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Mark Kennedy Bsc Landscape Architecture Thesis book LARC40360 Project 5

THES

ISTH

ESIS

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Studio 4a - 4b

Awknowledgements

Lots of people have helped me along the way in many diffferent ways, and I would like to give credit to as many as I possibly can,My parents Sarah and Bernard are pillars in my studies helping me with meanings, right through to giving insight in design strategies and have helped me so much, My Grandmother, Angela who continually shows her support for my work and greets every new output of mine joyously.

As well as my class mates all of whom I regard as peers and mentors along this journey, and of course tutors and module co-ordinators, Dermot Foley, Dr. Karen Foley, Michael Heurich who helped me so much during my stay in Blois, France in third year as part of my Erasmus, as well as through my first years of the course. Des Byrne who guided us through Studio 4a and also Sophia Meeres with welcome criticism of original themes and ideas for my thesis, and assisting the choice for my topic of further research, by way of this Thesis.

As well as Erin O' Malley, and my tutor through out the year Simon Ronan, always greeting us positively and with clear instructions for further work in progress that would need to be done.

My work colleagues who shared so much plant knowledge and years of field experience in working, at Grange Growers. As well as my friends who acted as strong foundations, for me through some of the times that I found tough. Helping me bounce ideas of one another and come up with solutions as well as quick fixes for any issue that I came by.

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Content

i) Awknowledgements

Page 3-4: Content and Synopsis

Page 5: Abstract

Page 6: The Problem

Page 7: Introduction to the main themes

Page 10:Topic

Page 12: 'Materiality of the site, and the users'

Page 13: Precedent studies

Page 14: History of allotment culture

Page 15 'Setting a Context'

Page 16: Site Appraisal Photos ,Site Appraisal Pp. 18 'A Site Within A site.' Pp 19 Site Appraisal Evaluation Pp. 20

Page 23: 'The Client'

Page 24: Family Ties

Page25: Site Ideals

Page 27 Bibliography

Page 29: Review 1: Conceptual approach

Page 30: Review 2: Spatial outcomes1

Page 31: Bibliography

Page 32: Review 3: Detail of the Project

Page 33: Review 4: Atmosphere and Ambiance

Page 34: Sun path and demolition diagrams:

Page 35: Conclusion

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Synopsis

For quite some time, I have wondered how life was in Dublin, when my much adored ancestors grew up here, (some of them), the Urban streets and Sub-Urban streets and avenues have such a rich history that for the most part is pushed to one side, or forgotten about completely.

In Landscape Research 1, a number of quertions appeared to me of which I decided to focus in on a select few and attempt to find out more.

Some of these questions varied in context and origin, however I spent some time attempting to find a linking thread to fit with them all.

I found interest in the lifestyles of our ancestors, as well as the occupancies of our ancestors, and most of all, I wished to explore daily provision of food dynamic. How the typical household would go about preparing (for) as well as preparing their dinner time meals.

In trying not to deviate from this question too much I then realised some of the similarities that are in the present day not disimmilar to that of the ‘olden days’.I wanted to find out about where in Dublin, has some social /economic issues relevent to the Demography that I choose to hone in on, this led me to questions such as

What social issues affect the elderly in Inner City Dublin ?

What social issues affect the ageing adults in Inner City Dublin ?

As well as what are the pyhsical abilites of both these two distinct groups of people singled out in the previous questions ?

How can I focus my research and designs in order to address these issues both social and physical ?

To name but a few, there are social exclusion (particularly among elderly women) 1 Aside from this there is also poverty, the threat of dereliction (in certain more urban areas) and also relative deprivation, linked somewhat yet also differing in economic terms from the aforementioned social exclusion. Another key constraint for living in the Inner city surprisingly is Isolation (particularly within Retiree’s)2 which is shown in accompanying data finds later in this research to be a determining fact for a large number of people living in these North Inner City Areas. Then there is the poverty and unemployment factor, typically focused around parts of Central North Dublin, where 13% of people in Dublin over 65 years of age feel as if they qualify within the grouping of at risk of poverty/extreme poverty and experiencing depriva-tion. (CSO, 2016).

