How would you apply colonialism and post

colonialism to this poster?

Social Groups

Male Female

White Other ethnic groups

Middle class Working class

Middle aged Young and old

Heterosexual Homosexual

Able-bodied Disabled

Which column is the model of a person who is part of the dominant ideology?

Marxism and the dominant ideology

The dominant ideology: the ideological forces that determine how a society functions.

Marxists believe that all powerful institutions subtlety control how we, the masses, conduct our lives.

What are the dominant institutions?

Marxism and the media

Karl Marx believed that the media and its message could be used for good in the right hands.

However in the hands of what he called the ‘dominant ideology’ the message could have a dangerously influential and controlling effect on the masses.

The Media’s MessageMarxists believe that the media plays a signif icant part in controll ing the masses and some would say as an institution it is a greater influence on society than religion, polit ics or indeed the family.

The supposed subtle dominance with which the media control the masses is also known as ‘hegemonic control’. ’

This feeds into ideas established by Frantz Fanon and post-colonial theory.

ExampleThe major Hollywood studios are often accused of perpetuating the idea that:

America is an imperialistic nation that dominates the world and its cultural landscape- the idea of ‘Americanisation’.

This can be seen from apocalyptic sci-fi films such as ‘I am Legend’ and ‘2012’, where America is at the centre of global concerns.

Starter testHow do Marxists define the dominant ideology?What does capitalist power structures mean?Name 3 institutions that perpetuate this dominant ideology.How did Marxist refer to those with the dominant ideas in society.What did Marxists mean by ‘subordinate groups in society?What does hegemonic control mean?How did Marxists view the media?

Marx on colonialism.“It is an instrument of wholesale destruction, dependency and systematic exploitation producing distorted economies, socio-psychological disorientation and massive poverty “

This is the Marxist view of colonialism. They viewed it as a form of capitalism, enforcing exploitation and social change.

Fanon and ‘the native’s brain’The goal of post-colonialism is to understand the effects of colonialism on cultures.

“Colonisation is not satisfied merely with holding a people in its grip and emptying the native's brain of al l form and content. By a kind of perverted logic, it turns to the past of oppressed people, and distorts, disfigures and destroys it”.

Hall’s ‘cultural transformation’Hall states that culture and identity for second generation colonials has changed…

“Cultural identit ies come from somewhere, have histories. But, l ike everything which is historical, they undergo constant transformation. Far from being eternally f ixed in the past, they are subject to the continuous‘ play' of history, culture and power”.

The ‘constant transformation’ of identity is key to Hall’s work. He doesn't see identity as being fixed. For Hall identity is constantly evolving and there is no such thing as one shared culture as culture itself is so fragmented, particularly in Africa and the Asian sub continent where there are different tribes, religions and languages.

Paul Gilroy’s ‘black diaspora’Employs the notion of ‘diaspora’ and how ethnic minorit ies experience dislocation from their homeland. E.g. feel ing as if you do not totally belong in Britain but you also are considered ‘English’ in the Caribbean, Africa or

Asia etc.

Black culture articulated diasporic experiences of resistance to white capitalist culture’.

Can you relate Marxist post-colonialism to your trailer or ancil lary tasks?

Spend 10 mins making notes in preparation for a presentation.

LO: to apply post- feminist theory to our coursework.

FEMINISM- a recap

What do we know/remember about feminism? Discuss with your group.

Ideologies from subordinate groups that challenge the dominant power structure include feminism.

Feminism is a social theory that challenges the dominant patriarchal power structures controlled by men.

In its most basic form feminism is merely an acknowledgement of gender inequality, in the home and in the workplace.

In the 1960s feminism liberated many women away from being housewives and mothers.

The Post-Feminist EraPost –feminism developed after 60s feminism and came to the fore as a new form in the 80s.

As an ideology it had moved on from feminism, they believed that women had gained relative equality with men but wanted more.

It further believes that women could ‘USE THEIR SEXUALITY FOR EMPOWERMENT’ and assume traditional female roles (motherhood) whilst simultaneously being in control of their lives, ‘juggling’ a family and a career.

This is sometimes referred to as the TRIPLE BURDEN- wife, mother, career women.

What effect has feminism had on issues of masculinity?

Traditional patriarchal power structures are now threatened.Men have performed more traditionally female roles. Gender ambiguity.Mass media represents men and women more equally?Men losing their identity. What’s their purpose?

What would feminists say about this poster?

What would post- feminists say about this poster?

How would you ‘read’ this poster from a post-feminist perspective?

Laura Mulvey- ‘The Male Gaze’Laura Mulvey is feminist f i lm theorist. In her essay Visual Pleasure and narrative cinema’ she said this….‘The male gaze occurs when the camera puts the audience into the perspective of a heterosexual man’.And this…. The woman is usually displayed on two different levels: as an erotic object for both the characters within the f i lm, as well as the spectator who is watching the f i lm. The man emerges as the dominant power within the created f i lm fantasy.’

What is Mulvey suggesting?That the woman is a passive sex object to the active gaze from the man who gains pleasure from looking.

Can you relate post-feminism and Mulvey’s feminist f i lm crit ique to your trailer or ancil lary tasks?

Spend 10 mins making notes in preparation for a presentation.

Homework essayWhat would Marxists post-colonialists and post feminist theorists say about the representation of the subordinate classes in your ancil lary tasks?

Apply to both ancil lary tasks.Embed theory/quotes500 words minimum

‘Queer Theory’http://www.slideshare.net/niajones1/queer-theory-10459824

Youth Cultural Theory

What would Marxists say about this work?