Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular...

9

Transcript of Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular...

Page 1: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack
Page 2: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

Mechanisms of resistance: The many ways in which

bacteria destroy antibiotics

Dr Rossana RosaInfectiousDiseasesconsultant,UnityPointHealth,DesMoines,

Iowa,USA

Page 3: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

Therearetwotypesofresistance:IntrinsicorInherentandAcquired

IntrinsicorInherent:

Thisiswhenresistancetoaparticularantibiotic,orgroupofantibiotics,isnormalforaparticularbacterialgenus,speciesorentirebacterialgroup.Itmaybetheresultofthelackofatargetfortheparticularantibiotic,orbecausethatdrugcan'tgettoitstarget.

- Exampleswouldbevancomycinorlinezolidresistanceingram-negatives.They'reresistanttovancomycinbecausethemoleculecan'tgetthroughthegram-negativeoutermembrane.Linezolidisinactivebecauseit'spumpedoutofgram-negativecells.

Page 4: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

Acquired:

Thisisthetypeofresistancewheremostisolatesofabacterialspecies,genus,orgroup,wouldbefullysusceptibletotheparticularantibiotic,butwhereresistancemayariseinafew,orinsomecasesinmanyisolates.Itmayarisethroughmutationofachromosomalgene.

- Enterobacteriaceae oftendevelopresistancebyacquiringnewDNA.Thisisanexampleofso-calledhorizontalgenetransfer,horizontalspread.ThetypicalvehicleresponsibleforthiswouldbearingofDNAknownasaplasmid.

Page 5: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

ThisvideoisusedbykindpermissionoftheUniversityofDundee.FutureLearncourse- AntimicrobialStewardship:Managingantibioticresistance.

Page 6: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

Bacteria don’t keep resistance to themselves

Permission to use cartoon by Nick D. Kimhttp://www.hollver.is/mat/hrammi/matsjuk/Image4.gif

Page 7: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

Neatpackagesofmulti-resistanceAntibiotic classes Genes Mechanism

Aminoglycosidesaac6’-Ib-cr

aadA5Modify drug

β-lactams

blaCTX-M-15

blaOXA-1

blaTEM-1

Destroy drug

Chloramphenicol catB4 Modify drug

Macrolides mph(A) Efflux

Fluoroquinolones aac6’-Ib-cr Modify drug

Sulfonamides sulI By-passTrimethoprim dhfrXVII By-passTetracycline tet(A) Efflux

Page 8: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

Woodford et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 4472-82

Neatpackagesofmulti-resistance

Page 9: Mechanisms of resistance: bacteria destroy antibiotics · antibiotics, is normal for a particular bacterial genus, species or entire bacterial group. It may be the result of the lack

TheForensicsofAMR

• Resistance involves– emergence of

mutations– spread of

resistance genes– spread of resistant

strains

• Tracking and characterizing – the resistant strains– their resistance

genes

Genes

Gene carriers

IS, In, Tn, plasmids

Host species

Strains, clones, phylogenetic groups, virulence traits, co-resistance

Patients

Hospital / community setting; risk factors


Bacterial Resistance and the Optimal Use of Antibiotics …ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/10479/1/dp010023.pdf · 2017-04-01 · Bacterial Resistance and ... Using antibiotics when

Bacterial Resistance and the Optimal Use of Antibiotics …ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/10479/1/dp010023.pdf · 2017-04-01 · Bacterial Resistance and ... Using antibiotics when

Gastroenterology Bacterial Overgrowthazgastroenterology.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/... · 2016. 2. 19. · Antibiotics and probiotics are used to treat bacterial overgrowth. Antibiotics

Gastroenterology Bacterial Overgrowthazgastroenterology.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/... · 2016. 2. 19. · Antibiotics and probiotics are used to treat bacterial overgrowth. Antibiotics

TF_Template_Word_Windows_2016 - openaccess.sgul.ac.ukopenaccess.sgul.ac.uk/109263/1/ANTIBIOTICS FOR BACTERIAL INFE… · Web viewANTIBIOTICS FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN.

TF_Template_Word_Windows_2016 - openaccess.sgul.ac.ukopenaccess.sgul.ac.uk/109263/1/ANTIBIOTICS FOR BACTERIAL INFE… · Web viewANTIBIOTICS FOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN.

Antibiotics & Bacterial Resistance. Antibiotics Are natural substances that stops or destroys microorganisms by attacking metabolic pathways in the bacteria.