1 (Patricia Kettle: 2014) Essay2 ({Trutz Haase: 2016} (Kelly. K : 2019 Pp 8)

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Abstract : “Let loose, the alure of growing your own vegetables”

The Hypothesis being: There is an abundance of space literally at our feet, especially in Suburban areas, such as where I live, Dundrum, as well as where some of my family would have grown up. The issue being that the prettiest and most shapely (Cotinius coggygria) bush, is undoubtedly a lovely feature to bring seasonal colour to a garden, though it is with a nervous manner that people approach the subject of growing fruit and vegetables in their own front/ back garden or for that matter in hanging baskets/ on vacant driveway spaces/ on pallets/pots or even on verge space to name but a few.

Why do so few people (particularly in the retiree demographic) grow crops in their gardens, and rely so heavily on supermarket bought fruit and veg ? There are too many people so recluse about what they decide to feature in their front garden, after all it is just another space, with earth and grow space.

Thesis Question

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The Problem

Though there were a selection of problem issues pointed out in the preliminary research stages of these projects, there will be a small few that will be directly dealt with in the concep-tual approach toward design. Certain issues suited the people that are living in Cabra more than other issues that might have more context in North Inner City Dublin. Relative deprivation (per-ceived level of poverty) is one of these issues that this project will touch on, yet there are some more issues connected specifically with Cabra that should be dealt with firstly.

The young elderly typically are envi-sioned of at a stage of which they are comfortably living with not much out-going expenses and a stable family/ be

that children or sibling support system.

Although this is not the case for ev-erybody, and the main issues linked with aging in cases not only linked with Urban areas, are Isolation, loneliness, depression and low self-esteem.

A part of the research included figures linking the standard quality of life with several covarients that occur generally as people are getting older, Help with mobility, Occupational status, Self-assessed health, and community engagement all were brought into light in the case. The interesting part of this study findings was the titles of which elderly satisfaction and happiness were based.

As ointed out previosuyly in the re-search there is a bit of a lacking of community gardens/ allotments and common green space as a whole in North Dublin. However Phoenix park accounts for quite a large amount of Dublins allocated green space and this is neighbouring my site.

However it still is relatively inaccessable for the users that are targeted (the ag-ing and the retiree generation). It still is a 10 minute cycle from An-namoe to the closest entrance into Phoenix park. So, not ruling out the Phoenix park, just setting it to one side for the time being regarding these development plans, as they are more at a local neighbourhood level in accor-dance with the concept.

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To begin, some figures might help in explaining the reasoning behind the assumptions, and act as a source of research questions.A main basis for research for this broad subject is the current lacking of resourc-es in DCC for ‘Active Retiree’s’ to partic-ipate in. With aims such as, identifying key constraints and opportunities as well as needs of the Elderly and ‘soon

Introduction to the main themes

to be Elderly’ in a bid to seek ways for green space to provide community, ac-tivity and entertainment for the retired community of North Dublin. Particularly to suburban areas that still qualify as being somewhat Urban, Dublin 7, 15, and 11.

(Daughters of Charity: 2014) research on economic/ occupation statusin Dublin City

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Introduction to the main themes continued

A prime reason for specifying these themes of Urban Agricul-ture, Inclusion of the elderly and encouragement of Self-Sufficient learning/ ideals is due to the inter-est I have fostered from the recent years of working, lifestyles of peers, and hobbies centred around providing or appreciating what is natural and comes from the earth.

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Introduction to the main themes continued

Above: charts sourced from National Positive Aging Strategy Publication

"Dublin are you dynamic, struggling with identity, changing for the better, chang-ing for us, Don't be scared to change"

Quote from one of Stephen James Smyth's poems 'Dublin You Are' an modern poet who lives within and has been immersed within, the Urbanity of Dublin.

During the research of this project it became evident that there were some social problems linked solely with aging and the typical Urban lifestyle.

Though much of these issues do cross paths with the aging and rural lifestlye links, i will be focusing in on the issues raised, in a Dublin, urban setting.

Through the design of the projects first stages/ site appraisal and the interven-tion proposals themselves. It was clear that the basis and ideology of perma-culture, upcycling methods, would best be suited to the sub-urban/ peri-urban areas best. Thus leading me to a range of possible sites that suited, some that were too much on the outskirts and did not have the genus loci sought after in orderr to create something special for the retiree's of the community.

