXAMPLE #1 CARDIOGRAPHY
Cardi (word root) =
Graphy (suffix) =
“o” = (combining
vowel)
Heart
(the) process of recording
**NOTE: combining vowels do not add to the meaning of constructed medical terms
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EXAMPLE # 2 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH
Electr (word root # 1)=
o (combining vowel)
Cardi (word root # 2)=
o (combining vowel)
graph (suffix) =
Electrical
Heart
Instrument used to record
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Myoelectric
Here is how to divide that word into its parts: my/o/electr/ic
◦ Root # 1 = my◦ Combining vowel = o◦ Root # 2 = electr◦ Suffix = ic
Let’s try another example:
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Take apart the word . . .
CardiomyopathyFirst, determine how many WORD ROOTS
there are.
Let’s Practice!
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Next, find the combining vowels that are attached to each word root:
Cardi + o
My + o
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Finally, identify the ending, called the suffix:
Cardi/o/my/o/+? -pathy
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Well done! You have taken apart and built back up a medical term:
Cardi/o/my/o/pathy = Cardiomyopathy
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But we’re not quite finished yet. What does each word element, or word part actually mean?
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Cardi/o = heartMy/o = muscle-pathy = disease-------------------------------------So, you could base a simple definition off
of the knowledge of the word parts.
“Disease of the heart muscle” or “Heart muscle disease.”
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Comprehension Checker-
◦Prefixes are placed where?
◦Suffixes are placed where?
◦Combining vowels are used when?
at the beginning of words
at the end of word roots
when a word has more than one word root or when the suffix begins with a consonant letter
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Some medical terms are not constructed using word parts, but are derived from original Latin or Greek words from ancient times.
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Example: The term cochlea is a Latin word that means “snail shell.” The cochlea of the ear closely resembles the shape and look of a snail shell.
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Pronunciation PracticeCardiologyElectrocardiogramNeurologicalCyanoticThoracicDuodenalRadiographerHypodermicCardiomegaly
EponymAcronymAbbreviationElectrocardiographPsychiatristEndocarditisSinusitisVenousCardialgia
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The End