Maritime Domain Awareness: HF-Radar Component

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)


Maritime Domain Awareness

Approach – Dual Use Technologies Demonstrate Nested Vessel Detection Global > Approaches > Port

University of Miami – Global Satellite Coverage, Visible & Microwave

Rutgers University – Over-the-Horizon Compact High Frequency Radar Networks

Stevens Institute of Technology – Local High-Resolution Optics & Shallow Underwater Acoustics

DHS Center of Excellence for Port Security11 Institutions – Maritime Domain Awareness & Resiliency



Rutgers University – CODAR Ocean SensorsAcademic – Industry Partnership since 1998

Mission:

1.Develop the HF Radar Dual-Use Capability for Current Mapping & Vessel Tracking.

2.Transition these Capabilities to Operational Use for Search And Rescue and Maritime Domain Awareness.

3.Educate the Workforce Required to Operate these National Systems.



HF Radar Team

Rutgers University - Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut, Hugh Roarty, Mike Crowley, John Kerfoot, Ethan Handel, Mike Smith, Colin Evans

CODAR Ocean Sensors - Don Barrick, Pete Lilleboe, Laura Pederson, Belinda Lipa, Chad Whelan, Bruce Nyden, Bill Rector, Jimmy Isaacson

University or Puerto Rico – Mayaguez Jorge Corridor

Applied Mathematics, Inc - Bill Browning

University of Alaska – Tom Weingarter, Hank Statskewich

Ocean Power Technologies – Debbie Montangne

Rutgers University – CODAR Ocean SensorsAcademic – Industry Partnership since 1998

ONR - 2004

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)4 The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

CSR Research Objective – Develop the Dual Use Capability in 3 Testbeds

DetectionDetection AssociationAssociation Track FittingTrack Fitting

Urbanized Harbor TestbedUrbanized Harbor Testbed Tropical TestbedTropical Testbed Arctic TestbedArctic TestbedCSR – Year 0




Urbanized Harbor TestbedUrbanized Harbor Testbed Tropical TestbedTropical Testbed Arctic TestbedArctic TestbedCSR – Year 5 Goal




Urbanized Harbor TestbedUrbanized Harbor Testbed Tropical TestbedTropical Testbed Arctic TestbedArctic TestbedCSR – Year 4 Status


CSR Transition Objective – Implement Dual Use through Open MOGOOSE

Surface Currents

VesselDetections


Vessels -

SatelliteSatellite

Ships/ Vessels

REMUS

Modeling

Leadership

CODAR

Glider

Data Vis.

Security

Education

CODAR Network Glider FleetSatellite Data Acquisition Stations 3-D Forecasts

Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation LabOperations, Research & Education Center


Mid-Atlantic Bight HF Radar Network

Mid-Atlantic HF Radar Network14 Long-Range HF Radars 7 Medium-Range HF Radars15 Short-Range HF Radars36 Total

1000 km Alongshore

Length Scale


Mid-Atlantic Testbeds – Long Range and Medium Range


U.S. National HF Radar Network~$5 M start up in 2012~$20 M annual operating cost

“The United States has been working many years to transition its HF radar network to an operational system and has succeeded in moving from individual radars, to clusters of radars to a comprehensive national network tied together through a common data architecture, set of practices and a national plan.”

Global Earth Observing System of Systems Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Work Plan 2012-2015

“Promote rapid development of a global high frequency radar network to measure coastal surface currents”


Global Vessel Traffic Patterns


Global HF Vessel Detection Activities

55

1122

3344

66

22

11

44

55

66

33

New York Harbor

Newport News, VA

Port of Miami, FL

Mona Passage, PR

Barrow, AK

Norway


2011 Accomplishments

• Conducted a full sensitivity matrix study of HF Radar vessel detection parameters for a range of NY Harbor test cases.

• Demonstrated a real time vessel detection capability for the approaches to New York Harbor

• Participated in the CSR experiment that took place at the Port of Miami April 8-12, 2011

• Participated in the COE review meeting in Honolulu, HI January 11, 2011, gave presentations, and met with CIMES partners to develop plans for the Arctic testbed.