Having established an array of sites with various niche microclimactic factors having unique influences on each, (by the second project) then it was a chance for reflection as well as application of the proposals.

This phase of the design (explained in

projects 2-3) below took quite some effort to get the scale of the patches correct, as well as the aspect and condi-tions suitable for light, shade, drainage, access and soil requirements. An overall arduous process altogether. Though very rewarding as well.

On basing my design proposals on the facts I found much being based on some of the outlined principals by Age Friendly Ireland related articles.

These specifically regarded the link be-tween the vibrance of the urban areas, the allowing for continued indepen-dence through universal design meth-ods where possible, and also satisfying basic social needs all the while retaining a strong encouragement for social par-ticipation and civic engagement.(Age Friendly Ireland article Sarah Gib-ney: 2019)

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Topic

The topic I am most interested in, is the growth of fruit and vegetables, within the wider scope of acting on self- suf-ficient innitiatives and bringing each endeavour that is attempted for the people that this research is aimed to help toward becoming more self- suffi-cient in their own right. The Basis for choosing this topic is not only the historical and cultural link that we as Irish share for this farming/

cultivating/ animal rearing mayhem that used to envelop most of the Ireland as a landmass, but also in bringing the future toward a brighter and more sus-tainable, community sufficient place in the economic and well being dimension for much of the people not only in the study group but connected tightly to those who are more focused on in this research and design project.

Some of the main Aims of this ‘Urban Agriculture’ innitiative are to act as a platform for the supply of seedings on a seasonal basis as well as seeds through various methods including buying from Dutch/ English seedmerchants in bulk. Therefore giving those who wish to get growing, have the means and cheaply. While on the contrary the Retiree’s who wish to participate at just an individual and residual level also have the means

of just coming in on the purchase and then making do themselves with what methods they wish to employ. Be that with the added influence of the com-munity or solo, that too is permitable.

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Topic

Inclusion (particularly of those of the aging demography, if they consent)-

Inevitably there will be further out-reaching of this concept when it is ap-plied to the spaces that will be chosen for this design study. What is meant by this is, it will incor-porate the entire community, (a neigh-bourhood based scheme for example)and in order to serve at a human level this inclusion is imperative.Though that is not to say that it will not be targetted primarily toward the retiree's. Instead the main subjects will be retiree's and soon to be retiree;s communcated to by way of a pamphlet highlighting the ideals (as accompanying project 5 hand up) that will be dispersed via a 'commu-nity centre'

Urban Agriculture

This will be the mode of application this project will utilise if brought into action.What is entailed in this practice?Ranging from the small time collection and storage of 2 litre bottles of fizzy drinks (cutting the base off and un-screwing the cap in order to allow air to circulate, painting the bottle white, then fitting the cut top of the bottle around your tomato plants in order to reflect the heat that often is too much for them and will scorch them.) Recipe for home-made cloches.To the far end of the spectrum where upcycling methods are used not only to get a second use out of waste materials, but also to clear a buildling site (typical-ly an eyesore within an estate setting) where the bricks/ blocks are demolished and then brought and reused in a raised planter/ sunken planterAnother option for upcycling is that of utilisng bark/mulch excess material from gardening/ compost making and using them as hoogle mound bases (as explained in project 3). Or for the case of the compost (in- situ composting)

GIY (Grow It Yourself)

With a bit of know how, and a good ear for listening out for top tips, it is pos-sible to pick up a lot about gardening/ cultivation of vegetables and fruit trees/ bushes very quickly. A method like this can take someone from the begining of a season (collabo-ratively bulk buying seeds that are zone 5 level hardy (Irish climate hardy) all the while preparing and gathering thoughts for the season or seasons ahead. It is a good idea to shop around in as best a way possible, and encouraging (possibly someone/some group who are willing to represent the wider majority to bulk order the fruit bushes for sum-mer planting etc..A method of GIY is best utilised to the best of someones ability, there is no fun in testing something really with low ex-pectations of success, so if it is to come to it, a local arboretum/ horticulture college, or garden centre/ plant nurs-ery may be the better call in matters of timeliness, as well as suitable conditions for propagation and growth of these. For more well versed gardeners it is possible to let certain plants such as carrots (a few best not all of them) go to seed and then harvest the seeds from them for dispersal next season.

