MARINE AND MARITIME SAR APPLICATIONS: COSMO-SKYMED FROM 1ST TO 2ND GENERATION

Maurizio Migliaccio, Ferdinando Nunziata, Andrea Buono  

Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

Auditorium ASI, Via del Politecnico snc, Tor Vergata (Roma) – 14/11/2017

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

MARINE AND MARITIME APPLICATIONS

•  MARITIME SURVEILLANCE

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

MARINE AND MARITIME APPLICATIONS

•  MARINE OIL POLLUTION MONITORING

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

MARINE AND MARITIME APPLICATIONS

•  OBSERVATION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

MARINE AND MARITIME APPLICATIONS

•  ANALYSIS OF COASTLINE DYNAMIC

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

MARINE AND MARITIME APPLICATIONS

•  WIND FIELD RETRIEVAL AND MONITORING EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: A LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: SAR APPLICATIONS

EM model validation

Coastline extraction

Man-made metallic target detection

Sea oil slick observation

Wind field retrieval & extreme weather monitoring 10oE 11oE 12oE 13oE 14oE

38oN

30'

39oN

30'

40oN

30'

41oN

30'

longitude

latit

ude

wind field Cosmo-SkyMed/Ascat

20/11/2010 5:00 h (~ 6.25 km)

Cosmo-­‐SkyMedAscatECMWF

20/11/2010 5:00 h (~12.5 km)

Cosmo-­‐SkyMedAscatECMWF

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: SAR APPLICATIONS

Added-value products are generated that rely on EM models.

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: SAR APPLICATIONS

EM models include statistical, scattering and polarimetric properties.

•  Single-reflection surface scattering (Bragg) •  VV-pol larger than HH-pol backscattering •  Reflection symmetry •  Rayleigh-distributed amplitude of backscattered signal •  Almost polarized backscattered energy

•  Large HH-VV correlation •  Low polarimetric entropy •  Large degree of polarization

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: Coastline extraction

Single-look complex slant range (level 1A) VH-VV PingPong dual-pol mode

The correlation of co- and cross-pol channel amplitudes

allow enhancing land/sea contrast.

Dual-pol data allow

developing more robust and effective algorithms.

A. Buono, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, G.Benassai, “Dual-Polarimetric C- and X-Band SAR Data for Coastline Extraction”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol.9, no.11, pp.4921-4928, 2016. ASI-SOAR Project 5223: Multi-polarization SAR data for coastal zone monitoring.

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: Man-made metallic targets detection

F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, “On the COSMO-SkyMed PingPong Mode to Observe Metallic Targets at Sea”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.38, no.1, pp.71-79, 2013. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

Single-look complex slant range (level 1A) HH-VV PingPong dual-pol mode

Metallic targets and sea surface differ in coherence time and, therefore, by comparison with the time lag of the alternating transmitted bursts, the presence of man-made targets over

the ocean is highlighted.

Dual-pol data allow reducing both false alarms and missed targets rate.

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: Sea oil slick monitoring

Y. Cheng, B. Liu, X. Li, F. Nunziata, Q. Xue, X. Ding, M. Migliaccio, W.G. Pichel, “Monitoring of Oil Spill Trajectories with COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR Images and Model Simulation”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol.7, no.7, pp.2895-2901, 2014. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

The different oil/sea textural properties allow performing oil spill detection, while the exploitation of dense revisit time (11 h) allows an effective oil spill tracking.

Single-look complex slant range (level 1A) Wide

Region and Himage VV-pol mode

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: Monitoring Extreme Weather Events

V. Corcione, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, “Megi Typhoon Monitoring by X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Measurements”, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Special Issue, pp.1-11, 2017. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

The inherent peculiarities of X-band are exploited to retrieve

useful information, i. e., attenuation bands and eyewall extension,, for the tracking of typhoons and other extreme

weather conditions.

Geocoded ellipsoid corrected (level 1C) ScanSAR VV-pol mode

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

COSMO-SKYMED 1ST GENERATION: EM Modeling

Actual SAR data are used to validate EM models developed for a better understanding of the

underlying processes and for implementing

physical-based processing chains.

