Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

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Kingdom Protista

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

Kingdom Protista• 65,000 identified species with almost half extinct

* There is great variety in the way in which they move

and obtain energy.

Protists are microscopic

*unicellular organisms

*all reproduce asexually but a few can also reproduce sexually, exchanging genetic information

*found in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial habitats

∙ many serve as food for other organisms in aquatic habitats;

They are often called zooplankton (protozoans) or phytoplankton (algae)

Protists are thought to have evolved about 1.5 billion years ago.

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

Protists are grouped into 3 general categories based on how they obtain their energy.

Some can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic depending on the conditions for survival.

1. Animal-like - referred to as protozoans (pro means 'first,' and zo refers to 'animals'..the first animals)

∙ Ingest or absorb food after capturing or trapping it.

2. Plant-like - referred to as algae

Produce food through photosynthesis

3. Fungus-like - referred to as slime molds and water molds

Obtain food by external digestion as

a decomposer or parasite

Grouped by how they obtain energy

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

The means for movement (locomotion) of protists

Protists are known for having one of the following 3 means of movement.

1) Flagellum - ex Euglena

2) Cilia - ex. Paramecium

3) Pseudopod - ex. Amoeba

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

Flagellates can be animal­like, plant­like or fungus­like protists. "Zoo" means animal, so animal­like flagellates are called zooflagellates

1) Protists that move with a flagella aka Flagellates

A flagella (or flagellum) is a long whip-like tail that the protist uses to move or to catch food.

• Giardia is found in feces infested fresh water and is a parasite in the human intestine that causes severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea.

Trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness but are carried only by Tsetse flies

Euglena• plant­like protists that have flagella

• have chlorophyll

• euglenas have no cell wall and ingest food similar to the way some protozoans do

• euglenas are unique in that they are both photosynthetic and heterotrophic

• possess a red 'eyespot' that enables them to detect light

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

2) Protists that move by using "Cilia" ­ aka Ciliates

Cilia are tiny hair­like projections that extend from the surface of their cell membrane.

They use the cilia to:*sweep food into their mouth­like structures

and*beat them in rhythm to move

The most common know ciliate is the paramecium.

Stentors and vorticella are also well known ciliates.

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

3) Protists that move by using a Pseudopod (false foot).

Pseudopods - (false foot) fingerlike projections of the cell membrane and cytoplasm used to catch food and to move.

Amoeba is the most familiar protist that moves with a pseudopod.

• some amoebas that live in freshwater springs in countries such as Mexico can produce a painful diarrhea in those who have not developed an immunity to their effects

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

REVIEW

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

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Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

https://students.ga.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/1798/12433/protists­fungi_print.html

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017

https://gtm­media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/DSC/data/888AE3B6­BB02­4C59­A503­8196E42A38D7.pdf

Protist Reading

https://students.ga.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/1798/12433/protists­fungi_print.html

http://www.ck12.org/life­science/Protist­Characteristics­in­Life­Science/lesson/Protist­Characteristics­MS­LS/?referrer=concept_details

Protist.notebook March 01, 2017