Self Sufficiency

A small pair of words for such a big subject. In employing this technique in everyday life, a lot can be saved, a lot can be learnt and also a lot can be upcycled.There are many sources for methods of living a life that is self sufficient of which a section in the bibliography will be dedicated to. The simplest things like cooking bread from scratch would be counted along with knitting a hat for winter months. Where on the contrary, there is also some much more intense and practi-cal steps (employing and outsourcing work often to get best results) that account for the big changes in a self- sufficient lifestyle ethos. Using a sustainable source of biomass woodchip, preferably, not imported from faraway is one option for heat-ing a home, (which has several down-sides such as a lot of storage space required) while solar panels for heat-ing shower water might be an easier goal to accomplish in one summers worth of work. Along with many more options for opting to go self-sufficient over pre-fabricated, or machine made etc.

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Over 1,500 households with adolescents currently

Adolescent electorate map: insight into how the aging parents of this popultation is dispersed currently across North Dublin

800 -1,500 house-holds with ado-lescents currently per electorate district

400-800 house-holds with ado-lescents currently per electorate district

Below 400 house-holds with ado-lescents currently per electorate district

Upcycling of pallets/ old tyres, egg cartons for planting seedings indoors etc..

The fine line between junk and useful items or valuable amounts of what is considered the limits of collecting (cinderblock planters can get hazardous when there are too many).

Materiality of the site (who, and a little about what comprises Annamoe Drive)

Concept of various duration of produc-tion value from a few of the sites. In certain sites there may be a focus on long term return and care for the soil. while in others, the emphasis could be on temporary site placement (2 years) and growing mediums (soil in planters) that are moveable etc.. while again in others there could be a semi-perma-nent emphasis, e.g gardens, as houses do get sold and bought.

Complete lifecycle of an area such as proposed at the train site Cabra, (behind the bottle bank at Carnlough road) in Cabra as featured in some photos later in this piece.

8 Km

8 Km

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Precendent Studies

3 UMASS Permaculture & student- run CSA scheme

Some precendent cases researched during the span of the research leading up to the design of this booklet inlcude various locations dotted about Dublin.The favourite of which is De Courcey Sqaure,

Aside from this there is also St. Annes park in Clontarf a successful community allotment scheme that caters to the retiree generation as part of the wider community.

A Community Supported Agriculture scheme (CSA) that took affect in a big way as it’s season kicked off in 2019 Spring/ Summer term was the colab-oration of the students with a local farmer at Blois L’ecole du Nature et Pa-ysage which was witnessed and greatly admired by yours truly.

There is however a more well known CSA scheme is that of the university and secondary school of the UMASS univeristy of Amerist, MassechusettsStudents in colaboration with the facul-ty in order to run a 35 acrea farm. With a focus on ‘No Dig’ and permacul-

ture strategies.1

However, this scheme is taken to the next level to the point that they actually sell their produce from a school situated market area.

In De courcy square as seen in the top-photograph on this page, they put a lot of effort into planning this community garden based innitiative.It was proposed as a semi- permanent private, (yet open to the 46 surrounding houses) scheme in 2009.

Although one of the main aspects of this space is the vegetable yield and application of this ‘Urban Agriculture’ ideology it served mainly as a commu-nal meeting and social space. Quite a lot of design elements were incorporat-ed into the development of this park, paving stones, short raised bed areas, a watering tap as well as a meandering pathway seqeunce through the en-tirety of the square. Something to be taken note of as this relaxed gardening lifestyle etiquate truly inspires further innitiaives like this and would play as a key factor in my design too.

