Maritime Education and Training in China: Now and...

GlobalMET Conference - 3rd and 4th November 2017, Holiday Inn, Mumbai, India

Maritime Education and Training in China: Now and Future

Liu Zhengjiang

Dalian Maritime University


Contents

1 Overview of Chinese MET and Seafarers

2 Present Situation of MET in China

3 Measures for Future Development


MET Institutions in China

MaritimeEducation

Higher education

four year university

(bachelor degree)

higher vocational school (diploma)

Secondary education secondary

vocational school (diploma)


Number of different levels of Institutions in China in 2000 and 2015

73

49

17

32 33

university higher vocational school secondary vocational school

MET Institutions in China

Number of institutions(2000) Number of institutions(2015)


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Enrollment of MET in China 2000-2016

universities higher vocational s secondaray vocational s others total

Enrollment and Graduates

Enrollment of different levels of MET institutions in China (1)


Enrollment of MET in China 2000-2016

year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

universities 2067 2637 2855 2955 2869 3271 3702 4094 4604 4589 4475 5723 5271 5512 5738 4862 5826

higher voca 2813 2225 3453 5280 6401 7959 7973 9290 9182 11026 12829 13050 9683 10537 8666 8211 7932

secondaray voca 1373 1051 1387 1468 1153 1462 4155 7864 15472 18318 23324 15767 7349 3289 1585 1414 1187

others 0 0 0 0 0 0 6955 10664 15052 12245 13341 9373 5857 2514 1164 473 390

total 6253 5913 7695 9703 10423 12692 22785 31912 44310 46291 53996 43913 28160 21852 17153 14960 15335

Enrollment of different levels of MET institutions in China (2)


33.00%

25.80%

8.30%

32.50%

45.00%

62.70%

23.80%

54.90%

22.00%

11.50%

43.20%

9.50%

2000

2005

2010

2015

Percentage of enrollment for different levels of institutions

University Higher vocational school Secondary vocational school OtherHigher education institutions have experienced a V type change; the secondary education has had a rapid increase and a sudden decrease

Percentage of enrollment for different levels of institutions


percentages of graduates entering shipping companies

university 64%

higher vocational school 77%

secondary vocational school 95%

Examinations and Joining

percentages of students passing national certification

assessment on the first try

university 87%

higher vocational school 71%

secondary vocational school <50%

We have done

a survey to

some of the

graduates from

different levels

of MET

institutions in

China.


Chinese seafarers holding valid STCW certificates from 2014 to 2016

2014 2015 2016

officers 130,541 131,366 116,369

ratings 215,541 178,982 146,957

overall 346,082 310,348 263,326

It seems that Chinese seafarers holding STCW certificates keep

decreasing since 2014. Part of the reason is that some seafarers that had

already stopped go on board for some years did not change the new

certificates after the transition period of STCW Manila Amendments

Quantity of Seafarers

Number of Seafarers holding valid STCW certificates


Chinese seafarers employed by foreign companies from 2014 to 2016

2014 2015 2016

officers 46,374 49,372 53,265

ratings 31,971 35,441 37,912

overall 78,345 84,813 91,177

Amount of Chinese seafarers employed by foreign companies

has increased by more than 15% .

Number of Chinese seafarers employed by foreign companies


Present Situation of MET in China

Occupation

attractiveness

of seafarers

Education

quality of

MET in China

Shipping

industry and

shipping

technology


Shipping industry and shipping technology

● The shipping industry is still at the low tide

● The profits of shipping companies have been largely reduced,

which lead to the merging and reorganizing of companies

● Some companies have stopped the recruitment of new

seafarers to reduce the operating costs


●Two trends in shipping technology that affect MET is the development

of megaships and autonomous ships

● Megaships will decrease the number of ships needed (e.g. China in

the year of 2001: ocean-going ships flying Chinese flag 2645; fleet

capacity 23857.2 kilotons. China in the year of 2016: ocean-going ships

flying Chinese flag 2409; fleet capacity 65227.6 kilotons)

●Autonomous ships may lead to reduction of manning level onboard


Education quality of MET in China

Education

quality

MET

facilities

High level

talents

Education

objective

●The education quality of Chinese MET institutions get good

reputation

● However, there are still problems need to be solved:

Education quality Unbalanced (relatively low in some secondary

vocational schools)

MET facilities Uneven (e.g. only 16 ships in 9 institutions in total)

Education objectives Vague

Higher level talents Insufficient (e.g.lack of talents in management,

finance and so on)


Occupation attractiveness of seafarers

(Source:Tradingeconomics.com)

China average yearly wages

The income difference between seafarers and other professions

is narrowing

In 2016, the yearly wages have reached over 10,000 dollars a

year in China


While the wages for seafarers stay at the same level

The following figure is an example of wages for seafarers working on dry

cargo ships from 2013 to 2017

The wages of lower levels of seafarers show no advantage

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

captain 7200 7200 7300 7400 7200

third officer/engineer 1500 1500 1400 1400 1400

rating 800 800 850 900 900

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

wag

es(d

ollars

per

mo

nth

)

wages for seafarers working on dry cargo ships(for reference)

Data source: www.csi.com.cn


Measures for Future Development

Legislation for MET in China

Keep improving facilities, faculties and

teaching technology

Different strategy for different level of

institutions



Regulation of the

People's Republic of

China on Seamen

Regulation of People's

Republic of China on

the Administration of

Overseas Assignment

of Seamen

Regulations of

Seafarer Training

Management

The laws and regulations have covered the area of registration, training, examination, certification, service, rights and interests.

The Chinese government has established series of laws and regulations



●New regulation and policy is needed to

◦Guarantee the input of MET

◦Guide education activity of MET institutions

◦ Maintain the interests of seafarers

◦ Reduce the tax rates of seafarers in China


Different strategy for different level of institutions

● Four year universities focus

on the education of leading

personnel

● Higher vocational schools

focus on the education of

qualified and competent

officers for modern ships

● Secondary vocational

schools focus on the education

of skilled ratings and personnel


●various levels of institutions need to seek for different teaching

and educating methods:

◦Some universities--Excellence engineering education program

◦Vocational schools-- order-based model, sandwich training

model


Excellence engineering education

program of DMU

The objective of the program is changing from simplex competency training to

compound education.


Improving facilities of MET institutions: Training Ship Alliance

DMU

SMU

Jimei

Yukun Yupeng

Yufeng Yuming

Yude


WUT Xinghai Fuhai

7 training ships

from different

institutions have

joined the alliance

DMU

WUT

Jimei

SMU

Improving facilities of MET institutions: Alliance


Improving faculty of MET institutions

Increase the number of

teachers holding STCW

certificates

59%

41%

education background of teachers

master andabove

bachlor

70%

3…

teachers with STCW certificates

with STCW

without STCW


Applying new teaching technology: MOOC

Platform: MOOC of Chinese Universities

Course: nautical mechanics

Course: automation of marine engine


Facede of the Administration

Building

Students in Parade

Night View of DMU

Library

The P

icturesq

ue D

MU


Thank you for your attention

Maritime Education and Training in China: Now and...

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