MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall.
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Transcript of MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall.
MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION
Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
Overview
Bactericidal Penicillin Cephalosporin Carbapenems Monobactams
PENICILLIN G POTASSIUMOTHER
NARROW SPECTRUMPCN G BENZATHINEPCN V
BROAD SPECTRUMAMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANATE
ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCALNAFCILLIN
ANTIPSEUDOMONASTICARCILLIN-CLAVULANATEPIPERACILLIN TAZOBACTAM
Penicillins
Purpose
Expected Action Destroy bacteria by
weakening the bacterial cell wall
Therapeutic Use Gram positive cocci Gram negative cocci Syphilis Extended spectrum
pcn prophylaxis
Complications
Allergies/anaphylaxisRenal impairmentHyperkalemia/dysrhythmiasHypernatremia
Contraindications/Precautions Contraindicated - severe history of allergies to pcn,
cephalosporin &/or imipenem Caution – at risk for kidney dysfunction If allergic to one pcn should be considered cross allergic
to other pcn & at risk for allergy to cephalosporin
Interactions
AminoglycosidesProbenecid
CEPHALEXINOTHER
1 S T GENERATION – CEFAZOLIN2 N D GENERATION – CEFACLOR3 R D GENERATION – CEFTRIAXONE4 T H GENERATION - CEFEPIME
Cephalosporins
Purpose
Expected Action Beta lactam antibiotics Destroy bacterial cell
walls Four generations
Therapeutic Use Urinary tract
infections Postoperative
infections Pelvic infections meningitis
Complications
Allergic/hypersensitivity/anaphylaxisPossible cross sensitivityBleeding tendenciesThrombophlebitisPainAntibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis
Contraindications/Precautions Contraindications – history of severe allergic reactions to
pcn Caution – renal impairment or bleeding tendencies
Interactions
Disulfiram reactionProbenecid
IMIPENEM-CILASTATINOTHER
MEROPENEM
Carbapenems
Purpose
Expected Action Beta lactam antibiotic Destroy bacterial cell
wall
Therapeutic Use Serious infections
Pneumonia Peritonitis UTI
Combine with antipseudomonal medications to avoid resistance when treating pseudomonas aeruginosa
Complications
Allergy/hypersensitivityPossible cross sensitivityGISupra-infection
Contraindications/Precautions Pregnancy risk C Caution – renal impairment
VANCOMYCINAZTREONAMFOSFOMYCIN
Other inhibitors
Purpose
Expected Action Destroys bacterial cell
walls
Therapeutic Use MRSA E.coli Staphylococcus
epidermidis
Complications
OtotoxicityInfusion reactionsThrombophlebitisRenal toxicity
Contraindications/Precautions Contraindicated – allergy to corn/corn products or
previous allergy to vancomycin Caution – renal impairment, hearing impairment,
geriatrics
Interactions
Increased risk for ototoxicity When vancomycin used with other ototoxic
medications