Antibiotics & Bacterial Resistance. Antibiotics Are natural substances that stops or destroys microorganisms by attacking metabolic pathways in the bacteria.

Bacterial Resistance and the Optimal Use of Antibiotics · 2003-04-02 · Bacterial Resistance and ... Using antibiotics when resistance is ... study noted a significant decrease

Bacterial Resistance and the Optimal Use of Antibiotics · 2003-04-02 · Bacterial Resistance and ... Using antibiotics when resistance is ... study noted a significant decrease

Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics were introduced as therapeutic agents against bacterial disease starting in 1943 - Major classes of antibiotics attained.

Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics were introduced as therapeutic agents against bacterial disease starting in 1943 - Major classes of antibiotics attained.

B. Wiedemann Bacterial resistance to antibiotics : international epidemiology and new resistance mechanisms.

B. Wiedemann Bacterial resistance to antibiotics : international epidemiology and new resistance mechanisms.

2nd Annual Congress on Antibiotics, Bacterial …...Euro Antibiotics 2020 July 09-10, 2020 in Geneva, Switzerland. “Euro Antibiotics 2020” invites all the participants from all

2nd Annual Congress on Antibiotics, Bacterial …...Euro Antibiotics 2020 July 09-10, 2020 in Geneva, Switzerland. “Euro Antibiotics 2020” invites all the participants from all

Modeling Heterogeneous Bacterial Populations Exposed to Antibiotics: The Logistic-Dynamics Case

Modeling Heterogeneous Bacterial Populations Exposed to Antibiotics: The Logistic-Dynamics Case

Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics

Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics

Antibiotics in Dentistry- A Boon or Bane? · Antibiotics in Dentistry- A Boon or Bane? Khurana Suchi. 1 * and Jodalli Praveen. 2. 1. ... Prolonged courses of antibiotics destroy the

Antibiotics in Dentistry- A Boon or Bane? · Antibiotics in Dentistry- A Boon or Bane? Khurana Suchi. 1 * and Jodalli Praveen. 2. 1. ... Prolonged courses of antibiotics destroy the

Bacterial Persistence: A Model of Survival in Changing ... · Running Title: Modeling Bacterial Persistence Keywords: Phenotype Switching, Bacterial Persistence, Antibiotics, Changing

Bacterial Persistence: A Model of Survival in Changing ... · Running Title: Modeling Bacterial Persistence Keywords: Phenotype Switching, Bacterial Persistence, Antibiotics, Changing

SURVEILLANCE OF ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION AND ANTIBIOTIC ...€¦ · prescribed antibiotics was evident. With further surveillance studies and moni-toring of antibiotics and bacterial

SURVEILLANCE OF ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION AND ANTIBIOTIC ...€¦ · prescribed antibiotics was evident. With further surveillance studies and moni-toring of antibiotics and bacterial

SINthetic AntiBiotics Destroy the Healthy Bowel … Fungus...SINthetic AntiBiotics Destroy the Healthy Bowel Flora and this compromises B Vitamin absorption which leads to depression,

SINthetic AntiBiotics Destroy the Healthy Bowel … Fungus...SINthetic AntiBiotics Destroy the Healthy Bowel Flora and this compromises B Vitamin absorption which leads to depression,

Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infection Literal translation anti – against.

Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight bacterial infection Literal translation anti – against.

Bacterial Resistance in China Minggui Wang, M.D. Institute of Antibiotics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University.

Bacterial Resistance in China Minggui Wang, M.D. Institute of Antibiotics Huashan Hospital, Fudan University.

MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall.

MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall.

ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-BACTERIAL POTENTIALS OF GARCINIA … · potentiate the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacterial pathogens. These compounds have variably been termed

ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-BACTERIAL POTENTIALS OF GARCINIA … · potentiate the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacterial pathogens. These compounds have variably been termed

Antibiotics-induced monodominance of a novel gut bacterial order · Parabacteroides distasonis. Of two antibiotics treatments, the first ceftriaxone treatment led to long-lasting

Antibiotics-induced monodominance of a novel gut bacterial order · Parabacteroides distasonis. Of two antibiotics treatments, the first ceftriaxone treatment led to long-lasting

Antibiotics What How Why. What Antibiotics are drugs derived wholly or partially from certain microorganisms Are used to treat bacterial or fungal infections.

Antibiotics What How Why. What Antibiotics are drugs derived wholly or partially from certain microorganisms Are used to treat bacterial or fungal infections.