Below: Mary Callaghan mural artist : http://www.eimearmcnally.com

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A History of Allotment Culture in Ireland

The concept of a long term -temporary or semi-permanent (often until further development plans) of land was a result of the Vacant Land Cultivation Soci-ety in Dublin, following suit to several schemes simmilar in England and esle-where in Europe. The VLCS representatives after much debate with the Department of Agricul-ture and Technical Instruction came to an agreement on the legal binding of lands that were occupied according to certain ideals of this allotment vegeta-ble growing concept. The Aquisition of Lands was passed in 1926. Charles Black was the solicitor behind the pushes to-ward rights of ownership to these lands

for the growers themselves.It began as a form of disenfranchised subsistence farming, typically done by serfs, after loss of their lands. 'The Parliamentary Enclosure Acts' which brought an end to traditional farming rights. (Forrest, M: 2011)

During the Victorian Era, a push was made toward becoming a society of higher/ enlightened behaviours, and thus came the growth of the allotment culture (6151 allotments in 1917 ac-cordinding to VLCS- Ireland as a whole) , by the time World War 1 was happen-ing in Europe, the Irish along with the English were encouraged to provide

food for themselves with slogans such as 'Dig to Victory' embellishing these concepts.

Following a series of Planning Acts begining from 1934, and spiking with the (Local Government Planning and Development Act 1963) numbers of allotements and lands available for allo-tement culture was in decline. Housing and mass building of tennements and estates was on the up and coming. (Kettle, P: 2014)

In more modern days the allotment ide-ology has been on the increase in pop-ularity again, mainly from the 'boom

era' of 2008 onwards. With waiting lists being up to two to three years in places.

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Setting a Context

According to Dublin City Council statis-tics, the responses from surveys about how much time people spent in their local parks and travelling to and from these parks is really quite astonishing.

Around 40 % of people spend less than 20 minutes to travel to their local park, with a majority of people spending more than 20 minutes traveling to their park. Bringing up the question, of whether or not the allocated green space in Dublin currently is enough ?As well as the other further analytical questions involving the uses of the spaces in these parks, and how they could be more suited to their local inhabitants

A positive response came about from two main uses of the parks during the carrying out of this field study, that of the parks voluntary users, (those visiting for the sole purpose of being close to

nature and having some headspace in the form of clear air. While on the other hand people used parks and greens-paces as thoroghfares particularly for heading toward Dublin town centre. (Phoenix Park playing a big role in this) (Dublin City Council 2016)

Currently Dublin is zoned at 26% open green space, with most of this being pri-marily in the South East of Dublin,North Inner City Dublin are 20 % less likely to have a tree on their street than a typical Suburban South East Dublin estate/ road. (Kelly, Kathyan: 2019)

Statistics: (CSO:2016)13% Of people in Dublin over 65 years of age feel as if they qualify within the grouping of at risk. extreme poverty while experiencing deprivation. (Central Statistics Office: 2016)

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Site Appraisal and Photos

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Site Appraisal and Photos

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Site appraisal

In searching for a site from the prelim-inary phases of this project, there was certain criteria that were on the agenda,I only discovered the family ties existing mid way through project one (conceptu-al approach of the theme and subjects).

Nextly it was important to have a bit of a range of scaled sites. This way the varying level of particiaption could be synonymous with the locality and dispersal of the sites (i.e there would be a local site close to the main area of

interest in the application of this proj-ect) and also there would be a larger off -site area, (mainly in order to grow the seedlings and plugs from being bought and they would have a better chance at having fruit then. Each site in their own

will have to have adapted plants also as some sites will be partial shade( e.g. the laneway site at Annamoe Parade)and other sites will have full sun/dappled sun, the latter is typcially the best all round conditions for groing vegetables.

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A site within a site

After being guided toward choosing a range of sites, with very different scales, aspects and landscape typolo-gies. It was clear that this intervention would be more than just a single one off scenario.

Instead, it opened up an array of poten-tials to follow the design along. Noting down some constraints some unique factors for each of the sites gave some order and sequence in which to address these intricacies.

The sites were dwidnled down to four optimal options, for the scale of inter-ventions that were envisioned from the early days of the design.

Decided Sites: • Annamoe (the central green area)• Annamoe Parade /back lane• Abandoned train track at Cabra• Front/back gardens of houses in

Annamoe

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Site appraisal evaluation

In Central Cabra, the historic trainstation awaits to be devel-oped on, however, the railway line link itself though now heavily encroached upon, still stands as well as some adjacent land to the development side of the railway track (As seen in the image below on left side).

On beginning this project I was under the impression that this was not being developed, and only discovered this upon visiting the site mid April.

