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Marcia R S Ilha Resident, Anatomic Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee...
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Marcia R S IlhaMarcia R S IlhaResident, Anatomic PathologyResident, Anatomic Pathology
College of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TennesseeUniversity of Tennessee
Case Number: 08-89Case Number: 08-89
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SignalmentSignalment
16-month-old male wallaby 16-month-old male wallaby
Ollie Wallaby
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HistoryHistory
lethargylethargywatery diarrheawatery diarrheadifficulty breathingdifficulty breathingmild uveitismild uveitisincreased ALT, ALP and CKincreased ALT, ALP and CKseizuresseizurescardiorespiratory arrestcardiorespiratory arrest
pet with access to yardpet with access to yardanother wallaby diedanother wallaby died
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Gross findingsGross findings
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Gross findingsGross findings
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Gross Gross findingsfindings
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Gross Gross findingsfindings
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Gross Gross findingsfindings
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HistopathologyHistopathology
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HistopathologyHistopathology
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HistopathologyHistopathology
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HistopathologyHistopathology
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Morphologic diagnosisMorphologic diagnosis
Cecum: Cecum: Diffuse, transmural, marked, Diffuse, transmural, marked, subacute, subacute, necrotizing typhlitis and necrotizing typhlitis and gut-associated gut-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoid tissue necrosis with necrosis with intralesional intralesional protozoan organisms protozoan organisms consistent consistent with with Toxoplasma gondiiToxoplasma gondii
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SerologySerology
Positive for Toxoplasma gondii Positive for Toxoplasma gondii
[IgG > = 8192 UI/ml (>32 UI/ml positive)][IgG > = 8192 UI/ml (>32 UI/ml positive)]
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HistopathologHistopathologyy
similar lesions stomach, small intestine, and colon
lymphadenitis of mesenteric lymph nodes
myocarditis, adrenalitis and thyroiditis
encephalitis
plasmacytic uveitis and choroiditis
interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, and splenitis
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HistopathologyHistopathology
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HistopathologyHistopathology
Intralesional protozoan organisms consistent with T. gondii
stomach heartsmall intestine adrenal
gland colon thyroid gland cecum brainmesenteric lymph nodes eye mesentery
interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, and splenitis (not observed)
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ImmunohistochemistryImmunohistochemistry
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ImmunohistochemistryImmunohistochemistry
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DiscussionDiscussion
Wallabies and other Australian marsupials are among the most susceptible species to Toxoplasma gondii
Severe acute disease with widespread dissemination of the organism is frequently recognized
Contamination with T. gondii oocysts from domestic cats and wild felids is suspected as the main source of infection for herbivorous marsupials
In this case, feral cats were occasionally observed in the same area where the wallaby was kept
Most reported cases of fatal toxoplasmosis have been described in marsupials in captivity, especially in zoos
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ReferencesReferences
Dubey JP et al. Toxoplasmosis in black-faced kangaroos Dubey JP et al. Toxoplasmosis in black-faced kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops). (Macropus fuliginosus melanops). Veterinary Veterinary ParasitologyParasitology; 30: 97-105. 1988.; 30: 97-105. 1988.
Johnson AM et al. Serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis Johnson AM et al. Serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis in macropods. in macropods. Veterinary ParasitologyVeterinary Parasitology; 34: 25-33. ; 34: 25-33. 1989.1989.
Miller MA et al. Outbreak of toxoplasmosis in wallabies Miller MA et al. Outbreak of toxoplasmosis in wallabies on an exotic animal farm. on an exotic animal farm. J Vet Diagn InvestJ Vet Diagn Invest; 4: 480-; 4: 480-483. 1992.483. 1992.
Basso W et al. Toxoplasmosis in captive Bennett’s Basso W et al. Toxoplasmosis in captive Bennett’s wallabies (wallabies (Macropus rufogriseusMacropus rufogriseus) in Argentina. ) in Argentina. Veterinary ParasitologyVeterinary Parasitology; 144: 157-161. 2007.; 144: 157-161. 2007.
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Dr. Robert DonnellDr. Robert Donnell
Dr. Shelley NewmanDr. Shelley Newman
Histopathology Lab Staff, UTHistopathology Lab Staff, UT
UC Davis, IHCUC Davis, IHC
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