• Conducted annual maintenance and performed antenna pattern measurements on the University of Puerto Rico HF Radar sites. Helped install bistatic transmitter for 2011-2012 tests.

• Led the High Frequency Radar group, one of three research groups within the Summer Research Institute, which focused on the detection of vessels in the approaches to New York Harbor.

• Conducted year long noise measurements in New Jersey and Puerto Rico at the 13 MHz HF band.



• Attended the DHS University Summit April 1, 2011. Received S&T impact award for our role in the Gulf Oil Spill.

• Gave Module 6 – High Frequency Radar of the Port Security Sensing Technologies course offered by Stevens Institute.

• Worked with Tom Tomaiko to construct a plan for the implementation of a real-time bi-static vessel tracking capability in the New York Harbor testbed that was implemented in the fall of 2011.

• Worked with Tom Weingartner to develop a successful proposal to implement the Arctic HF Radar testbed.


Littoral Expeditionary Autonomous PowerBuoy (LEAP)

Sponsor:

Participants:

Monostatic Geometry at 13 MHz

Monostatic Geometry at 13 MHz

SNR 17 dB

Bistatic Geometry at 13 MHz

Bistatic Geometry at 13 MHz

SNR 32 dB

Objective:The Littoral Expeditionary PowerBuoy (LEAP) System is established to enhance the Navy’s Anti-Terrorism /Force Protection (ATFP) by providing persistent afloat and port maritime surveillance in the near coast, harbors, piers and littorals worldwide.

Schedule:

11

Prime Contractor:


Deployed August 11, 2011


Monostatic Detections


Bistatic Detections – Shore to Shore


Bistatic Detections – Buoy to Shore


Monostatic and Bistatic Detections on the Amalthea

Amalthea

MMSI: 240447000Ship Type: TankerLength: 247 mBreadth: 40 m

Track of Amalthea from 11:00 to 1:00

AIS data ends 20 km from receiver at Sea Bright

Sea Bright radar and AIS Rx

LEAP

Belmar radar


Monostatic Detections from SEAB


Zoom In

Amalthea Detections out to 20 km


Bistatic Detections Using LEAP


Zoom In

Amalthea Detections out to 40 km

Doubled the detection range with use of LEAP

False Alarms


Sponsor:

Participants:

Schedule:

Objective:To demonstrate the ability of the existing U.S. SeaSonde HF radar network to strengthen maritime domain awareness and, in particular, to provide dual-use environmental monitoring and beyond-the-horizon vessel surveillance.

LegendLong Range 5 MHz

Medium Range 13 MHz

Standard Range 25 MHz

Over the Horizon Vessel Tracking22


Sponsor:

Participants:

Miami CSR Experiment33

Ran

ge

(km

)R

adia

l V

elo

cit

y (m

/s)

Bea

rin

g (

deg

CW

N)

IIR Background

12

34

5

6

7

8

Objective:First experiment testing the layered capability of the MDA sensors that are being evaluated within the CSR.

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 29The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Miami Experiment

Chong Ming

Maersk Westport


Sponsor:

Participants:

CSR Tropical HF Radar Testbed44

AIS

Objective:Development of a HF Radar testbed in the tropical low latitude region near Puerto Rico. This will allow for the measurement of the background HF band to determine its impact on vessel detection capability of the SeaSonde.

4 days AIS traffic in the Mona Passage


Simulation of Real Time Detection Software Operating in the Puerto Rico Testbed

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Sponsor:

Participants:

Objective:Test the capability of the SeaSonde HF Radar as a detection and surveillance sensor at high latitudes in anticipation of the polar ice cap melting and the increased usage of the Northwest Passage.

HF Radar Testbed at High Latitudes55

Remote Power Module

AIS traffic near Barrow, AKNorthwest passage routes

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR)

Sponsor:

Participants:

Objective:Test the capability of the SeaSonde HF Radar as a detection and surveillance sensor at high latitudes in along the 21,000 km of coastline.