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Site appraisal evaluation continued

These photos are highlighting the An-namoe area in particular. The two spaces chosen in this site consist of the Annamoe Parade, (At two various locations), and then also at the Annamoe Park green as seen in the image to the left. underneath and to the outskirts/ beyoind the shade line of the alder trees.

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Site appraisal evaluation continued

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The Site of the most interest in this project, will be that of the front and back gardens of Annamoe Drive, where already much of the activity of the street carrys on. Neighbourhood so-cialising, gardening planting up pots in front yards, playing, and also convers-ing just at an aquantance level.

The spaces, as can be imagined is limit-ed, although that's not to say that there is not scope for creation of space from what does exist there (i.e two lanes of road, lots of driveways, and a little bit of verge space also).

Housing typology is terraced typcial-ly, with adjacent roads, being mainly semi-detached houses, with larger gar-den space (front and back). Annamoe

itself has on average 48m square of space in the front gardens, give or take a few meters dependent on whether there is an acute or obtuse bend on the road at that house location. the back gardens then are often extended into, making a garden of what would have been about 211m square back garden area, more like a 160m square area.

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The Client

As it stands, the people of Cabra are an average age of around 40-55 and in the coming years, 10-25 will be considering their retirement.

However this is likely to change, as in pelletstown quite nearby to West Cabra there is a younger popultation of people.

Having mentioned before I have family ties to Cabra, in particular Annameo Drive, and baring this in mind, on a personal level I wish to design this project based on the people I know and care about from Cabra (who are in their retirement currently).

By giving a source to these people it will be possible for them to collaborate further and organise the bulk buying of materials, be they seeds/ soil/ plants

(trees) and in conjunction with the Dublin City Council the eventual

implementation of the one way car system at estates like Annamoe, in order to make room for plant-

ers which may act as havens for the retiree's as well as a sanctuary to pass-

ing birds/ bees/ and other wildlife.

Though it may seem daunting at first, it really is as simple as taking to a desk with pen and paper drawing out what is desired in the way of portion of the garden dedicated to vegetables, the portion dedicated to fruit bushes e.g. ri-bes (Rubus) or even pear/apple (native)or plum/fig trees for ornamental value.

The secondary client in many ways is the nature that will benefit itself, there would likely be an increase in honeybee activity (especially with boxes in the Cabra railway site), centipeeds (that eat some of the other pests) as well as birdlife such as blue tits, robins, and finches.

Hedgehogs are also present in suburban areas of Dublin, along with moles and common field mice though these can be pests at times.

Benefits of Urban Agriculture go be-yond just the vegetables to the dinner table return, but also contribute to a sense of self- worth and independence.

(Wills. Jane, Chineman. Frances, Ru-dolph, Michael: 2010)

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Family ties to Annamoe Drive, in Cabra

With links in my family to Annamoe Drive the pressure really was on for designing a suitable area that would ap-pease all the various aged McManus's that are distintly related to me.

Athough in actual fact, it was left to one side during the design and site visit parts of the project. Other than the fact that it was always on my mind that my great aunty Ettie would possibly be influenced by the project and hopefully in a good way! Ettie (who is currently 101 years old) lives in the centre of An-namoe Drive with her daughters family and they all are keenly interested in any and every outdoor activity.

In this map the proximity of the Central Cabra area (i.e Roosevelt cottages, some historic cottages in Cabra) to the fish pond and East Phoenix park. Since, however develop-ments have occured.

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Site ideals taken further

The basis of permaculture is that it is a universal suiting method of gardening, one which takes heed of other meth-ods, and incorporates them into its own mossaic of applications possible.

The correct methods of using perma-culture at any site are contingent on the effects the weather has on the site, and also the care/ or 'amount let grow wild' either, there is a wide variety of suiting scenarios that permaculture can assist with, or that it can make the difference between there being ana abundance of crops, or no crop at all!

Permaculture: A philosophy of garden-ing in which the natural order is to the utmost put first.

It takes the framework of a (sites own)natural micro-climate and adapts ac-cordingly with the use of principals for gardening such as syneregetic farming systems. The rotation of crops that will most efficiently cut down on numbers of mildew fungus growth, aphids, and other pests that commonly bring an-guish to any gardeners face.

