Mathematical operations in the visual brain Guy A. Orban Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie...
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![Page 1: Mathematical operations in the visual brain Guy A. Orban Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie K.U. Leuven Medical School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649c6f5503460f9492217f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mathematical operations in the visual brain
Guy A. Orban
Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie
K.U. Leuven Medical School
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1) Do neurons perform mathematical operations? What is being measured?
2) Gradient selective neurons: a new family
3) Do we have the same neurons in our brain
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AIP
MT/V5 MSTd FST
TEs
Dorsal pathway
Ventral pathway
V1
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Tanaka and Saito, ´89
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L. Lagae et al. ´94
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Orban et al PNAS 1992
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1) Do neurons perform mathematical operations? What is being measured?
2) Gradient selective neurons: a new family
3) Do we have the same neurons in our brain
![Page 8: Mathematical operations in the visual brain Guy A. Orban Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie K.U. Leuven Medical School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649c6f5503460f9492217f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
G. Orban et al, Trends in Neurosci, ´06
ORDRES DE DISPARITE: DERIVEES SPATIALES DE LA DISPARITE
ordre zero
premier ordre
second ordre
approximations
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D.K. Xiao et al, Eur. J. of Neurosci., ´97
Neurone MT/V5 sélectif pour le gradient de vitesse et, indirectement, pour la direction du tilt (inclinaison en profondeur)
Gradient haut-bas
Gradient droite-gauche
A B
EXTRACTION DE LA FORME 3D DU MOUVEMENT: NEURONES
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STIMULI
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G. Orban et al, Trends in Neurosci, ´06
TEs: SELECTIVITE POUR LA DISPARITE D´ORDRE SUPERIEUR
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Y. Liu et al, J Neurosci, ´04
100 spikes/sec
A
B
TEs: CONVERGENCE OF 3D SHAPE CUES: STEREO AND TEXTURE
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K. Nelissen et al, The JoNS, ´06
EXTRACTION DE LA FORME 3D DU MOUVEMENT: fMRI SINGE EVEILLE
Aires sensibles au mouvement et extractionde la forme 3D du mouvement
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Premier Ordre: surface inclinée(8 orientations)
Second ordre: surface cylindrique (4 orientations)
Second ordre: bosse Second ordre: selle (2 orientations)
EXTRACTION DE LA FORME 3D DU MOUVEMENT: NEURONES
Tests pour les neurones FST
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The family of gradient selective neurons
• Gradients of speed: linear: MT/V5, MSTd, FST higher order: FST
• Gradients of disparity: linear: TEs, CIP, AIP, higher order: TEs, AIP, Premotv
• Gradients of texture: linear: CIP, TEs
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1) Do neurons perform mathematical operations? What is being measured?
2) Gradient selective neurons: a new family
3) Do we have the same neurons in our brain?
![Page 20: Mathematical operations in the visual brain Guy A. Orban Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie K.U. Leuven Medical School.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081516/56649c6f5503460f9492217f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Monkey Single cells Monkey fMRI Human fMRI
Neural basis fMRI HomologiesScouting
Monkey needs to be awake
fMRI is also an efficient tool to test drug effects
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fMRI: SENSITIVITY TO CURVATURE in DEPTH
Binocular disparity
Stereo Monocular
Two eyes: different images
Two eyes:same images
Curved(same profiles as used in single cell)
Surfaces
Flat
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23
Srivastava et al., 2007
Janssen et al., 2000
Interaction: (Curved stereo-curved monocular)- (Flat stereo-flat monocular)
Joly et al 2007
Poster 462.4Monday pm
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Selection of subjects (n=22)3D shape adjustment task
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Interaction: (Curved stereo-curved monocular)- (Flat stereo-flat monocular)
L & R Post ITG (6-7)
L & R DIPSA (15-16)
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Conclusions
• 1 Even if they seem to perform mathematical operations, neurons match input to a template
• 2 New family of gradient selective neurons: match input to first and higher order gradients
• 3 Through the combination of single cell recording with fMRI in the awake monkey and humans we can show that similar neurons exist in the human brain
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Integrated Project NeuroProbes FP6: IST-027017.