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McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
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Jerry R. Hobbs
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Jerry R. Hobbs
DAML-SDelivery
DAML-S A DAML+OIL Ontology for Web Services
Brought to you by the DAML-S Web Services Coalition
Image compliments of Hobbs & Connolly, SRI
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
DAML-S BriefingDAML-S Web Services Coalition
presented by: Sheila A. McIlraith
Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL)Stanford University
http://www.daml.org/services/
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
DAML-S Web Services Coalition*
CMU: Massimo Paolucci, Terry Payne, Katia Sycara
BBN: Mark Burstein
Nokia: Ora Lassila
Stanford KSL: Sheila McIlraith, Honglei Zeng
SRI: Jerry Hobbs, David Martin, Srini Narayanan
Yale: Drew McDermott
Manchester: Ian Horrocks
* Founded February, 2001
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
What is DAML-S?
DAML-S: A DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services • DAML+OIL Ontology for (Web) services
• AI-inspired markup language: • tailored to the representational needs of Services• expressive power • well-defined semantics• ontologies support reuse, mapping, succinct markup, ...
• Release of DAML-S version 0.5 June,2001
http://www.daml.org/services/
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Layered Approach to Language Development
DAML-S (Services) DAML-L (Logic)
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
RDFS (RDF Schema)
DAML+OIL (Ontology)
DAML-SL
The first major application of DAML+OIL
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
DAML-S Objectives
Provide an upper ontology for describing properties & capabilities of (Web) services in an unambiguous, computer interpretable markup language.
Desiderata:
• the ontology of Web services
• ease of expressiveness
• enables automation of service use by agents
• enables reasoning about service properties and capabilities
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Automation Enabled by DAML-S
• Web service discovery Find me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai.
• Web service invocation Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from www.acmemoo.com
• Web service selection, composition and interoperation Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai.
• Web service execution monitoring Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet?
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Who Will Use DAML-S?• Web service providers (e.g., Amazon, Intelink, United Airlines)
mark up their services
• 3rd party Web page designers (e.g., Web Designers) mark up clients’ services
• 2nd-ary Web service providers (e.g., Travelocity, My Simon) exploit others’ services to create add-on services use/write agent software to find/execute/compose other services
• Web service end users (e.g., Joe, Analysts) characterize their needs use/write agent software to find/execute/compose services
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Upper Ontology of Services
Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, CMU
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
High-level description of a service and its provider
• description of service (human readable)
• specification of functionalities service provides
• functional attributes (requirements and capabilities)
Profile used for
• populating service registries
• automated service discovery
• matchmaking
Service Profile
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile
AcmeShipping name Acme Shipping Ltd.
physicalAddress 3333 Travis Road
Manchester, NH
webURL www.acmeship.com email [email protected] ...
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile
A service is provided by an Actor (service provider)E.g., AcmeBookShipping is provided by AcmeShipping
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile
AcmeBookShipping
providedBy AcmeShipping
geographicRadius USA
input CustomerNameOriginDestDelDate...
output ConfirmationNumber
when “successful”
...
precondition
effect loc(Goods, Dest, DelDate)
when “successful”
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Model“How does it work?”
Each service is conceived as simple or composite process (event/action)
Associated with each service is a set of inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects (function and action metaphor)
Composite processes are compositions of simple or other composite processes in terms of constructs such as sequence, if-then-else, fork,...
Data flow and Control flow should be described for each composite service
A black box and glass box view are given of each composite service
Process model used for:• (automated) Web service invocation, composition, interoperation,
monitoring (potentially together w/ grounding).
Process Model
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Acme Book
Truck Shipment
Function/Dataflow Metaphor
Input:
• confirmation no.• ...
Output:
• failure notification• …
truck available+
valid credit card
Y
N?
• customer name• origin• destination• weight• pickup date• ...
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor
Input:
• confirmation no.• ...
Output:
• failure notification• …
truck available+
valid credit card
Y
N?
Preconditions:
• customer name• origin• destination• pickup date• ...
• knowledge of the input• ...
• goods at location if successful• credit card debited...
Effect:
Output:
Effect: <no effect>
Acme Book
Truck Shipment
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
AcmeTruckShpng
www.acmeair.com
book flight service
• customer name• flight numbers• dates• credit card no.• • ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• errror information• …
?
www.acmehotel.com
book hotel service
• confirmation no.• dates• room type• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
www.acmecar.com
book car service
• customer name• location• car type• dates• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
• • • •
Composite Process
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
?
• • • • • • • • • • •
Input &Preconditions
Output &Effects
• • • •
• • • •
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Composite Process
truck available+
valid credit card
Y
N
Confirm Shipping Region
Get Quote
Get Shipping Dates
Book Truck Shipment
Acme
Truck
Shipping
Service
expands
AcmeTruckShpng ExpandedAcmeTruckShpng
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Grounding (under development)
• Specification of service access information
• specifies communication protocols, transport mechanisms, etc.
• E.g., SOAP, HTTP forms, Java RMI, RPC, etc.
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Exploiting Ontologies of ServicesService
Shipping
BuyBook
AmazonBuyBook
CongoBuyBook
BuyTicket
BuyAirTicket
Purchase
AirShipping
TruckShipping
BoatShipping
AcmeTruckShipping
BuyConcertTicket
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Related Work
Related Industrial Initiatives • UDDI • ebXML
• WSDL • .Net
• XLANG • Biztalk, e-speak, etc
These XML-based initiatives are currently complementary to DAML-S. DAML-S intends to build on top of these efforts exploiting increased expressiveness, semantics, inference that enables automation.
Related Academics Efforts
• Process Algebras (e.g., Pi Calculus)
• Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic, PSL)
• Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)
• Business Process Modeling (e.g., BMPL)
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Tools and ApplicationsDAML-S provides a means of describing Web services.
It’s just another DAML+OIL ontology all the tools and technologies that exist for DAML+OIL are relevant
Some DAML-S Specific Tools and Technologies:
Extending DAML-S: DAML-S Coalition (security, symbol grounding, …)
Discovery, Matchmaking, Agent Brokering: CMU, SRI (OAA), Stanford KSL
Automated Web Service Composition: Stanford KSL, BBN/Yale/Kestrel, CMU, MIT, Nokia, SRI
DAML-S Editor: Stanford KSL, SRI, CMU (profiles), Manchester
Process Modeling Tools & Reasoning: SRI, Stanford KSL
Service Enactment /Simulation: SRI, Stanford KSL
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
ChallengesTechnical Issues
• DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model
• Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon)(some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow)
Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives
• need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S
• concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF
Tools availability• DAML+OIL reasoner
• DAML-S editor
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
ChallengesTechnical Issues
• DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model
• Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues messages, synchronization, conversation protocols, exceptions and transaction,multiple participants, scripts, unification/binding, constraints, ontologies of processes,service grounding, ...
Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives
• need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S
• concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF
Tools availability• DAML+OIL reasoner
• DAML-S editor
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
ChallengesTechnical Issues
• DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model
• Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon)(some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow)
Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community• need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives
• need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S
• concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF
Tools availability• DAML+OIL reasoner
• DAML-S editor
McIlraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Status: DAML-S version 0.5 released June, 2001.
Please get involved!
Break-out Session (Friday)
*** Try DAML-S for your application *** give feedback ***
DAML-S version 0.5 and related papers
http://www.daml.org/services/
mailing list
[email protected] (technical discussions)
[email protected] (announcements)
We Want Your Input!