Upcycling materials is a part in per-maculture, if they can be utilised in a artistic way in the garden (in conjunc-tion with plants e.g. strawberrys trailling over the sides of them, or passion flower as a climber up against a up-right frame or even a Physalis [peruvian grund cherry] though this is possibly not the right selection for an Irish outdoor vegetable garden).

Solely these ideals do not make for the most pretty garden in the estate, how-ever, when several of them are taken to the next step beyond, they become one to their own.Often will create an outstanding gar-den, that requires minimal effort once the tasks are ticked off as they come up for renewal each season. A rewarding and ever expanding past-time. Plus theres the added bonus of the rewards reaped from the effort. (Making for great gifts a selection of spring onions or a few stalks of rhubarb etc).

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Bibliography

- Article short - (Open Space: People Space), An international Conference on Research into Inclusive Outdoor environments

- Short Article ‘The importance of social participation and networking among elderly people: short review’ Written and Edited by (Ghazi, F.G, & Sutan, R : 2017)

- Short Article .'Deprivation of Dublin's Inner City' Written by (Fegan. J,: 2016) published by 'The Irish Examiner'

- Research document (Trutz Haase 2016): Aging and society ‘Direct and Indirect influences on socio-economic position on the well-being of older adults’ Link: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0144686X1600060X

-Research Paper 'The Changing Face of Dublin's Inner City' Written by (Trutz Haase:2009)

- Article/ research paper 'Motivations for Investing in Allotment Gardening in Dublin: A Sociological Analysis' written by (Kettle. Patricia 2014) Published by 'The Irish Journal of Sociology 22(2):30-63 link as follows (DOI:10.7227/IJS.22.2.3)

Report for National Spatial Strategy on developments required for wellbeing of the Inner City Dublin Inhabitants, ' The Mulvey Report' entitled ' Creating a Brighter Future' written by (Mulvey. Keiran 2014)

- Age-friendly environments and psychosocial wellbeing: a study of older urban residents in IrelandSarah Gibney, Mengyang Zhang & Cathal Brennan

-(Dublin City Council:2016) 'Dublin City Parks Strategy Report 2016' Volume 3.2

-(Kelly, Kathyan:2019) 'Substance misuse in Dublins North East Inner City, A community based needs analysis' in association with North Inner City Dublin Alcohol Task Force (NIC DATF)

-Past Thesis (Putera. Ramy. Rameli:2019)

-Dublin City Development Plan : 2016-2022 (at this link) https://www.dublincity.ie/dublin-city-development-plan-2016-2022

- Article - 'Watering the Suburbs, Distinction, Conformity and the Suburban Garden' Written by (Askew.L.E, & McGuirk.P.M : 2010) Link https://doi.org/10.1080/0004918024000193702

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Bibliography Continued

-Article - 'Grassroots Social Innovations and Food Localisation: An Investigation of the Local Food Programme in London, England' Written by (Kirwan.J, Maye.D, Carey. J:2012) Link https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.004

-Article - 'Explaining variation in front gardens between suburbs of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia' Written by (Kirkpatrick .J.B, Zagorski , Daniels. G.D :2007)

-Wesite https://ethical.net/ethical/permaculutre-principals/

-Website https://csadublin.wordpress.com

- Policy document - 'Aging and Social Policy Ireland' Written and edited by (Winston. S & Kennedy. J : 2015) Published by UCD Press

- Strategy document - National Positive Aging Strategy (NPAS) Publishment 'Respect and Social Inclusion'

- Report - Molloy, Rosyln at Age Friendly Ireland & The Centre of Excellence for Universal Design and National Disability Alliance (NDA). L ink https://dev.agefriendlyireland.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/How-Walkable-Is-Your-Town.pdf Through website (Age friendly Ireland :2015)

-Person Caethe Burt O' Dea work on the liveline with TU Dublin.

-Book : 'The Self Sufficient Life and How to Live it' Written and compiled by John Seymour, through years of learning from doing Published by DK (Pen-guin Random House) Publishers , ( John Seymour : 2018 ) first published in 1978 though.

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Review 1

This brief was really all about getting off the ground with a stong conceptual approach, one which linked the overall subjects (in my case the retiree’s of North Inner City Dubin) to the theme (this Urban Agriculture ideology).

