Mau tieu luan
Transcript of Mau tieu luan
John von Neumann Institute, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
Tutorial:
Keys to Effective Communications
Prof. Vu Duong Director & Chair of Systems Science
John von Neumann Institute, Vietnam National University HCM
Keys to Effective Presentations
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
Strategy Impossible d'afficher l'image. Votre ordinateur manque peut-être de mémoire pour ouvrir l'image ou l'image est endommagée. Redémarrez l'ordinateur, puis ouvrez à nouveau le fichier. Si le x rouge est toujours affiché, vous devrez peut-être supprimer l'image avant de la réinsérer.
Structure
Delivery
Visual Aids
1. Strategy
Analyzing The
Situation
Purpose Audience
Credibility Cultural Context
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
2. Structure
Organizing The
Presentation
Indirect structure • start with question, and end with
recommendation • more typical in academic and
technical settings
Direct structure • start with recommendation,
support it then reiterate it • more typical in business settings,
and to managerial audiences
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
3. Delivery
Conveying Your
Message
Vocal channel • How you sound to the
audience
Non-verbal channel • How you look to the
audience
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Vocal Channel
How You
Sound
Strive for natural variation in tone, pitch, rate
Use pauses for emphasis
Convey enthusiasm
Avoid filler words (um, uh, ah, …)
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Nonverbal Channel
How You Look
Show confidence and knowledge
Connect with the audience
Leverage nonverbal tools • Posture and stance • Gestures • Movement • Facial expressions • Eye contact
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
4. Visual Aids
Enhance Your
Presentation
Purposes
Checklist
Important Design Considerations
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Enhance Your Presentations
Purpose
Clarify structure
Emphasize important ideas
Illustrate relationships visually
Enhance and maintain interests
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Enhance Your Presentations
Important Design
Consideration
Maintain consistent & simple template
Keep uncluttered & readable
Title appropriately
Limit use of colors
Avoid distortion of special effects
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Enhance Your Presentations
Checklist
check equipment and room in advance
Have alternatives in case of equipment failures
Avoid blocking audience’s view
Interact with visuals effectively
Focus on audience, not the visuals
State transitions aloud
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Creating Visual Aids
Choose Appropriate
Medium
Flip Chart
Overhead transparencies
Computer projections
Slides
Video
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Creating Visual Aids
Checklist For
Visuals
Consistency
Appropriate Titles
Purposeful use of colors & effects
Clear and uncluttered
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Creating Visual Aids
Use Consistent Template
Create a simple, clear template
Test for effective projection; test handouts for note taking
Use sharp color contrast
• Computer projection: consider white or yellow against dark background
• Transparencies: consider dark color against clear background
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Creating Visual Aids
Use Appropriate
Titles
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
TO FOCUS AUDIENCE’S ATTENTION, e.g.
THIRD QUARTER LOST
Creating Visual Aids
Other Considerations
Use color to focus vs. decoration
Avoid distortion from special effects
Use clear, concise texts
Don’t overload
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Managing Q/A
Before During After Plan, anticipate and rehearse
Listen before you answer
Summarize main points – Regain the floor for final word
Set rules about timing (during or after)
Answer using tips
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Managing Q/A
Use Q/A To Hone
Your Message
Listen actively and answer the question!
Restate, paraphrase and clarify
Empathize
Turn question to audience or questioner
Answer honestly
Look at entire audience – not just questioner
Reinforce main points
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Managing Q/A
Attributes of Giving
Effective Feedback
Concrete and specific
Helpful
Descriptive
Relevant
Timely
Desired Copyright (c) John von
Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
Managing Q/A
Accepting Received Feedback
Take a moment before responding
Restate or paraphrase back
Clarify
Evaluate feedback later
Try to understand speaker’s point-of-view
Take notes
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Presentations: Summary
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014
Develop Strategy/Structure • Context: Purpose, Audience,
Credibility • Structure: Direct/Indirect
Owning Delivery • Tone, Fluency • Confidence, eye contact
Create Visual Aids • Uncluttered, purposeful • Well titled, consistent
Handling Q/A • Plan • Listen, Answer • Summarize
Effective Presentations
1. Plan the Talk
A Steve Jobs presentation has all the elements of a great movie—heroes and villains, stunning visuals, and a supporting cast. And, like a movie director, Steve Jobs "storyboards" the plot.
Before you go digital and open PowerPoint, spend time brainstorming, sketching, or white-boarding.
