MARIA DEL CARMEN DELGADO RAZURISENCICO - PERU

West central part of SouthAmerica.

Very active seismic country.Earthquakes are generated byfrictions, displacements andconvergent subduction of theN a z c a p l a t e u n d e r S o u t hAmerica plate.

Construction Systems

Many new structures are beingbui l t today of c lay br icks,concrete blocks or concretewalls cast in situ.

The oldest existing structureswere built with quincha oradobe, traditional buildingmaterials from the past.Most of constructions in theHighland are built with adobe.

SENCICO: The National Serviceof Training for the ConstructionI n d u s t r y i s a P u b l i c a n dDecentralized Institution; belongsto the Ministry of Housing, Buildingand Sanitation.

The three main objectivesof SENCICO are:• TRAINING• STANDARIZATION• RESEARCH

SENCICO´SREGIONALOFFICES

1.- TRAINING

To improve the quality and theproductivity in construction and tocontribute in social developingprograms.

Las Bambas – ApurimacXSTRATA Agreement

C o v e r s t h e t h r e e l e v e l s o fworkforce: operative, technical andprofessional workers.

Particular training - in constructionmodality: “Training & Production” : onsite practice.

Community people from rural areaslearn appropriated technologies whilethey are building.

Huayllahura – AyacuchoTGP Agreement

Advantages:• Generation of qualify local

force labor• Transference of technology• Use of local resources• Creation of temporary jobsCamisea Gas

TGP Agreement

2.- STANDARDIZATION

Formulation of Technical Codes to improve the quality and toguarantee the security of the constructions.

• Seismic Safety Design

• Construction with Reinforced Adobe

• Sanitation and Pluvial Water Evacuation

• Metallic Structures design

• Security in the Construction

• Reinforced Concrete Structural Design

• Gas Installation

3.- RESEARCH

Pro jects o f technolog ica l researchapplicable to the national reali ty, toimprove the qual i ty of construct ivematerials and systems and to obtainappropriate economies .

•Improvement of Traditional ConstructionSystems (Adobe, Quincha, Sillar and Wood)

•New Wood Species for the Construction

•Alternatives of Low Cost for NewConstructions (Ferrocemento)

•Evaluation and Reduction of Vulnerabilityof the Constructions

Disasters stroke the Provinces ofLamas, Moyobamba, R io j a(north) and Moquegua (south),caused damage and leavinghundreds of families homeless.

To at tend the emergency, theMinistry of Housing, Building andS a n i t a t i o n , e s t a b l i s h e d t h eReconstruction Program for housing,a n d t r a n s f e r r e d e c o n o m i c a lresources to SENCICO for theproject implementation.

AIMS

• To reduce the vulnerability of buildingsagainst natural disasters

• To contribute to activate local housingi n d u s t r i e s a n d o f f e r m o r e j o bopportunities

• To improve the quality of buildingmaterial hand crafted in each region,trough training activities for local people

• To validate traditional technologies andi n c o r p o r a t e n e w a p p r o p r i a t e dtechnologies for the construction.

SENCICO developed trainingexperiences, for the communitiesd i r e c t l y a f f e c t e d b y t h eearthquakes, in three constructivesystems:

1 . - R e i n f o r c e d a d o b e i nChachapoyas (north of Peru) andMoquegua (south of Peru).

2.- Improvement Quincha in Rioja

3.- Reinforced concrete blocks inMoyobamba.

Foundations: 40 cm wide and 60 cmdepth, filled with cyclope concrete.

Super foundation:25 cm height minimumwith medium size stones.

WallsAdobes were la idusing a lime mortar.

RoofWooden ring beam and trusses oftornillo wood.

Corrugated plastic sheets (0.80 x3.00 m) were ins ta l led w i thgalvanized roofing nails.

M e s h w a s p l a c e d i nhorizontal and vertical strips(s imulat ing beams andcolumns, respectively) in thecritical parts of the building,and then spreading cementmortar over them.

For a best stability of thewa l l s , the co rne rs werereinforced with electro weldedwire mesh in both directions,directly nailed on the wall.

Advantages•Local building material and easy toproduce.•Low cost and the raw are readi lyavailable.•Excellent sound insulating properties withthermal performance.•Fire proof, durable yet biodegradable,non toxic building.

Each house measures 28.24 m2.The total cost was US $3,000,which includes interior finishing,doors, windows and bathroom.

Researches were undertakenunder an agreement with theCatholic University of Peru, inseismic test laboratories, witha non reinforced building.

The first floor was built in adobeand the second floor, in quincha.The module was subjected toseveral earthquake simulationswith input accelerations of 1.0 g,and it suffered minor fissures inthe corners.

Their purpose is, together with the applied mortar, to prevent theabrupt loss of lateral rigidity that occurs when cracks form in non-reinforced buildings

Rein forcement techn ique :nailing electrowelded wire meshalong the insides and outsidesof adobe walls, connecting thetwo sheets of mesh using wireand then spreading cementmortar over them.

SENCICO has technicaland social responsibilitieswith communit ies fromrural areas.

Is necessary to developtechnological researchthrough exper imenta lprojects.

To contribute to mitigatedisasters, it’s important tod e v e l o p a p p r o p r i a t et e c h n o l o g i e s a n dimplementation of achievedknowledge into practice,validating and spreadingtechnological researches.

T h e a c h i e v e m e n t s a n dresults of the researchesshould be presented to thepeople through courses ortraining workshops with easyto understand guides.

Learning appropr iatedt e c h n o l o g i e s f o rconstruction also let ownerbuilders to learn how tostrengthen their housestructures, as no costlytools or equipment aren e c e s s a r y a n d t h eessential know how can beeasily acquired developingspec ia l ized sk i l l s andbe c o m i n g a v a l u a b l eskilled employee to anyconstruction business.

Is very important to sharein format ion on bu i ld ingconstruction practices andstrengthening technologiesw i t h n a t i o n a l a n dinternational organizations.