**A. Montuori, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, P. Sobieski, “X-Band Two-Scale Sea Surface Scattering Model to Predict the Contrast due to an Oil slick”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol.9, no.11, pp.4970-4978, 2016. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

*G. Benassai, A. Montuori, M. Migliaccio, F. Nunziata, “Sea wave modeling with X-band COSMO-SkyMed SAR-derived wind field forcing and applications in coastal vulnerability assessment”, Ocean Science, vol.9, pp.325-341, 2013. ASI Project 1500: Improvement of Oceanic Modeling for Coastal Management by means of COSMO-SkyMed SAR data.

* **

Detected ground project multi-looked (level 1B) ScanSAR Huge Region VV-pol mode

Detected ground project multi-looked (level 1B) ScanSAR Wide Region VV-pol mode

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

TOWARDS COSMO-SKYMED 2ND GENERATION: A NEW LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

TOWARDS COSMO-SKYMED 2ND GENERATION: A NEW LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

•  New tasks/products to be accomplished/generated:

•  Target classification

•  Oil slick characterization •  Improved accuracy/robustness of added-value products:

•  Finer and more robust coastline extraction accuracy •  High-performance and more robust target detection algorithms

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

TOWARDS COSMO-SKYMED 2ND GENERATION: A NEW LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

•  New tasks/products to be accomplished/generated:

•  Target classification

Y. Xi, H. Lang, Y. Tao, L. Huang, Z. Pei, “Four-Component Model-Based Decomposition for Ship Targets Using PolSAR Data”, Remote Sensing, vol.9, no.621, pp.1-18, 2017.

Quad-pol data are needed for

scattering-based model decomposition

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

TOWARDS COSMO-SKYMED 2ND GENERATION: A NEW LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

•  New tasks/products to be accomplished/generated:

•  Oil slick characterization

M. Migliaccio, F.Nunziata, A. Buono, “A Review on SAR polarimetry for sea oil slick observation,” International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.36, no.11-12, pp.3243-3273, 2015.

Dual-pol coherent HH-VV (or quad-pol) data are needed for characterizing oil damping properties

Single-look complex slant range (level 1B) coherent HH-VV Stripmap dual-pol mode

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

TOWARDS COSMO-SKYMED 2ND GENERATION: A NEW LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

•  Improved accuracy/robustness of added-value products:

•  Finer and more robust coastline extraction accuracy

A. Buono, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, G.Benassai, “Dual-Polarimetric C- and X-Band SAR Data for Coastline Extraction”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol.9, no.11, pp.4921-4928, 2016. ASI-SOAR Project 5223: Multi-polarization SAR data for coastal zone monitoring.

Single-look complex slant range (level 1A) VH-VV PingPong dual-pol mode

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

TOWARDS COSMO-SKYMED 2ND GENERATION: A NEW LOOK OVER THE OCEANS

•  Improved accuracy/robustness of added-value products: •  High-performance and more robust target detection algorithms

D. Velotto, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, S. Lenher, “Dual-polarimetric TerraSAR-X SAR Data for Target at Sea Observation”, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol.10, no.5, pp.1114-118, 2013.

Single-look complex slant range (level 1B) coherent HH-HV/VH-VV Stripmap

dual-pol mode

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

•  The selection of data product specifications, i. e., area coverage, spatial resolution, pre-processing level and imaging mode, is application-oriented.

•  Coastline extraction: High-resolution data and coherent dual-pol information are needed to improve the performance of algorithms.

•  High-resolution data and quad-pol information are needed to improve detection rate and to assist target classification.

According to the presented showcases, the research activities undertaken using X-band COSMO-SkyMed 1ST Generation SAR data pointed out that:

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

•  Sea oil slick monitoring: Coherent HH-VV (quad-pol) information and low NESZ are needed to accomplish (automatic) detection and zoning.

•  Monitoring Extreme Weather Events: Coherent dual-pol data are needed to improve the understanding on non-Bragg phenomena.

•  EM modeling: High-quality data, i. e., lower NESZ and finer radiometric accuracy, are needed to improve model predictions.

According to the presented showcases, the research activities undertaken using X-band COSMO-SkyMed 1ST Generation SAR data pointed out that:

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS •  A. Buono, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, G.Benassai, “Dual-Polarimetric C- and X-Band SAR Data for Coastline Extraction”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth

Observ. Remote Sens., vol.9, no.11, pp.4921-4928, 2016. ASI-SOAR Project 5223: Multi-polarization SAR data for coastal zone monitoring.