Criticism of my project came in a very contructive set of arguements, such as there could be a high level of focus in upcoming projects around the culti-lage, of the houses that are involved and how the systems of ‘permaculture’ and ‘Urbanity’ can be tied together e.g. water conservation methods, upcycling methods, and re-using materials.

Some worry was expressed at this point as it seemed that the site ap-praisal and choice was a little slow and lacking.A explaination would need to be giv-en regarding the intricacies as well a preferences and levels of participation highlighted in graphic form as to what homes and homeowners would partici-pate, and at to what extent (e.g. getting rid of the driveway space and replacing it with planters, or simply setting out an area in a sunny patch for some climbing bean/pea plants to grow).

C

DC

D

100 Meters

Having been unsure of the sites themselves, and extent to which the project could potentially span, this analy-sis and site appraisal stage was key toward pushing my investigation forward. It allowed me to eliminate some sites and think in broader terms of the capabilities of other sites closer to ‘home’.

Originally pelletstown seemed to show potential for this scheme, however upon fur-ther examination I decided against this idea.

100 Meters

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Review 2

The main criteria to be checked off for this brief were the process leading to spatial outcomes being reached, a clear and legible conceptual approach being iterated from the previous project. As well as continued analysis of the con-cept, along with begining to figure out how it could be applied via a variety of graphic mediums to showcase the design proposals and their bases.

Comments and feedback: Having pre-sented a range of proposals there were some issues outstanding that needed to be dealt with in coming projects, the choice of site was highlighted, particu-larly there not being ‘enough biten off’ and there being scope for much more in the way of interventions, and applica-tions of the ideals that are talked about. This led to me being guided to choose another site.

The concept needed to be backed up using technical drawings, there was potential to explain some of the themes required from this and briefs to come.

Threshold, boundaries (or lack thereof) and permeability would need some more focus.

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Review 3

This brief was highly focused around the detail of the interventions that would be proposed, a key factor was that the strategy of implementation was clear and cohesive throughout.

My feedback regarding this review was widely varied once again, there was emphasis placed this time on my raised beds, and there not being enough back up reasoning for utilising them.Also there was some unsureness of the context that this series of interventions fitted wihtin, having produced quite a lot of precedents and statistic/ facts about isolation and unemployment, these were left behind for this presen-tation.

A question was raised reffering to whether this was supposed to be a manual, or a guideline, or even a series that could be followed along. Some effort to be needed in sequencing both the format of presentation and also the strategy of presenting/ alongside a booklet/ manual etc..

Comments also were aimed at the structure being somewhat unorthodox to follow.

10 M

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Project 4 Brief was to compile our previous projects work and to take note of any criticism we received for all the reviews (particularly Review 3) All the while considering how using perspec-tive drawing as a tool we could make changes to our design .Highlighting the overall ambiance of the sites.

My personal feedback -Comments were targetted mainly at the lack of structure where it seemed as if the thought process was not well backed up.

A clear designation of who does what and the various participatory roles with-in the greater framework of the entire innitiative needed.

Seeminly, I opted for a piecemeal implementation of the front and back garden (common space ideology inni-tiative) there needs to be valid reason-ing as well as only certain places would suit this approach, as the demolition of a wall in a site that is already North facing will not allow much more light in anyways. So choose these areas strate-gically and according to aspect.

A

B

AB

Review 4

20 M

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Sun Path, Aspect and Wall Demolitionin a bid to create several front and back gardens that are sunni-er with less shade cover through-out the day.

Yellow lines represent the smaller dividing walls of Cabras Annamoe Drive back gar-dens of which it would be a starting point for demolishing walls for sun lihgt

Red lines represent the larger retaining walls of the North Circular road.100 M

50 M50 M

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Conclusions drawn from the research and Design of this project

This has been an eventful year of studying all in all, having learnt lots about how to work at home, and manage breaks, it has taught me that any opportunity to be out and about, for social reasons, or for self- bet-tering reasons (i.e. gardening) playing, or pursueing any hobby, is to be grasped.

Though there was difficulty in determining some of the sites, to develop in terms of graphically representing, and visiting to get a bit of a sense of place, it was managable.

Thank you for listening,