HF Radar Testbed at High Latitudes66

Vessels

HELO

Radar

Dornier

MPA

SARSAT

EXTENDED SITUATIONAL EXTENDED SITUATIONAL AWARENESSAWARENESS

AIS

Intelligence

NOBLE FFI NJHQ

Monostatic Coverage Bistatic Coverage


Road Map for Vessel Detection Within CSR

2009 2010 2011 20122008

CSR StartsCSR Starts

Coordinated Field ExerciseCoordinated Field Exercise

CSR Summer Institute PilotCSR Summer Institute Pilot

Puerto Rico Site Inspection

Puerto Rico Site Inspection

Coordinated Field ExerciseCoordinated Field Exercise

First LEAP System Installed

First LEAP System Installed

CSR Summer Institute “How Small is Small”

CSR Summer Institute “How Small is Small”

LEAP Bistatic Transmitter

Installed

LEAP Bistatic Transmitter

Installed

Field Exercise Alaska

Field Exercise Alaska

Second LEAP System Installed

Second LEAP System Installed

Testing of Real Time Software in Mid Atlantic

Testing of Real Time Software in Mid Atlantic

Field Exercise Miami

Field Exercise Miami

Bistatic Exercise Puerto Rico

Bistatic Exercise Puerto Rico

LEAP Multistatic Exercise

LEAP Multistatic Exercise

Vessel Detection Data

into Open Mongoose

Vessel Detection Data

into Open Mongoose

CIT Program CommencesCIT Program Commences

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2009 2010 2011 20122008


Vessel Detection Data Flow


Bohemia AIS Track SNR>9

UNCLASIFIED/FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

AIS Bohemia Velocity Range: 10.3KTS up to 10.4KTS. Several HF Radar detections associated by one, two and three standard deviationsRadar Characteristics: SNR>9, Distance from radar when tracked: 7.2 km

Time: 0:25:00Distance travelled: 11.3km

7.2km

36

HF Detection >20dB20dB>= HF Detection >12dBAIS Contact

HF Association three σ HF Association two σHF Association one σ


Multi-Level Access and Information Sharing with Open Mongoose (MDA CONOP)

(U) Multi-Level Enclaves Provide Appropriate Level Data to Customers

37



Recent Publications

HF Radar for Surface Current Mapping:Roarty, Glenn, Kohut, Gong, Handel, Rivera, Garner, Atkinson, Brown, Jakubiak, Muglia, Haines, Seim, Nov/Dec 2010. Operation and Application of a Regional High-Frequency Radar Network in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, Marine Technology Society Journal, V. 44, No. 6, p. 1-13.

HF Radar for Vessel Tracking:Roarty, Lemus, Handel, Glenn, Barrick, Issacson, May-Jun, 2011. Performance Evaluation of SeaSonde High-Frequency Radar for Vessel Detection, Marine Technology Society Journal, V. 45, No. 3, p. 14-24.

Education:Glenn + 27 Researches + 57 Students, Jan-Feb 2011. The Trans-Atlantic Slocum Glider Expeditions: A Catalyst for Undergraduate Participation in Ocean Science & Technology, Marine Technology Society Journal, V. 45, No. 1, p. 52-67.

International TalksSpain, Norway, Sweden, Poland, Brazil, United Kingdom, South Korea

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 39


2011 HF Radar Partnership Schedule

Current Mapping ProjectsVessel Tracking Projects

The Center for Secure and Resilient Maritime Commerce (CSR) 40


2011 HF Radar Partnership Summary & Challenges

Utilized significant leveraging of resources –Software (IOOS, ONR), Hardware (IOOS, DoD, NJBPU),

Field tests (DoD, CIMES)Lack of dedicated test equipment still hinders progress.

Real-time Vessel Detection development is ahead of schedule due to leveraged tests beyond CSR (DoD, DHS, IOOS).

All leveraged test programs except Open Mongoose ended.

Association is the next research step – path has been defined.Path forward requires new partners and new test equipment.

Interest of the International Community is accelerating.How do we grow a distributed national & global dual-use network?

Maritime Domain Awareness: HF-Radar Component

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