Remember, you’re delivering a story. Slides complement the story.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
2. FOCUS ON BENEFITS
Steve Jobs sells the benefit behind every new product or feature—and he’s very clear about it:
• Why buy an iPhone 3GS? Because "it’s twice as fast at half the price.” • What’s so great about Time Capsule? "All your irreplaceable photos,
videos, and documents are automatically protected and easy to retrieve if they’re ever lost."
Your listeners are asking themselves one question: why should I care? Nobody cares about your product or service. They only care about how your product or service will improve their lives.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
3. Sell Dreams, Not Products
Steve Jobs doesn’t sell computers. He sells the promise of a better world.
• When Jobs introduced the iPod in 2001, he said, "In our own small way, we’re going to make the world a better place." Where most people see the iPod as a music player, Jobs presents it as tool to enrich people’s lives.
Of course, it’s important to have great products. But passion, enthusiasm, and a sense of purpose beyond the actual product will make the difference.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
4. Create Friendly headlines
Steve Jobs offers a headline, or description, for every product and each headline can easily fit in a Twitter™ post. • For example, when Jobs introduced the MacBook Air™ in January
2008, he described it simply: "The world’s thinnest notebook." That one sentence speaks volumes.
• Jobs will fill in the details during his presentation and on the Apple Web site, but he finds one sentence to position every product.
Can you describe your product or service or problem in 140 characters?
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
5. Draw a Roadmap
Jobs outlines the story—the narrative—at the beginning of every presentation. • At the Sept. 9, 2009, music event, Jobs told the audience
he would be talking about three products: iPhones™, iTunes™, and iPods™. Along the way he provides verbal guideposts such as "iPhones. The first thing I wanted to talk about today. Now, let’s move on to the second, iTunes."
Help your listeners follow the storyline.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
6. Create Visual Slides
There are no bullet points in Job’s presentations. Instead he relies on photographs and images. Where the average PowerPoint slide has 40 words, it's difficult to find seven words on 10 of Jobs' slides.
• The technique is based on the idea that information is more effectively recalled when text and images are combined.
• For example, when Steve Jobs unveiled the Macbook Air™, Apple's ultra-thin notebook computer, he showed a slide of the computer fitting inside a manila envelope. That image was worth a thousand words. "Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication," Jobs once said.
Be sophisticated. Keep it simple!
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
7. Demo
In addition to stunning visual backdrops (his slides), Steve Jobs brings props for show and tell.
• After introducing new products or features, Jobs will often sit down at a computer or pick up an iPhone and demonstrate how it works. These demos are simple, but often very dramatic.
• When Jobs introduced Macintosh in 1984, he walked to the center of a darkened stage and slowly pulled the computer from inside a black bag. He pulled a floppy disk out of his pocket, slowly inserted it into the computer, and walked away as the computer came to life.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
8. Plan “water cooler” moments
There's always one moment in a Steve Jobs presentation that is the water cooler moment, the one part of the presentation that everyone will be talking about.
• These showstoppers are completely scripted ahead of time. For example, when Jobs unveiled the MacBook Air™, he removed the computer from an inter-office envelope to show just how thin it was. It's the one moment from Macworld 2008 that everyone remembers.
Plan a showstopper.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
9. Obey the 10-Minute Rule
Neuroscientists have found that the brain gets tired after 10 minutes of any presentation. • In other words, no matter how engaging the speaker,
audiences will tend to tune out after approximately 10 minutes.
• A Steve Jobs presentation lasts about 1.5 hours but every 10 to 15 minutes, he breaks up the content with video, demonstrations or guest speakers.
Don't give the audience time to get bored.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
13. Make Numbers Meaningful
In every Apple presentation, big numbers are put into context.
• On Sept. 9, 2009, Apple Vice-President Phil Schiller said that 220 million iPods had been sold to date. He placed that number into context by saying it represented 73% of the market.
• He broke it down even further—and took a jab at the competition—by saying Microsoft was "pulling up the rear" with its 1% market share.
Schiller learned his technique from Jobs who always puts large numbers into a context that's relevant to his audience.
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM 2014
Persuasive Presentation Exercise
Reminders
Make a presentation about your team (discussion and prep 20mn)
Persuade the class that you have the best team for “your project”
Don’t forget strategy, structure, context
Timing: five minutes + 2 for Q/A
Copyright (c) John von Neumann Institute, VNUHCM
2014