•  X. Ding, F. Nunziata, X. Li, M. Migliaccio, “Performance Analysis and Validation of Waterline Extraction Approaches Using Single- and Dual-Polarimetric SAR Data”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol.8, no.3, pp.1019-1027, 2015. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

•  A. Buono, F. Nunziata, L. Mascolo, M. Migliaccio, “A Multipolarization Analysis of Coastline Extraction”, Using X-Band COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol.7, no.7, pp.2811-2820, 2014. ASI-SOAR Project 5223: Multi-polarization SAR data for coastal zone monitoring.

•  F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, X. Li, X. Ding, “Coastline Extraction using Dual-polarimetric COSMO-SkyMed PingPong Mode SAR Data,” IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol.11, no.1, pp.104-108, 2014. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

•  F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, “On the COSMO-SkyMed PingPong Mode to Observe Metallic Targets at Sea”, IEEE J. Ocean. Engin., vol.38, no.1, pp.71-79, 2013. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

•  M. Migliaccio, F. Nunziata, A. Montuori, R.L. Paes, “Single-Look Complex COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data to Observe Metallic Targets at Sea”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol.5, no.3, pp.893–901, 2012. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

•  A. Montuori, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, P. Sobieski, “X-Band Two-Scale Sea Surface Scattering Model to Predict the Contrast due to an Oil slick”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol.9, no.11, pp.4970-4978, 2016. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS •  Y. Cheng, B. Liu, X. Li, F. Nunziata, Q. Xue, X. Ding, M. Migliaccio, W.G. Pichel, “Monitoring of Oil Spill Trajectories with COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR

Images and Model Simulation”, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol.7, no.7, pp.2895-2901, 2014. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

•  V. Corcione, F. Nunziata, M. Migliaccio, “Megi Typhoon Monitoring by X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Measurements”, IEEE J. Ocean. Engin., SP, pp.1-11, 2017. ASI Project 1221: SAR Remote Sensing for Sea Oil Spill Observation.

•  G. Grieco, F. Nirchio, M. Migliaccio, “Application of state-of-the-art SAR X-band Geophysical Model Functions (GMFs) for Sea Surface Wind (SSW) Speed Retrieval to a Data Set of the Italian Satellite Mission COSMO-SkyMed”, Int. J. Remote Sens., vol.36, no.9, pp.2296-2312, 2015.

•  G. Benassai, M. Migliaccio, A. Montuori, “Sea Wave Numerical Simulations with Cosmo-SkyMed SAR data”, J. Coast. Res., no.65, pp.660-665, 2013.

•  G. Benassai, A. Montuori, M. Migliaccio, F. Nunziata, “Sea wave modeling with X-band COSMO-SkyMed SAR-derived wind field forcing and applications in coastal vulnerability assessment”, Ocean Sci., vol.9, pp.325-341, 2013. ASI Project 1500: Improvement of Oceanic Modeling for Coastal Management by means of COSMO-SkyMed SAR data.

•  A. Montuori, P. de Ruggiero, M. Migliaccio, S. Pierini, G. Spezie, “X-band COSMO-SkyMed Wind field Retrieval with Application to Coastal Circulation Modeling”, Ocean Sci., vol.9, pp.121-132, 2013. ASI Project 1500: Improvement of Oceanic Modeling for Coastal Management by means of COSMO-SkyMed SAR data.

•  D. Schiavulli, A. Sorrentino, M. Migliaccio, “An Automatic Procedure for Scalloping Suppression and Homogeneity Analysis of Sea X-Band CSK SAR Images“, Atti della Fondazione “Giorgio Ronchi”, vol.LXVII, no.1, pp.27-37, 2012. ASI Project 1500: Improvement of Oceanic Modeling for Coastal Management by means of COSMO-SkyMed SAR data.

•  G. Benassai, M. Migliaccio, F. Nunziata, “The Use of COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data for Coastal Management”, J. Marine Sci. Tech., 2015.

Workshop “La Missione COSMO-SkyMed: Stato dell’Arte, Applicazioni e Prospettive Future”

Strait of Singapore, COSMO-SkyMed StripMap imagery collected on 26/05/2010 in PingPong HH-VV mode