Maya_ Incas & Aztecs

8/6/2019 Maya_ Incas & Aztecs

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/maya-incas-aztecs 1/18

THE MAYAN CIVILIZATION

Drin Krasniqi

Art Grubi

Nderim Xhemajli

Njomza BeqiriEnxhi Abazi

Fatos Dobroshi

Lis Berishaj



The history

The Maya civilization was a very old culture inMesoamerica. It is famous because people there

knew about writing, art, advanced mathematics,

and advanced astronomical (star) systems. Otherpre-Columbian American civilizations did not have

these.



In the 8th and 9th century, the cities in the southern

lowlands had problems, and declined. At the same

time, the Maya stopped making big monuments andinscriptions. Shortly afterwards, these cities were

abandoned. Currently, archaeologists are not sure

why this happened. There are different theories.Some think ecological factors played a role in this.



Social Structure

The Maya civilization was certainly

never an "empire", inasmuch as one

person never ruled the entire region. Kings were hereditary positions, and, at least after

they were dead, the kings were sometimes

considered gods.



Gender differences

Ancient Maya women had an important role in

society: beyond just propagating culture through

the bearing and raising of children, Maya womeninvolved themselves in economic, governmental and

farming activities.



Although the Maya preferred that rulership pass to

sons and not daughters, the eighth ruler of Palenque

was a woman.

Men and women performed separate but equaltasks: “males produced food by agricultural labor,

but females processed the products of the field to

make them edible.”



Science

Mayan Astrology was a form of Mesoamerican form of

astrology that was one of the most advanced forms ofastrology of its time.



Numerical System



Astronomy

Astronomy was a very important factor of Mayanculture.

They had two calendars the ritual one called “ Tzolk’in ”that was used for calculating religious ceremonies andfestivals and predicting the destiny of people.

The second calendar was the solar calendar called “Haab “ containing 18 months of 20 days each plus 5unlucky days called “ Uayeb ”. The two calendars wereused on conjunction and the Maya calculations were soaccurate that they were able to make exact reckonigspredict eclipses and plot the orbit of the planet Venus.



No.

Seq.

Name of

month

Glyph

examplemeaning

No.

Seq.

Name of

month

Glyph

examplemeaning

1 Pop mat 10 Yax green storm

2 Wo'black

conjunction11 Sak' white storm

3 Sip redconjunction

12 Keh red storm

4 Sotz' bat 13 Mak enclosed

5 Sek ? 14 K'ank'in yellow sun

6 Xul dog 15 Muwan' owl

7 Yaxk'in' new sun 16 Pax planting time

8 Mol water 17 K'ayab turtle

9 Ch'en black storm 18 Kumk'u granary

19 Wayeb'five unlucky

days

H a a b

’



Tzolk’in

Seq.

No.

1

Day

Name 2

Glyph

example 3

16th C.

Yucatec 4

reconstruct

ed

Classic

Maya5

Seq.

No.

1

Day

Name 2

Glyph

example 3

16th C.

Yucatec 4

reconstruct

ed

Classic

Maya5

01 Imix' ImixImix (?) /

Ha' (?)11 Chuwen Chuen (unknown)

02 Ik' Ik Ik' 12 Eb' Eb (unknown)

03 Ak'b'al Akbal Ak'b'al (?) 13 B'en Ben (unknown)04 K'an Kan K'an (?) 14 Ix Ix Hix (?)

05 Chikchan Chicchan (unknown) 15 Men Men (unknown)

06 Kimi Cimi Cham (?) 16 K'ib' Cib (unknown)

07 Manik' Manik Manich' (?) 17 Kab'an Caban Chab' (?)

08 Lamat Lamat Ek' (?) 18 Etz'nab' Etznab (unknown)

09 Muluk Muluc (unknown) 19 Kawak Cauac (unknown)

10 Ok Oc (unknown) 20 Ajaw Ahau Ajaw



Religion

The Mayans were very religious people. Their religion regulated

almost everything in their life. Priests were the most important

people in the tribes. The Mayans believed their gods had destroyedand recreated their earth several times that is why they always tried

to please their gods with sacrifices.

They believed that if they sacrifice their slaves than their lives willimprove by having more rain and sun for their corn and other

harvest.

They thought that their king is God and at the moment that their lost

faith in him everything will go wrong with their lives. Maybe this is

the reason was most of the biggest towns were abandoned by the

Mayan population.



Ruins

There were a lot Mayan cities, but unfortunately the

were all extinct . However all the people were notextinct ! Now they are only old temples left.

The Chichen Itza



Mayan Ruins, Tulum, Mexico

pictures



e ayan c y



Survivors

There are a lot of Mayans, some

of them are pure Mayans, and some of them are

mixed with Spaniards and some other cultures. Sothey aren’t extinct. The Maya have a long history of

traditions and beliefs using natural sources for food,

medicine, clothing and ceremonies; today, the Maya

continue to follow tradition.

The Mayan language exists, and is spoken in someplaces.

Maya_ Incas & Aztecs

Documents

Transcript of Maya_ Incas & Aztecs